外文文献翻译 金融类 不良贷款的管理和回收 论文.docx
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外文文献翻译金融类不良贷款的管理和回收论文
毕业论文外文资料翻译
题目
学院经济学院
专业金融学
班级金融0801
学生
学号20082207166
指导教师
二〇一二年四月二十日
AppliedEconomics,theDrydenPress,2006P75-78.
Non-performingLoansManagementandRecovery
WilliamJ.BaumanandAlanS.Blinder
Abstract
WiththedeepeningofChina'seconomicsystemreformdevelopmentandcontinuousimprovementofthesystemofthemarketeconomy,banks'lendingbusinessbecomescompletelyopentoindividuals,personalloansofbusinessgrowing,continuestoexpandthescopeofbusiness,especiallythedevelopmentofindividualhousingloanmorequickly.PersonalhousingloanbusinessinChinaatthetimeofitsdevelopment,therearebadcreditrisksaswellasthecompetitivesituationisnotoptimistic,toacertainextent,hamperthedevelopmentofindividualhousingloans,tosustainabledevelopment,researchmanagementmustbestrengthenedonanumberofissues.Thisarticlefromthecurrentdevelopmentstatusofindividualhousingloanbusinesstostart,pointedoutthatbecauseoftheexistingproblemsaswellasproblemsandfocusonhowtodeveloppersonalhousingloanbadcreditriskreduction,foreignexperiencesandlessonslearned,andthoughtsandcountermeasuresformanagement,topromotethehealthyandrapiddevelopmentofthebusiness.
Keywords:
Housingloanstoindividuals;Badcreditrisks;presentsituation;problem;Countermeasure
1.Introduction
Underthefive-categoryloanclassification,substandard,doubtfulandlossloansaredefinedasnon-performingloans.Becausethereasonsbehindnon-performingloansformationaredifferent,creditassociatesmusttakeeffectivemeasurestomanage,recoveranddisposeofthesepartsofassetaccordingtotheirdifferentcharacteristics.Thebankshouldfirstfindouttheresponsibilitiesoftheguarantoranddisposeofthesecurityintime.Onlywhentheyconfirmthattheguarantorhaslosttheguaranteeabilitiesandthesecurityisnotsufficienttopayofftheloan,cantheybegintodisposeofthenon-performingloans.
2.Reasons
Therearemanyreasonswhybankshavepoorlyperformingloanportfolios.Irrespectiveofthesecauses,bankshaveanobligationtoshareholders,depositorsandcreditorstomaximizecashflowfromassets,themosttroublesomeaspectofwhichhasbeenthepoorrecordofbanksinrecoveringloans.Itisthisfactorthathascontributedthemosttobankinsolvency,andliquidityconstraints.
Thereareseveralcomplementaryoptionsavailabletobankstorestructureproblemloansandportfolios,including:
_
•Exerciseofcollateral(liensagainstproperty,inventories)throughjudicialorextra-judicialmeans.
•Out-of-courtsettlementthatmayfocusexclusivelyondebtnegotiation,restructuringandrepayment,orleadtothefinancial,physicalandoperationalrestructuringoftheenterprise.
•Bankruptcy/liquidationproceduresthroughformalcourtproceedings.Thismayinvolveliquidation,reorganizationorprivatizationofanenterprisetoenforcepartialortotalloanrepayment.
(Besidesthebankitself,sometimesgovernmentalsoleadsarestructuringprogramtohelpthebanktosolvetheproblemofNPLinordertostabilizethebankingindustryorthewholeeconomy,forexample,AssetManagementCompany(AMC),aspecialpurposecompany,buysorexchangesNPLfrombankanddisposesofthem).
3.Work-OutUnit
Withaggregateloanportfoliosuniversallytroubledbydelinquenciesanddefaults,somebankshaveoptedtodevelopwork-outunitstoimproveloanportfolioquality.Whenwork-outunitsareestablished,theyareusuallysetuptodealwithmostofabank'sproblemloans,effectivelysectioningoffnon-performingloansfromthebroaderbankportfolioofperformingloans.Thebenefitsexpectedfromwork-outunitsinclude;
•Concentratedfocusontherecoveryofproblemloans;
•Moredevelopedbankingexpertiseandcreditriskevaluationskills;
•Improvedinternalbanksystem(earlywarningsystems,collateralrequirements,creditinformationneeds).
Work-outunitscanmakeasignificantdifferenceinrestructuringloanportfolios,particularlywhensupportedbyeffectivetechnicalassistance.
4.LoanRestructuringandLoan"Rollover"
Case-by-caseloanrestructuringiscommoninmarket-orientedeconomies,particularlywhenborrowersareunabletomeettheoriginaltermsoftheloanagreementduetoexternalfactors.Theserestructuringinvariablychangesintheamount,termsand/orscheduleofinterestrates,principalrepayment,andcollateralvalues.Loancovenants(ratios,reportrequirements)oftenchangetofacilitatecompliance.Insomecases,radicalmeasuressuchasreplacingmanagementareinvolved.
Thisapproachissimilartowhatwork-outunitsattempttodo:
recoverportionsofloanportfolioswhichhavedeterioratedandarenon-performing.However,workoutunitsareoftenorganizedonthebasisofsector,locationor