招投标文献英文翻译.docx

招投标文献英文翻译.docx

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招投标文献英文翻译

Ｂuｉｌding　enｇineerｉｎg　ｂiddiｎg

Abstｒact：

Ｎowadays　iｎthｅenｇineｅrinｇ　cｏｎstｒuctioｎiｎdustry,themａrkeｔｗhicｈ　is　

charａｃteriｓtｉｃforprojeｃt　biddｉｎg,haｓforｍeｄ．Ｔhｅ　cｏｎstｒuctiｏncomｐａnｉes，whｉch

ｗant　tocｒeategｏｏdbｅnefits,ｈａveｔo　cｏntrolthｅｉrｃost　anｄ　improveｍaｎａgｅmenｔto

enhanｃethecapacitｙ　ofadaptｉｎgａｎdcoｍpeｔiｎg　ｉnthｉsｍａｒket。

Thisaｒticlｅ　focuｓeｓon

hｏwｔodｅcrｅasｅｃostanｄｉｎcｒeａseincomesoastocontrｏlthｅconstruｃｔｉonｃost

efｆectivｅｌy.biddingdocumenｔsｓhouｌｄ　be　wellformｕlated，whｉcｈｉｓimpｏrtanttoa

successfulbidding　aｎddiｒectinflueｎceｔheｓuccesｓ　orfailureoｆtｈeｂｉｄdinｇ

ｗork．Becａｕsethe　succｅｓsｏｒｆaｉｌurｅofｔhebiddｉｎgfor　the　ｓuｒvivaｌand　dｅveloｐment

ofenterｐrise　hasadirectimpaｃt,sｏwｅ　hａveahighqｕality,ｉｍprovetｈebｉd

doｃumeｎｔsof　ｔhe　unｉｔ,pｒeｖenｔｉｎvalidaｎｄsucceｓsfulpasｓmarkａｐpｅaｒ，becoｍe　ａ

ｒeseａrｃh　topic．　

keｙ　:

　biddiｎgdraｗbacksofuｎｆaｉrｃompetitiｏn　coｕntermｅasures

Ｂiｄdinｇ　isa　ｆormofprojeｃttransａctions,ｐｒｏｊecｔbidｄiｎｇpｒoceｓsistｏ　ｄeteｒmine

ｔhesｕｃcessfｕlbiddｅrand　thecostof　theｐrocｅssａnｄtｈｅpriceofｔheprojeｃt，ｐrojeｃt

ｂiddｉng　work　ofaverｙiｍｐortaｎｔlinｋ,doagｏodjｏbbidｄｉng　tｏ　dｅtermｉne　ｔｈeprｉce,　

wecaneffectivelycoｎｔrolconsｔｒuctｉoncosts，aｎd　creaｔeａｆaｉr　andｅquｉtabｌｅmarket

enviｒonment,　ｃreaｔeoｒdｅrlycｏｍｐｅtiｔioｎmechaｎism.　Bｉｄｄiｎgｉｎconstrｕｃtｉon　

acｔiｖｉtiｅs,coｎsｔrucｔioｎ　ｅnteｒpｒｉsesinｏrｄer　tｏｔenderinvinciblｅｗｏｒkｓ　tobesｕｃcessful,

Ａndｆromtｈeｃoｎtrａctedｐrojectsprｏｆitable，itneeds　tointｅｇratｅ　variousｓubjｅctｉvｅ

anｄoｂjｅctive　cｏnｄitionｓ，thetendeｒ　rｅsearcｈ　stｒaｔｅgy　ｄetｅrｍｉnｅtender.Tender

ｂiｄdｉng　stratｅgy,　iｎｃlｕdiｎｇｐriciｎｇsｔrａｔegieｓａndsｋｉlls．　Allof　thestｒａteｇiesanｄ　sｋillｓ　

froｍtheｎumerｏuｓcontraｃtoｒsbｉdｄiｎg　on　ｔheａccumｕｌatedexperience　andｏbjective

　undersｔandingｏftheｌawanｄofｔheaｃtuaｌ　sｉtuatioｎｕndｅrｓｔandｉng，ｂut　alｓｏwiｔｈ　

thｅｃｏntractoｒ＇sdｅcｉsion—makingaｂｉｌｉｔy　aｎdcoｕrageareclｏｓｅlyｒelａｔed。

　Bidｄing　ｄocumentｓisthegeneｒalprograｍme　anｄ　play　bｏok　oftｈebiｄding　activiｔy

ｔhroughｔheprocess　oｆ　ｂiｄding。

　Theｂｉddingｄｏcuｍｅnts　willspecifｙｔhatHoｗto

coｎdｕｃteａｃhbiddingｗｏｒｋ，ｈoｗto　dispatchbiｄdｉng　dｏcumｅnts，ｔherequｉrｅｍｅntsfoｒ

tenderer，hoｗtoraｔeａnｄｄeｃｉde　biddingaｎｄtｈeproｃeｄuresofbidding.Tｈeｒeｆore,　tｈe

personnｅlwhoｉsｒesponsibleｆｏｒｐreparebiｄdingdｏcｕmｅnｔsｓhoｕldｆｉrsthaｖe　ageｎerａl

view　oｆthｅbiｄding　ｗoｒk,　inｃluｄｅaｌlｔhｅ　ｒequirements　anｄaｒraｎgｅmenｔsinｔｏ

thｅbidding　documｅnts.Ifmeetproｂleｍｓ　thａt　havｅnoｔbeen　consideredｐrｅviouｓｌy，

thｅnｒｅｓolｖｅthemonｅbyone　durinｇ　ｔheｐreparation．　Theｃoｕｒseｏfｂidｄｉng

ｄoｃuｍeｎtsprｅｐaｒａｔion　iｓ　alsothｅcourseofｍakiｎgｂiddingscheme.

Inanotheｒｒｅｓｐecｔ，　bｉddingｄoｃｕmｅｎts　ｉs　alｓotｈe　lｅｇａｌinｓtruｍｅnts。

Bｅsides

ｒelｅvanｔlawandruleｓ，the　biddｉnｇdocumentsarethe　coｍmongameｒulｅstｈat

bidder,bｉｄdingａｇentanｄ　tｅnderershoｕldsubｊectｔo　ｔｈｒougｈthｅ　ｂｉddｉnｇ。

Ｂｉdding

dｏｃumentsarｅthe　legａlｉｎstrｕmeｎtstｈaｔall　thethrｅebiｄdinｇrelatedpartｉｅsshｏuld　

ｓｕbjecｔｔo,have　leｇaｌforce，　ｔheｒｅfoｒe,thｅｂiddinｇdｏｃｕmenｔｓ-makingpeｒsｏnnel

rｅｑuiredto　hａve　ｔhｅawareneｓsanｄ　ｑｕａliｔyofｌｅgaｌｉn　orｄer　toｒeflecttｈefaｉr,　jｕｓｔand　

leｇal　requirｅmentin　thebidｄingdocumｅnｔs．

Inbｕildｉｎgｅngineeriｎｇ　bｉddinglaｗenfoｒceｍｅｎｔａnd　theｐracticｅ　ｏfpｒoject

constructionsuｐeｒviｓionsysｔｅm　onｓtandardizingCｈiｎａ’s　conｓｔructionmarｋet,

impｒoｖetheconstｒuctioｎｑｕaｌiｔyandplayeｄ　ａn　activerole．Butintheprocｅss　of

imｐlemenｔｉngｅxｉst　ｓomeｄｉsadvantaｇes，neeｄｓtoperｆect,　enｒiｃhandｉｍprｏve。

Ｔhｉs　

prｏjｅｃtbｉｄdiｎｇdocumenｔsinａccordaｎcewithｔhebｉdｄinglａw　ｏf　thePｅoplｅ’ｓ

ＲeｐublicofChinａfor　biｄｄers，　biddingrｅgulaｔiｏn,enterprisestｒictly，ｐutforwａｒdto

bidｄeｒsprｏｆesｓioｎal　requiｒｅmeｎtsoｆprojｅcｔprｏfilｅwａsillustｒatｅd。

Nowadaysintheeｎgineeringconstｒucｔｉoninｄｕsｔry,themarket　whicｈ　is

ｃhaｒacｔeriｓｔｉcfｏrpｒojｅctｂiｄdｉng,hasfoｒmed．Tｈeconstructioｎ　coｍpａniｅs,which

ｗanｔtocreａteｇｏodｂenefiｔs，hａｖｅtocoｎtroltｈeiｒｃｏsｔand　iｍｐroｖｅmaｎaｇemenｔｔo

ｅnｈancetheｃapacitｙｏfａｄapｔinｇａnd　competinｇ　inthiｓmarket。

Tｈisarticｌeｆocｕseson

ｈow　todｅcｒｅaseｃost　and　inｃrｅasｅｉncｏmesoastocoｎtrｏlｔheconsｔructiｏncoｓt

efｆeｃtively．　

Ｉnbｕildingengｉnｅeriｎｇ　biddiｎglaw　enｆｏrｃemｅｎｔandtｈepｒａctｉceof　pｒoｊeｃt　

conｓｔructiｏｎsupｅｒvisioｎ　syｓtｅmonstanｄaｒdiｚing　Ｃhinａ’ｓcoｎｓtrｕｃtionmａrket，

iｍｐｒｏveｔｈeｃonｓtrｕcｔioｎｑuaｌityandplayedanａｃtiverole．　Butiｎthｅprocｅｓｓ　ｏｆ

impｌｅmentｉngexｉstsｏｍedisadvaｎtaｇes，neｅdsto　pｅｒfecｔ，eｎｒｉｃhａｎｄimpｒove。

Ｔhis

projｅctbiddingdｏｃumenｔsinacｃordaｎcewｉｔhthebidｄinｇlawｏftｈePeople's

Reｐuｂlｉc　ｏfChinaｆｏr　bｉｄdeｒs，ｂiddingregulａtiｏｎ,　eｎterprise　stｒｉcｔｌy，put　forwａrdto

biｄdｅrs　ｐrofeｓsｉonal　rｅquiｒｅmｅntｓofproｊｅctｐrofｉlｅ　ｗasilｌｕsｔrated．

The　ｐrａcticｅofｐrｏjeｃtbiｄding　ｐurｐoseｉstomarkｅt　cｏmpetition　ofopeｎness，

faｉrneｓsａnd　juｓtice.　Ｈｏwever,　dueto　ｔheconstｒuｃtionmaｒket　deｖｅlｏｐmentｉsｎot

standarｄ,mａnagemenｔ　system　ａnd　ｔｈeexｐerienceｏfinaｄequatｅ,aｒcｈitectｕrａl

engineeriｎgbｉddiｎｇinconcretｅoｐｅratiｏn　exｉｓtin　ACTS　ｏf　uｎfaｉr　comｐetｉtｉon，and　

soｍｅdrawbacｋs。

Ｔhis　obviouslｙｖｉｏlａtethｅ　biddinｇ，the　biddiｎgproｃesｓ，anｄ　wilｌ

lose　ｉtsｓignificａｎce　forotherbiｄdｅrfaiｌsｔo　bｉdiｓunjust,disｔｕrｂed　thｅｂiddｉng

（ｐrｏｊectcｏntractingｍarkｅteｃｏnomｉｃｏｒder,　foractiviｔｉeｓ），thiskｉndｏfbeｈａviｏrmust

bｅｐｒｏhibiteｄ,ｏnlｙinｔhisｗａyｃanwemaｋｅconstrｕｃｔionengineerｉnｇ　coｍpetiｔｉve

tｒadｉngaｃtivitｙlawfullyｈeａlthy．Thissubjｅｃt　willIlｅarnedandsocialprａctice，

ｐresｅnｔsituationanｄconstructionprｏｊectｂｉdding　sｙsｔem　isｅｘｐoｕnded，ａndｔhe　

disadvantaｇesoｆbiｄdiｎg　for　coｎstrucｔioｎproｊectwithACTＳoｆuｎfａir　competｉtiｏn

phenomenonａndａｎａlyｓis　ofcauses，anｄfinallｙmakecorｒesｐoｎdinｇｐｒｅｖentive

counｔｅｒmeasures.

Constructioｎcoｓtｍanageｍｅntsysteｍ,ｂoｔhtheｏｒｅtiｃaldiｓcｕｓsion,but　also　needto　

pｒａcticeiｎｎovａtion.　Unｄeｒｔheｃoｎｄitioｎｓ　ofmarkeｔｅcｏnomy,projecｔcost

manａgｅmeｎｔ，　compeｔitiveandorｄerly　marｋeｔ　forcoｎstruｃtionｍanageｍeｎtｓervｉces

ｐlatfoｒm　sｔｒｕctuｒeｓ.Ｉn　sucｈ　a　ｐremｉse,theoｒｉgiｎaｌｓｃaleanｄｍｅtｈodｏfvalｕation　is

ｉnａppropｒiaｔｅ,andtｈisｎｅeｄs　to　bｅreｆoｒmed　and　ｉmproved．Thespiritof＂thｅ

gｏvernmｅｎt’smacｒｏｒegulａtionaｎｄcontroｌ，eｎｔerprｉｓeautoｎomｙｏffer，themarket　

ｗill　price"　pｒｉｎcipｌe，toimplｅmｅｎtthｅimｐlementatioｎ　sｐｅcｉｆiｃation　biｌloｆquantity。

Iｎｖenｔｏrｙ　Ｖalｕａtionbｉdｄiｎgactivitieｓarebased　ｏnmarketecoｎｏmymeｃhanｉsm,

basedｏｎlegal,sｃientifｉc,ｆair，open　andreasonablewaytoｄeteｒmiｎetｈｅ　winning

bｉdderoｆ　aneconｏｍicacｔivｉty.　Ｂｉddinｇisbｉｄdiｎg　actiｖiｔｉｅs　constｉtｕtｅｔwobasｉｃ　

aspecｔｓ。

　Thebiｄdiｎｇacｔivity　ｉｓmerelytｈatbyｂiddingtocｈoosetｈeoｎewiｔｈthe

work　　

　　Constructioｎpｒoceｓｓcapaｂilitｙ，modeｒatｅcost,　qualitｙisｅxceｌleｎt,　sｈｏrtdｕratiｏn

ｏｆcｏnｓtｒuｃtionenterprｉｓes,and　ｔhisis　theultimatｅｇoalｔender。

Ihavｅｐａrtiｃｉpateｄiｎ　

ｉntｅrｎshｉｐsovｅrthｅcouｒseoftheprojectbidding,　ａｎd　completeｄｏvｅr　pａｒtｏｆ　the

calｃulatiｏnof　ｑuantiｔies,cｏｍbineｄwiｔhgraduａteeｘpeｒieｎceｉnｔhedesiｇn　procesｓ，a

brieｆanalysis　ofｔhｅｍode　QuantitｉesCalｌforTeｎder

Ｔhe　meａｎiｎｇ　ofｒiskaｎd　riskcｈaracterｉstics　ｏf　the　geｎeralｃonｓtｒuction，　the　lｏwest　

ｐrｉceseａledbｉｄdingconstｒuctionｍethod　pｒｏduceｓsevｅralｒiｓksandｉncｅｎtivｅs,

accordingto　tｈeir　ｃharaｃtｅrｉｓticｓdiscｕsｓed　thefeasiｂiｌｉｔyof　riskconｔｒｏland

prｅvｅntion.Cｏｍpariｓon　ｏf　ｅngineerｉｎｇａndeｎgineeriｎgsecurityｒｉsｋmａnagemenｔ,　

iｎsｕｒａnce，similａritiｅｓ　anddiｆｆerenｃeｓbetwｅenthetwoｐroｊectsaｎdbｅnefits；　

cｏnstｒuctionprojectｂidｄinｇ　aｎdtenderingproceｓsｃharacteristｉｃsｏf　humａn　ｂｅhaｖiｏr

iｓanalyzedtorｅvealthebｉdｄｅr’sriｓk　appetiｔeanｄbｅｈavｉｏralcharacteｒisticswith

cｈangesintheeｘternａleｎvｉroｎｍenｔchanｇe,　whentheｄefaultpuｎishment　islight，tｈｅ

bidｄer　ｐｒeｆｅreｎceapｐetiｔe　foｒ　risk　aｎd　defauｌｔpeｎaltｉｅs，wiｔhthｅinｃｒｅaseexceeｄｓ　a

certａin　value,ｔhe　ｒiｓk　ｏfbidderｓtｏ　sｈｏｗprｅferenｃe　for　behaｖｉorchaｎgetoavｏiｄ　ｔhe

riskｏｆ　ｐenaltieｓ，thegreａｔeｒtｈeｂｉddｅr　ｂiａsed　in　favｏrofamorerisk-avｅrｓebｅｈaviｏr，

theresultｓofthecontrｏlandpreventｉon　ofriskｂehavｉorｏｆbiddｅrsｈaｓ　an　imｐortant　

andpｒａctｉcaｌsignifｉcaｎｃｅ

CｏnstructｉonＣosｔManagｅmentfromｔhｅ　＂quantitｙ—oneｐｒiｃｅ"plａｎ　ｍｏdeｌ　to

＂priｃe　ｏfｓｅparatｉonvoｌｕme”modelofｔｈeｍarkｅt,anｄ　graduａllｙ　estａblｉｓhamaｒkeｔ

pｒice－baｓedpｒiｃefｏrmatiｏｎmecｈａｎism，　theprｉceoftｈeｄecisioninｔhｅhaｎdsof　thｅ

ｐaｒtiesｉnvｏｌved　ｉnthemarkｅｔ,　ａndulｔｉmaｔelｙtheａlｌocatiｏnofｒeｓourｃeｓ　tｈroughthe

ｍarketinorｄeｒtoｒeaｌｉzethroughtｈemarkｅtmechaｎism　ｔo　decide　onprojectｃost.　

Thisｗillstanｄardizeｔhｅ　cｏnｓｔructｉon　market-cｏmpetitiveｂehaviorandｔｈeｐｒomｏtiｏｎ

ofpｒojｅｃtｂiddinｇmechaｎisms　playanimportａnt　rｏlｅininnｏvａｔion．　Itcanbe　said

tｈat　ｔheiｍｐlｅmｅnｔation　ofthｅｐｒojectbillof　qｕanｔitieｓｉsａ　pｒｏjectcostmａnagemenｔ

ｓystemin　ourｃountry　ａbigstepfoｒwaｒd,　butalｓoin　Chinａ’ｓaｃcessｉoｎ　toｔｈeWTO，

tｈegloｂａｌｃonｓｔructｉoｎｉndustrya　powｅｒful　toolｆoｒ　peｅrcompeｔｉｔion。

Wiｔh　tｈecｏｎsｔｒuctionofin—deｐthdeｖelopmｅntof　tｈe　mａrkｅｔ,tｈe　trａditional　fixed　

prｉcｉngmｏdelnｏ　lonｇersｕｉtｅｄtomａrket—orientedeconｏmicdｅｖeｌopmeｎtnｅedｓ.　Ｉn

ordｅrtoadapttotｈeｃurreｎｔproject　biddｉngｂｙｔhｅ　markeｔ　nｅedsｏfa　projｅct　cost,we

ｍustworkon　theexｉsｔiｎgｖａluatioｎmeｔhods　aｎdprｉcingmodelforreｆｏrm,tｈe

implemeｎtatiｏnofproｊｅcts　bilｌｐriｃing．Ｅngｉnｅｅriｎｇisa　liｓtofpｒiｃingmodeｌand　

adaptto　themarketecｏnomy,aｌloｗinｇ　independeｎtｃontracｔorｐrｉcｉngthroｕgh　markeｔ

cｏmpｅtitｉonｄｅteｒmｉnｅｐrices，withｔhｅinternａtionａｌpraｃticｅoｆpｒｉcing　model。

With

tｈeｂｉlｌ　pricinｇmodelpｒoｊeｃｔsｔｏprｏｍote,ｉn　ａccoｒdａｎcｅwiｔhiｎternatiｏnalｂidｄing

ｐraｃtices　isiｍｐerａｔｉve.　Therefｏre，＂ｔｈeｌowｅｓtreasｏnablepricｅofthｅsuccessful

biｄｄer"Myfutureiｓｔhemost　impoｒtantevaluａtiｏnmethoｄs.　Ａtthisstageｄｕeｔo　the

imｐlementａｔionoｆ　pｒoｊects　billprｉｃｉng　mｏdel