纽马克文本类型理论下的进口化妆品英语说明书研究.docx

纽马克文本类型理论下的进口化妆品英语说明书研究.docx

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纽马克文本类型理论下的进口化妆品英语说明书研究

纽马克文本类型理论下的进口化妆品英语说明书研究

摘要

近十几年来,随着中国加入世贸后推广了一系列对外文化政策，化妆品也随之涌入国际市场。

如何保证化妆品说明书的译文既要能准确有效地传达信息,又要能切实满足消费者的需求,这对化妆品说明书的译者来说是个难题。

作者试图通过文本类型理论翻译视角来探讨化妆品说明书的翻译,旨在通过文本类型理论探讨其在英译时应遵循的翻译准则和可采用的翻译手段。

英国翻译家纽马克将文本类型划分为表达型文本﹑信息型文本和呼唤型文本三大文本类型,认为译者应根据文本所要体现的文本功能来采取相应的翻译策略。

本研究作者基于纽马克文本理论，采取定性的研究方法，对市场上的化妆品说明书文本及其英译本进行了研究分析。

研究表明文本类型理论能指导化妆品说明书翻译，并具有一定优势。

同时指出：

化妆品说明书翻译并不仅仅是一个语言转换过程，还要考虑到译入语文化，接受者的审美心理等诸多因素。

关键词：

纽马克，文本类型理论，进口化妆品说明书，英汉翻译。

AStudyonEnglish-ChineseTranslationofImportedCosmeticsInstructionsunderNewmarkTextTypeTheory

ABSTRACT

Inrecentdecades,asChinajoinedtheWTOandthenissuedaseriesofforeignculturalpolicies,cosmeticsbegintoenterintotheinternationalmarket.instructions.Yet,itturnsouttobeadifficultissuefortranslatorstodelivercorrectinformationeffectively,tomeettherealneedsofconsumers.Inthisthesistheauthortriestostudyitfromthepointoftexttypologyaimingatselectingbasictranslationcriteriaandavailabletranslationmethods.PeterNewmark,theBritishtranslator,classifiesalltextsintothreetypes:

theexpressivetext,theinformativetextandthevocativetext.Hepointsoutthatthetranslatorshouldadoptcorrespondingtranslationstrategiesaccordingtodifferenttextfunctionsthatthetextexpresses..Inthisthesis,theauthoradoptsaqualitativeanalysisresearchmethodoncosmeticinstructionsfromthemarketandtheirEnglishversionsbasedonthetheoryofNewmark’stexttypology.ThetheoryandthecasestudyofthispaperprovethatTextTypologyTheorycanprovideguidancetocosmeticsinstructionstranslation,andhasgreatpriority.What'smore,theauthorpointsoutthatthetranslationofcosmeticinstructionsisnotonlyalanguagedecodingprocess,butalsoaprocessthatinvolvesmanyfactors,suchastargetculture,aestheticpsychologyandsoon.

KEYWORDS:

Newmark，texttypologytheory，importedcosmeticsinstruction,English-Chinesetranslation.

Contents

Introduction5

Chapter1IntroductiontoCosmeticsInstructionsTranslation6

1.1LiteratureReview6

1.2ResearchPurposeandSignificanceofCosmeticsInstructionsTranslation9

1.3OrganizationoftheThesis9

Chapter2TheoreticalFramework11

2.1PeterNewmark’sViewsonTextTypology11

2.1.1TextFunctions11

2.1.2TextTypes13

2.2PeterNewmark’sTranslationMethods14

2.3TextTypesandtheChoiceofTranslationMethods14

Chapter3AnalysisoftheApplicationTextTypologyTheorytoCosmeticsInstructionsTranslation16

3.1AccuracyandEconomyAppliedtotheCosmeticsInstructionsTranslation16

3.2Coherenceappliedtothecosmeticsinstructionstranslation17

3.3Fidelityappliedtothecosmeticsinstructionstranslation18

3.4RelationsamongtheRules19

Chapter4ACaseStudytoEvaluateCosmeticsInstructionTranslation21

4.1BasicElementsoftheQuestionnaire21

4.2Questionnaire22

4.3AnalysisoftheResponses23

4.4SuggestedStrategiesAdoptedintheTranslationofCosmeticInstructions24

4.4.1Target-language-orientatedStrategies24

4.4.2Target-culture-orientatedStrategies26

Conclusion30

Acknowledgements32

Bibliography33

Introduction

TherecentdecadeswitnessedChina’srapiddevelopmentintermsoftradeandinternationalexchange.WiththeentryintoWTO,moreandmoreforeigncosmeticcompaniesbegintocomeintotheChinesemarket.In2003,foreigncosmetics,includingtheimportedandjoint-stockproducts,havetakenup68percentinChinesecosmeticsmarket.Thechiefissueishowtomaketheconsumersknowtheseproductsverywell.Themostdirectwayistoshowtheconsumersthecosmeticsinstructions.Consequently,translationofcosmeticsinstructionsisratherimportant.However,duetotheinsufficientattentiontocosmeticsinstructionstranslationathomeandabroad,studiesincosmeticsinstructionstranslationlagbehindotherpragmatictranslation,suchastouristtranslation,advertisementtranslation,etc.Besides,thequalityofthetranslationofcosmeticsinstructionsisfarfromsatisfactory.Moreover,theprominentfeatureofcosmeticsinstructionsistheintegrationofinformative,aestheticandvocativefunctions.Itundertakesdoublerolesofofferinginformationtoconsumersandarousingtheirdesiretomakeapurchase.Thus,thetaskofthetranslatoristoofferthereader-expectedtargettextinlightoftheclient’srequirementandmakethetargettextfullyperformthefunctionsofcosmeticsinstructions.

Chapter1IntroductiontoCosmeticsInstructionsTranslation

1.1LiteratureReview

Withthedevelopmentofsocial-linguistics,pragmaticsandfunctionalgrammar,someresearchersrealizethatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenlanguagefunctionsandtextcategorization,thustheyattempttoclassifytextsaccordingtolanguagefunctionsinordertofindoutthereasonofformingthiskindofrelationship.Thefollowingintroductionisabouttheirmajorcontributionstotranslationstudiesintermsoflanguagefunctionsandtexttypology.

Hatim（1980）,asoneoftherepresentativefiguresoftheLeipzigschool,mentionedthatatextmightworthstudying.However,Kade（1993）didnotcarryoutthestudyfromtheperspectiveoflanguagefunctionsthatareexplorednowadaysastheparametertoclassifytexttypes,butfromthetextgenreGentzler（2004:

67）saidthatKade“allowedforaratherbroadscaleTextgattungen（notnecessarilytypes,butcategorizedgenerically）”.KarlBuhler（2011:

34）,putforwardthatlanguagehasthreemainfunctions,namely,expression,representationandappealinhis“organonmodeloflanguage”.

RomanJakobson（1960:

363）furtherdevelopedBuhler’stheoryandproposedhisownmodelofthefunctionsoflanguage,whichiscalledcommunicationmodel.KatharinaReiss（2001）putforwardhertexttypologyinherbookTranslationCriticism:

ThePotentials&Limitationsasearlyas1971.AccordingtoHofstede（1995）,therepresentationalfunctionmeansthefunctionofreflectingobjectsandfacts;theexpressivefunctionreferstoexpressingsender’sfeelingorattitude,whiletheappellativefunctionimpliesthatmakinganappealtothetextreceiver.

PeterNewmark,afamousBritishtranslationtheoristandanexperiencedtranslator,proposedhistexttypologybasedonBuhler’sfunctionaltheoryoflanguageasadaptedbyJakobsonandReiss’stexttypology.TakingBuhler’sandJakobson’sdiscussionsonfunctionsoflanguageasthebasis,Newmarkdividedlanguagefunctionsintosixcategories,includingtheexpressivefunction,theinformativefunction,thevocativefunction,thephaticfunction,theaestheticfunctionandthemetalingualfunction.AccordingtoNewmark,althoughlanguagehassixfunctions,theydonotoccupythesameimportantposition,becausetheexpressive,informativeandvocativefunctionscaneffectivelymeettheprimarypurposesofusinglanguage.Inviewofthis,theexpressive,informativeandvocativefunctionsseemtobemoreimportantthantheaesthetic,phaticandmetalingualfunctions.

InChina,itishardtofindanauthoritativerecordthatmentionstheearliestresearchoftexttypologyexplicitly,butitseemedthatstudiesontranslationfromtheperspectiveoflanguagefunctions

CongLiJun（2004:

43）heldtheviewthat,“functionsoflanguageproduction”playsaleadingroleinthecriteriaoftranslation,therefore,translatorsmustconveythethoughtandcontentofthesourcelanguagetextaccurately,meanwhile,keepthe“functionsoflanguageproduction”unchangedinthetargetlanguagetext.

TakingG.Leech’sfiveclassificationsoflanguagefunctionsasthebasis,CuiGuoQiang（2010:

12）madeadiscussiononthe“issueoftranslationshift”aswellasdifferenttranslationstrategiesfromtheperspectiveofinformativefunction,expressivefunction,estheticfunctionandphaticfunction.Nodoubt,hisstudyhasoperationalsignificanceintermsoftranslationstrategy,Fhowever,itseemsthattheobjectsofdiscussionconcernedbyGuanXiaoJing（2010:

）andChenMingJing（2005）arelimitedtothesentenceitselforsentencegroups,whichiscalled“inner-textuallevel”,andhavenotreachuptothetextuallevel.

ChenYuMin（2005）madeabriefcommentonthebookTranslationCriticism.Hepointedoutthattheshortcomingsofthebookliemainlyinthefactthatitisprescriptivebynatureanditfailstotakefullaccountoftheculturalfactorintheevaluationoftargettexts.CuiJian（1993）indicatedthatbasedonReiss’smodel,Newmarkmadesomeadjustmentsonhismodel,whichismoreflexible,relativelycomplexinrespectoftranslationstrategies,andmoredetailedinreferencetomethodsofliterarytranslationthanthatofReiss’s.

FuZhongXuan（1993）discoveredthattherearegreatdifferencesbetweenboththeoriesintermsofthedefinitionandnatureoftranslation,thecriteriaoftranslation,textfunctionsandtranslationstrategies,etc.

HeChuanSheng（1997）proposedthattheapproachesfortranslationcriticism,whereasthesimilaritiestheysharemuchincommonreflectintheaspectsoftheclassificationoftexttypes,thenatureoftranslationandtherelationbetweentranslationandculture.GuoXingYu（2007）appliedtexttypologyintolegaltranslationwiththeaimofexploringthecharacteristicsoftexttypesandlegaltexts.Sheheldtheviewthatidentifyingthetypologicalfeaturesofparticulartextscorrectlycanbringconveniencefortranslatorstograsptheoverallintentionandfunction.

HuDeLon（2005）pointedoutthattheselectionoftranslationstrategyisdirectlyrelatedtotextfunctionlargely.InhismonographAFunctionalismViewonPragmaticTranslation,hesystematicallyexploredanddiscussedtheapplicationoftexttypologyinpragmatictranslationfromtheperspectiveofwesternfunctionalisttranslatio