整理考研英语一真题完整版.docx

整理考研英语一真题完整版.docx

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整理考研英语一真题完整版

2019考研英语

（一）真题（完整版）

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Section1UseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext。

Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET。

（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps，andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone。

Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can’tfindnorth，afewtrickstohelpyounavigate5tocivilization，oneofwhichistofollowtheland。

。

。

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail，butnotinacompletely7area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions：

Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea？

Andwhereisthenearestwatersource？

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys，andonsuppliesoffreshwater。

9,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind，youshould10seesignsofpeople。

Ifyou'veexploredtheareabefore，keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12：

Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks，andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout。

Atnight，scanthehorizonfor17lightsources，suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution。

18，assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes，tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization。

1.［A]Some［B]Most［C]Few［D］All

2.［A］put［B]take［C］run[D］come

3.［A]Since［B]If［C］Though[D]Until

4.［A］formally［B］relatively［C］gradually[D］literally

5.［A]back[B］next[C］around[D]away

6.[A］onto[B］off[C]across[D］alone

7.［A］unattractive［B］uncrowded[C]unchanged［D]unfamiliar

8.［A］site［B］point［C]way［D]place

9.［A］So［B］Yet［C]Instead［D］Besides

10.［A］immediately［B］intentionally[C］unexpectedly[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised［B]annoyed［C］frightened［D］confused

12.［A]problem［B］option［C]view[D］result

13.［A］Aboveall[B］Incontrast［C］Onaverage[D]Forexample

14.［A］bridge［B］avoid[C］spot［D]separate

15.[A］from[B]through[C]beyond[D]under

16.［A］posts［B]links[C]shades［D］breaks

17.［A]artificial[B]mysterious[C］hidden［D]limited

18.[A］Finally[B］Consequently［C]incidentally［D]Generally

19.[A]memories[B]marks

[C］notes

[D]belongings

20.［A]restrict[B］adopt

［C]lead

[D］expose

Section”ReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。

（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution。

Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit：

morelongtermdecision—makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobuallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short—termism”orthedesireforquickprofits，hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist。

AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce"ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast。

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain，henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation，andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers。

“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort—termthinkingattheexpenseoflong—terminvesting，”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear，slightlyhelpingreduce“short—termism。

”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions。

InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies，therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance，notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm。

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe。

A.enhancebanker’ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate.

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments’impatienceindecision—making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D.“short-termism”ineconomicsactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe。

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate.

A.theobstaclestopreventing“short—termism"。

B.thesignificanceoflong—termthinking。

C.theapproachestopromoting“long-termism”.

D.theprevalenceofshort—termthinking。

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation—-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthepastfewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation，inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce—apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled“gradeforgiveness”—ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent’soverallGPA。

Theuseofthislittle—knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears，ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen，togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses。

Butnowmostcollegessaveformanyselectivecampuses，allowallundergraduates，andevengraduatestudents，togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.“Untimely,”saidJackMiner，OhioStateUniversity’sregistrar，“weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime."

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges’ownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutions，statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention—sobettergradescan，byboostingfigureslikethose，meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudents—who，attheendoftheday,arepayingthebill—feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars，whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.

Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers’expectationsforhighereducation。

Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.Onthis，students’andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation？

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B。

Students'indifferencetoGPAS。

C。

Colleges'neglectofGPAS。

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture。

21.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning。

B.Tomaintaincolleges’graduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition。

22.AccordingtoParagraph5，gradeforgivenessenablecollegesto。

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments

C.improvetheirteachingquality

D.meetlocalgovernments'needs

23.Whatdoesthephrase“tobealigned"（Line5,Para.6）mostprobablymean?