英国首相卡梅隆北京大学演讲全文.docx

英国首相卡梅隆北京大学演讲全文.docx

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英国首相卡梅隆北京大学演讲全文

英国首相卡梅隆北京大学演讲全文

TwentyfiveyearsagoIcametoHongKongasastudent.

Theyearwas1985.

DengXiaopingandMargaretThatcherhadrecentlysignedthehistoricJointDeclaration.

TheremarkablestoryofthesuccessfulhandoverofHongKongandthegreatprogressHongKonghascontinuedtomakeisanexampletotheworldofwhatcanbeachievedwhentwocountriescooperateinconfidenceandwithmutualrespect.

Sincethen,Chinahaschangedalmostbeyondrecognition.

China'sNationalAnthemfamouslycallsonthepeopleofChinatostandupQilaiqilai（standup,standup）.

TodaytheChinesepeoplearenotjuststandingupintheirowncountrytheyarestandingupintheworld.

Nolongercanpeopletalkabouttheglobaleconomywithoutincludingthecountrythathasgrownonaveragetenpercentayearforthreedecades.

Nolongercanwetalkabouttradewithoutthecountrythatisnowtheworld'slargestexporterandthirdlargestimporterandnolongercanwedebateenergysecurityorclimatechangewithoutthecountrythatisoneoftheworld'sbiggestconsumersofenergy.

Chinaisoncoursetoreclaim,laterthiscentury,itspositionastheworld'sbiggesteconomythepositionithasheldfor18ofthelast20centuries.AndanachievementofwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyproud.

Putsimply:

Chinahasre-emergedasagreatglobalpower.

Threatoropportunity

Nowpeoplecanreacttothisinoneoftwoways.

TheycanseeChina'sriseasathreatortheycanseeitasanopportunity.

TheycanprotecttheirmarketsfromChinaoropentheirmarketstoChina.

TheycantryandshutChinaoutorwelcomeChinain,toanewplaceatthetoptableofglobalaffairs.

TherehasbeenachangeofGovernmentinBritainandachangeofPrimeMinister.

ButonthisvitalpointthereisabsolutecontinuitybetweenmygovernmentandtheGovernmentsofTonyBlairandGordonBrown.

WewantastrongrelationshipwithChina.Strongontrade.Strongoninvestment.Strongondialogue.

ImadethatclearasLeaderoftheOppositionwhenIvisitedBeijingandChongqingthreeyearsago.

AndIrepeatitasPrimeMinisterhereinChina'scapitaltoday.

IntheargumentabouthowtoreacttotheriseofChinaIsayit'sanopportunity.

Ichooseengagementnotdisengagement.

Dialoguenotstand-off.

Mutualbenefit,notzero-sumgame.

Partnershipnotprotectionism.

Britainisthecountrythatarguesmostpassionatelyforglobalisationandfreetrade.

FreetradeisinourDNA.

AndwewanttradewithChina.Asmuchofitaswecanget.

That'swhyIhavewithmeonthisvisitoneofthebiggestandmosthigh-powereddelegationsaBritishPrimeMinisterhaseverledtoChina.

JustthinkaboutsomeoftheprizesthattheriseofChinacouldhelptobringwithinourgrasp.

Strong,andsustainablegrowthfortheglobaleconomy.

VitalprogressontheDohatraderoundwhichcouldaddUS$170billiontotheglobaleconomy.

Arealchancetogetbackontracktowardsalegallybindingdealonemissions.

Unprecedentedprogressintacklingpoverty

Chinahaslifted500millionpeopleoutofpovertyinjustthirtyyears.

Althoughthereisstillalongwaytogo-that'smorepeopleliftedoutofpovertythanatanytimeinhumanhistory.

Youcanseetheresultsrightacrossthisenormouscountry.

WhenIworkedinHongKongbrieflyin1985,Shenzhenwasbarelymorethanasmalltown,surroundedbypaddyfieldsandwaterways.

TodayitisacitylargerthanLondon.Itmakesmostoftheworld'siPodsandoneintenofitsmobilephones.

Andthereareotherbenefitstoointacklingtheworld'smostintractableproblems.

Iwelcomethefact,forexample,thatmorethan900ChinesedoctorsnowworkinAfricancountriesandthatinUgandaitisaChinesepharmaceuticalfirmthatisintroducinganewanti-malarialdrug.

SoIwanttomakethepositivecasefortheworldtoseeChina'sriseasanopportunitynotathreat.

ButChinaneedstohelpustomakethatargumenttodemonstratethatasyoureconomygrows,sodooursharedinterests,andoursharedresponsibilities.

WeshareaninterestinChina'sintegrationintotheworldeconomy,whichisessentialforChina'sdevelopment.

IfwearetomaintainEurope'sopennesstoChina,wemustbeabletoshowthatChinaisopentoEurope.

Soweshareaninterestinaninternationalsystemgovernedbyrulesandnorms.

Weshareaninterestineffectivecooperativegovernance,includingfortheworldeconomy.

Weshareaninterestinfightingprotectionismandinaco-ordinatedrebalancingbetweensurplusanddeficitcountries.

Theseinterests,thoseresponsibilitiesarebotheconomicandpolitical.

Letmetakeeachinturn.

Economicresponsibilities

First,economicresponsibilities.

Let'sgetstraighttothepoint.

Theworldeconomyhasbeguntogrowagainafterthecrisis.

Butthatgrowthisveryuneven.

LedbyChina,Asiaandotheremergingmarketsaregrowingquickly.

Butinmuchoftheadvancedworldgrowthisslowandfragileandunemploymentstubbornlyhigh.

Weshouldnotbesurprisedatthis.

Thecrisishasdamagedmanyadvancedeconomiesandweakenedtheirfinancialsectors.

Theyfacemajorstructuralandfiscaladjustmentstorebalancetheireconomies.

Thisistrueofmyowncountry.

Weknowwhatstepsweneedtotaketorestorethepublicfinancesandrebalanceoureconomytowardsgreatersavingandinvestmentandgreaterexports.

Andwehavebeguntotakethem.

Butfortheworldeconomytobeabletogrowstronglyagain-andtogrowwithoutcreatingthedangerouseconomicandfinancialinstabilitiesthatledtothecrisis,weneedmorethanjustadjustmentintheadvancedworld.

Thetruthisthatsomecountrieswithcurrentaccountsurpluseshavebeensavingtoomuchwhileotherslikeminewithdeficitshavebeensavingtoolittle.

Andtheresulthasbeenadangeroustidalwaveofmoneygoingfromonesideoftheglobetotheother.

Weneedamorebalancedpatternofglobaldemandandsupply,amorebalancedpatternofglobalsavingandinvestment.

Nowsometimeswhenyouhearpeopletalkabouteconomicimbalances,itcanseemasthoughcountriesthataresuccessfulatexportingarebeingblamedfortheirsuccess.

That'sabsolutelynotthecase.

Weallshareaninterestandaresponsibilitytoco-operatetosecurestrongandbalancedglobalgrowth.

ThereisnogreaterillustrationofthisthanwhathappenedtoChinaasthewesternbankingsystemcollapsedChineseexportsfell12percentgrowthdroppedtoitslowestpointinmorethanadecadeandsome20millionjobswerelostintheChineseexportsector.

Changesinthestructureofoureconomieswilltaketime.

Whatisimportantisthatthemajoreconomiesoftheworldhaveasharedvisionofthepathofthischange:

whatactionscountriesshouldavoid;whatactionscountriesneedtotakeand,crucially,overwhatperioditshouldhappen.

ThisiswhytheG20-andthemeetinginSeoul-issoimportant.

Togetherwecanagreeacommonapproach.

Wecancommittothenecessaryactions.

Wecanagreethatwewillholdeachothertoaccount.

AndjustasChinaplayedaleadingroleattheG20inhelpingtoavertaglobaldepressionsoitcanleadnow.

IknowfrommydiscussionswithPremierWenhowcommittedChinaistoactionstorebalanceitseconomy.

Chinaisalreadytalkingaboutmovingtowardsincreaseddomesticconsumptionbetterhealthcareandwelfaremoreconsumergoodsasitsmiddleclassgrowsandintimeintroducinggreatermarketflexibilityintoitsexchangerate.

Thiscannotbecompletedovernightbutitmusthappen.

Let'sbeclearabouttherisksifitdoesnotaboutwhatisatstakeforChinaandfortheUK-countriesthatdependonanopenglobaleconomy.

Attheworstpointofthecrisis,weavertedprotectionism.

Butatatimeofslowgrowthandhighunemploymentinmanycountriesthosepressureswillriseagainalreadyyoucanseethem.

Countrieswillincreasinglybetemptedtotrytomaximisetheirowngrowthandtheirownemployment,attheexpenseofothers.

Globalisation-theforcethathasbeensopowerfulindrivingdevelopmentandbringinghugenumbersintotheworldeconomycouldgointoreverse.

Ifwefollowthatpathwewillallloseout.

TheWestwouldloseforsure.ButsotoowouldChina.

Forthelasttwodecades,tradehasbeenaverypositivefactorinChina'sre-emergenceontheworldstage.

Ithasdrivenamazinggrowthandraisedthelivingstandardsofmillions.

TradehashelpedstitchbackChina'snetworkofrelationswithcountriesacrosstheworld.

Weneedtomakesurethatitdoesnotturnintoanegativefactor.

JustastheWestwantsgreateraccesstoChinesemarketssoChinawantsgreateraccesstoWesternmarketsanditwantsmarketeconomystatusintheEUtoo.

IhadveryconstructivetalkswithPremierWenonexactlythisissueyesterday.

IwillmakethecaseforChinatogetmarketeconomystatusintheEUbutChinaneedstohelp,byshowingthatitiscommittedtobecomingmoreopen,asitbecomesmoreprosperous.

AndweneedtoworktogethertodomoretoprotectintellectualpropertyrightsbecausethiswillgivemorebusinessesconfidencetocomeandinvestinChina.

UKcompaniesareuniquelyplacedtosupportChina'sdemandformorehighvaluegoodsforitsconsumers.

OurPavilionattheWorldExpoinShanghai-whichwontheGoldAwardforthebestPaviliondesign-wasashowcaseforsomanyofBritain'sstrengthsfromadvancedengineeringtoeducationfromgreatbrandstogreatpharmaceuticalbusinessesfromlowcarbontofinancialservicestothecreativeindustries.

Inalltheseareasandmanymore,BritishcompaniesandBritishexportscanhelpChinadelivertheprosperityandprogressitseeks.

WecanbepartofChina'sdevelopmentstrategy,justasChinaispartofours.

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