一般功能词汇.docx

一般功能词汇.docx

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一般功能词汇

一般功能词汇

词汇（一般视角）

分类

•逻辑关系

•事物数量

•变化

•事物/事件属性

第一类:

逻辑关系

（1）表示由于

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

dueto/becauseof/owningto/thanksto

词汇讲解：

dueto“由于，因…造成”，引导的短语在句中除可作状语（此时不用于句首）外，也可作表语或定语。

dueto后面不能接句子。

用法：

[例句]However,duetothestressfromwork,theycaneatsomeextractednutritionpillssuchasGNCseriesproductstomakeupforlossesofnotcookingfood.

[对应托福话题]Peoplewillspendlesstimeoncookingfood.

练习：

（）theheavypressurefromwork,youngpeoplehardlyhavetimetogobackhomeandtalkwiththeseniors.Somepeoplejustsendenoughmoneytothembutseldomtalkwiththem.

Duringseveraldecades,wehaveseenaobviouschange（）globalization.

AgroupofhighlyintelligentandcreativehumansfromNewMexico'ChacoCanyon,vanished（）aseveredrought.

（2）表示因此

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

therefore/hence/thus/asaconsequence/asaresult,consequently/sothat

词汇讲解：

therefore表示因此，可用在句首和句中都可以

用法：

[例句]Therefore,youngpeopleshouldexperienceavarietyofjobstoidentifythejobthatmostsuitsthem.

[对应托福话题]Youngpeopleshouldtakedifferentkindsofjobsbeforetheytakeacareerinalongterm.

练习：

（）,basicaestheticknowledgeisindispensibleforeverypersontobetaughtsinceheorsheisyoung.

（）,parentsshouldunderstandthisandlettheirchildrenlearnwhattheyareinterested.

Modernlifeismoreandmorecomplexand（），itisessentialforyoungpeopletohavetheabilitytoplanandorganize.

（3）表示导致产生

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

leadto/resultin/beresponsiblefor/giveriseto/cause/generate

词汇讲解：

leadto:

这个短语有两种解释，一是“通往、通向”：

Thepathledtothatvillage.第二种解释是“导致”：

Theleadershipofmycollegeclosestheireyestowasteofwaterandelectricity,leadingtheresourcesshortage.

用法：

[例句]Therefore,betterenvironmentwillleadtoaprofoundeffectonthedevelopmentofourcountry.

[对应托福话题]Improvingschoolsisthemostfactorinsuccessfuldevelopmentofcountry.

练习：

Whatisworse,Authorizingchildrenmoneywillalso（）disharmonyinafamily.

Foranother,somecountrieswastemuchmoneyonpreservethenationaltraditionalarts,whichcan（）layaheavyfinancialburdenonthearts.

Also,theperfectvisualeffectonscreen,tosomeextent,can（）riseontherateofTVprograms.

（4）表示转折

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

however/but/yet/nonetheless/nevertheless

词汇讲解：

however:

意为“可是，然而，尽管”，较but的意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。

其位置可以在句首，句末或插入句中。

当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。

用法：

[例句]However,eventhoughparentscanhelpchildrengetthroughthetemporarysituationsatpresent,childrenstillhavetomeetmorechallengingtaskinthefuturestudyandwork.

[对应托福话题]Parentsshouldallowchildrentomaketheirownchoicesratherthandeterminetheirchildren’sfutureforthem.

练习：

（）,parentsandeducatorsarehavingdifferentopinionsaboutwhethertelevisionadvertisingtoyoungchildrenshouldbeallowedornot.

（）,aslongasparentsfilteredthenegativeadvertisementsinadvance,theproblemcanbeaddressed.

（）,othersocialinstitutions,largecorporationsandaccomplishedalumnicanshoulderthedutytorewardthesocietybydonatingmoneytouniversities,wherethestirringideasforcivilizationandhumanprogresscomefrom.

（5）表示让步

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

although/though/eventhough/despite/despitethefactthat/inspiteof

词汇讲解：

despite：

意思是尽管，是介词，不是连词，所以不能用来引导句子，若其后要跟that从句，需插入thefact

用法：

[例句]However,weshouldconcedethatdespitethefactthattherearemanymeritsforchildrennottostudyartormusic,overextendedhighlightingitsgoodaspectswillbeindeedcounterproductive,evenharmful.

[对应托福话题]Youngerschoolchildren（agesfivetoten）shouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinadditiontomath,science,historyandlanguage.

练习：

（）theclearneedforadditionalgalleryandstoragespace,however,"themuseumhasnoplan,noplantobreakoutofitsenvelopeinthenextfifteenyears.

Inconclusion,despiteenormousindifferenceexistinginthecurrentsociety,weshouldenhancethecommunicationamongneighborhoodbecausewecanobtainmanybenefitsfromit.

Somuchdothosepeopleincontemporarysocietypayattentiontotheirappearancethattheyevenpursuitthem（）howcostlytheymaybe.

第二类:

事物数量

（1）表示很多

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

alarge/significant/vastnumberof/numerous/agreat/significantdeal（amount）of/plentyof

词汇讲解：

alarge/significant/vastnumberof/numerous接可数名词，表示很多个，agreat/significantdeal（amount）of/plentyof接不可数名词，表示很多，大量

用法：

[例句]Nowadaystechnologyhassimplifiedtheprocedureofalargenumberoftasksandoperations.

[对应托福话题]Technologyhasmadechildrenlesscreativethantheywereinthepast.

练习：

Personallyspeaking,Istillsticktotheideathathomecookingisbecomingalostartin（）households.

Thespokes-character,“I’mlovingit”withthecoloredfigureleftchildrendeepimpressionwhilememorizing（）basicfoodnameslikesandwiches,chicken,breakfast,salads,beverages,dessertsandcafeetc.

Toconclude,althoughuniversitiesneedmorebudgetstodobuildcampuses,remodellaboratoriesandrefilllibraries,（）socialorganizations,companiesandindividualscanraisefundforthem.

（2）表示很少

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

verylittle/veryfew/solittle/sofew/smallquantityof

词汇讲解：

little指的是几乎没有，接不可数名词，而alittle表示有一点儿的意思。

few有类似用法

用法：

[例句]Oncebeyondacertainthreshold,moneyhaslittleornoeffectonhappiness.ManywealthypeoplehaveexperiencedthisandarenothappieranymoreInfact,somewealthypeoplearecompletelyunhappy.

[对应托福话题]Mostbusinesspeoplearemotivatedonlybythedesireformoremoney.

练习：

（）peoplewilluseprintedbookssinceitisheavy,difficulttolookup,easytobeoutofdate.

Intwentyyears,therewillbe（）carsinusethantherearetoday?

Peoplewouldbehappierwith（）possessions.

（3）表示各种各样

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

diverse/various/unlike/dissimilar/distinct

词汇讲解：

diverse:

表示多样性的，各种不同属性的，名词形式diversity

用法：

[例句]Moreover,forsomepeoplewhosemajorsaregeneralsciences,suchaschemistry,physicsandsoforth,whichmeansitishardforthemtoselectaclear-cutcareer,tryingdiversejobsisnotarationaloptionaswell.

[对应托福话题]Youngpeopleshouldtryseveraldifferentjobsbeforetheytakealongtermcareer.

练习：

Thechildrenobtain（）messagesfromtheworldofrapiddevelopment,theyarecuriousaboutanythingandtheywanttotrynewthings.

Wearelivinginacolorfulworldwhichisfullof（）people.

Althoughsuchopinionholdsoneortwominoradvantages,yet,tomypointofview,themeritsofusing（）meanstoimprovehealthcarestillfaroutweighthoseoffocusingoncleaningtheenvironment.

（4）表示相同的

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

identical/indistinguishable/same/similar

词汇讲解：

diverse:

表示多样性的，各种不同属性的，名词形式diversity

用法：

[例句]Aspeoplealloveracountryallhavetheidenticalcultureatmosphere,theysharethesamewayofhowtolookatsomethingandevaluatesomething.

[对应托福话题]Peoplecanbenefitmorefromtravellingintheirowncountrythantravellinginforeigncountries.

（5）表示充足的

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

adequate/enough/sufficient/ample/generous/extensive

词汇讲解：

adequate:

足够的，指数量多，适合须要的数量

用法：

[例句]Wehumanbeingallareequalsincewewerebornandnodoubtweshareallthesamerightsandtreatmentwithadequatedignity.

[对应托福话题]Oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances.

练习：

Commentsfromnewspapersaremorecomprehensiveandinsightful,whichcouldbetrulyunderstood.Unlessthelivereportontelevision,commenterandnewswriterofnewspapersareprovided（）timetowritehigh-qualitycommentswithshrewdobservationandcalmthinking.

However,asthecompetitionaroused,todayonehastostruggletofindan（）jobforhimselfinordertomeetthebasicneedsofthefamily,nottomentiontheeffortstoachieveextrasuccess.

（6）表示不足的

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

lack/insufficient/inadequate

词汇讲解：

lack：

做动词的时候lack是及物动词，后面不能跟介词。

lack另外的一个正确用法是它还可以用作名词，这时候名词后面必须跟lackof

用法：

[例句]Duetotheproblemsofthechildrenalwaysfollowtheirparentsdirection,anincreasingnumberofyoungadultsaresufferingadefectlackofcapabilitytomaketheirownchoice,inanotherwords,insufficientcreativityandindependencewillresultinstudentssomehowdependtheirparentsinfuturelifeandlosetheabilitytoliveontheirown.

[对应托福话题]Parentsorotheradultrelativesshouldmakeimportantdecisionsfortheirolder（say15-18year-old）teenagechildren.

练习：

Herbehaviorindicatedthatshehada（）ofsenseofconfidenceandsafety,whichresultedfromthedivorceoftheirparents.

Additionally,therearecountlessbusinessprofitsinsidemedia,whichcouldalsocausethe（）oftruthinnewspapersormagazines.

第三类:

变化

（1）表示增加

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

boostincrease/rise/mushroom/skyrocket

词汇讲解：

boost:

表示提高，提升，但是有迅速提高的含义，课用于数量的提高或者抽象意义比如职业生涯的提高

用法：

[例句]Enablingchildrentomakeowndecisionscanboosttheenthusiasmtostudy.

[对应托福话题]Parentsshouldallowchildrentomaketheirownchoicesratherthandeterminetheirchildren’sfutureforthem.

练习：

Beingtaughthowtomanagemoneyatayoungagewill（）theircareer

Mostimportant,allthefactorsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationandcooperatedwitheachother;onlyinthiswaycanwe（）thequalityoftheeducation.

（2）表示减少

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

decrease/dwindle/reduce/cut/trim/slash/deplete

词汇讲解：

decrease:

做不及物动词使用时常用结构为，名词+decrease，常用的名词有temperature,pressure,price,rate,efficiency,volume等。

短语decreaseto表示“减少到”。

decrease做及物动词使用时常用结构为decrease+名词,后面常用的搭配词有number,amount,rate,speed,pressure,concentration,capacity,power等。

用法：

[例句]Thisisthebestchanceforchildrenhadparentstodecreasethegenerationgap.

[对应托福话题]Isitimportantforfamiliestoregularlyeattheirmealstogether?

第四类:

事物/事件属性

（1）表示重要的

重点单词和搭配：

单词：

significant,crucial，essential,vital,integral,fundamental,basic,highpriority

搭配：

beof…significanceto,