英国文学史课程论文分解.docx

英国文学史课程论文分解.docx

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英国文学史课程论文分解

英国文学史课程论文

LakePoetsinthehistoryofEnglishliterature

英国文学史上的湖畔诗人

院（系）名称

外国语学院

专业名称

英语

学生姓名

程路佳

学生学号

1201200127

课程教师

刘鹏飞

2015年12月23日

LakePoetsinthehistoryofEnglishliterature

Auther:

ChengLujia

Tutor:

LiuPengfei

Abstract

TheLakePoetsorLakeSchoolwasagroupofEnglishpoets:

SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey,andWilliamWordsworth.Theylivedinthe“lakedistrict”innorthwesternEngland.Thisgroupwaspartoftheromanticmovementofthelate1700’sandearly1800’s.TheywereinspiredbytheFrenchrevolutionandtheEnglishIndustrialRevolution.Theymadeboldexperimentsonpoetrywriting,nomatternopoetrylanguageseekingorsubjects.Wordsworthwasregardedas“worshipperofnature”.Coleridgewasnotonlyapoetbutalsoacritic.WhileSoutheypaymorehisattentiontohisdemocraticcommunityinAmericaknownas“Pantisocracy”.

Keywords:

TheRomanticPeriod,Nature,Supernature,Imagination,Innovation,Simplelanguage,Innerworld,Spirit,Commonlife,Democratic,Pantisocracy

英国文学史上的湖畔诗人

摘要

湖畔诗人就是一组英国诗人，SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey,andWilliamwordsworth.他们居住在英格兰东北的“湖区”是18世纪至19世纪时期浪漫主义运动的一部分。

受到法国大革命和英国工业革命的影响，他们在诗歌创作方面做了大胆的改革，无论是在诗语言还是主题的选择上都有独到的见解。

Williamwordsworth被人誉为自然的膜拜者。

SamuelTaylorColeridge不但是著名的诗人，也是一流的文学批评家。

然而,RobertSouthey却更为将精力注意到人人平等的大同社会上来。

关键词：

浪漫主义时期，自然，超自然，想象，改革，简化语言，内在世界，精神实质，平民生活，民主，大同社会

LakePoetsinthehistoryofEnglishliterature

TheEnglishromanticismasahistoricalphraseofliteratureisgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798andendedin1832.however,atthisgreatperiod,therearethreegreatpoetswhocannotbeignored,SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey,andWilliamWordsworth.

Thesethreepoetsareknownasthe“LakePoets”,becausetheyoncesettledatDoveCottageinCashmere,Westmoreland,andtheloveliestspotintheEnglishLakeDistrict.

TheLakePoetsplayatransitionalrolebetweenoldandnewstylesinthepoetrydevelopmentinliteraturehistoryespeciallyintheEnglishhistory.Intheirworksweseetheinfluencefromboththepastandthemodern.

⑴

Duringtheromanticperiod,therehavebeengreatchangesinbothEuropeansocietyandeconomy,whichwereactuallyprovokedbytwoimportantrevolutions,theFrenchrevolutionandtheEnglishindustrialrevolution.Andasaresult,someofthegreatimaginativewritingsintheromanticperiodsprangfromtheconfrontationofradicalsandconservativesatthecloseofthe18thcentury.While“thelakepoets“choosenature,imaginationastheirpoeticsubjects,othergreatpoets,suchasGeorgegardenByron,showedalastingcontemptforwhatheconsideredthecommonplaceandvulgarityofthe“lakepoets”.Becausetheythinkthe“lakepoets”,tosomeextent,aretooconservationintheirperiod.

Theotherkeyelementfortheexitingofthe“lakepoets”isthecrueleconomicexploitation.AsaconsequenceoftheEnglishindustrialrevolution,theEuropeansocietyemergedanewlaborclass.Thoughthesocialwealthhadbeenincreasedbyseveraltimes,itwasonlytherichwhoownedthiswealth.Themajorityofthepeoplewerestillpoor,orevenpoorer.Theromanticswiththe“lakepoets”asaleadersawboththecorruptionofthefeudalsocietiesandtheexploitationinmoderncapitalistsociety.Undersuchcondition,the“lakepoets”emphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual’smind.Wordsworththesolitaryreaper,Coleridgefrostatnight,Southeywinterareallsuchpoems.

Sowecanseetheypaymoreattentiontoportraytheindividual’sexperience.It’satypicalcharacterofthe“LakePoets”toplacetheindividualatthecenterofartinordertoexpresshisorheruniquefeelingsandparticularattitudes.

⑵

WiththecomingoftheFrenchRevolutionin1978,andtheprimarilyagriculturalsocietyreplacedbyamodernindustrializedone,thesethreepoetsinspiredanentirenewpoeticrevolution.

Atfirst,theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicliterature.Theyexplorednewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.Asweallknow,theneoclassicistshadsomefixedrulesandlawsforalmosteverygenreofliterature.Poetryshouldbelyrical,didacticsatiricordramaticandbestrictlydudedbyprinciples.Theneoclassicistsalsoemphasizeduponreasonandintellect.However,theromanticsstartedapoeticrevolution.SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobotSouthey,andWilliamWordsworth,withthepublicationofLyricalBallads,werethemajorrepresentativesofthismovement.Wecangetsuchideasfromthefollowingexamples:

theancientmarinerwrittenbyColeridge;theprelude-⑴writtenbyWordsworth.Inthesefamouspoems,wecanseetheyhavemadeboldexperimentsinpoeticlanguage,versificationanddesign.

Second,theybelievethatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualandthesociety.Atonehand,theychosetolivebythelakesidesoastoescapefromtherationalanduglysociety.Atotherhand,theyalsowanttoachievetheirwishfulsocietyintheimagination.

1.imaginationandinspiration,definedbyColeridge,isregardedassomethingcrucialfortruepoetry.

KublaiKhan,asweallknow,wascomposedinadreamafterColeridgetookopium.

“Sotwicefivemilesoffertileground,withwallsandtowersweregirdledround;

Andthereweregardensbrightwithsinuousrills,whereblossomedmanyanincense-bearingtree;

Andherewereforestsancientasthehills,enfoldingsunnyspotsofgreenery.”-⑵

Whenwereadthesegreatlines,wearedeeplyimpressedbytheimageoftheriver,themagnificentpalaceandothermarvelous.Wecanhardlybelievetheywereworkedoutinhisunconsciousness.SimilarexamplescanalsobefoundfromworksofrobotSouthey,whichcontainedalotofvaguelyhindtales.

2.Thenatureworldisthefirstthingcominginto“poets“imagination.

“Iwanderedlonelyasacloud,

Thefloatsonhighovervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidesthelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.”-⑶

Wordsworthwrotethisbeautifulpoemofnatureafterhecameacrossalongbeltofgolddaffodilsalongthewaterside.Inthispoem,natureisnotonlyhissourceofimaginationbutalsohispoeticsubject.Butwhenwereaditsecondtime,maybewecanrealizethatthewriterwantstorecollectthebeautyofnatureinhismindwhileheisinthesolitude.

⑶

SincetheLakePoetsreferstothreegreatEnglishpoets,let’sappreciatethemrespectively.

1.WilliamWordsworth

WilliamWordsworthisaleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry.ThemostimportantcontributionhehasmadeisthathehasnotonlystartedthemodernpoetrybutalsochangedthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingcoordinatorspeechofthelanguageandbyadvocatingareturntonature.

WilliamWordsworthwasborninanattorneyfamily.Asyoungboy,hedevelopedakeenloveofnature,whichinfluencedallhisrestlife.AftertheFrenchRevolution,hisheartwasstirredandhisimaginationfired.HoweverWilliamWordsworthwasconservativeinpolitics,whichperkybyShelleyandGeorgeGordonByronwerestronglyagainst.

WilliamWordsworthhadalongpoeticcareer.Thoughhislife,hefinishedmanypoemvolumes.Butmaybethemostfamousoneislyricalballads.Thatisbecausethisvolumesdifferentfromhisearlypoetry,withanuncompromisingsimplelanguageandfusionofnaturedescription.ThepreludeisalsoamonghisbestworksandisregardedasoneofWilliamWordsworth’sgreatestworksbymanycritics.Becauseheexpressedhisphilosophyideasinit.Tohim,lifeisacyclicaljourney,inwhichthebeginningfinallyturnsouttobeitsend.

Accordingtothesubjects,WilliamWordsworth’sshortpoemscanbeclassifiedintotwogroups:

poemsaboutnatureandpoemsabouthumanlife.

WilliamWordsworthemphasizedthepicturesquescenesandgavethereadertheverylifeofnature.Heisregardedastheworshipperofnature.Butwecanalsofindadeepermoralawarenessinhispoems.Tohim,natureactsasabridgebetweenhumanandcertaincircumstance.

“Westoodtogether;andthatI,solong

Aworshipperofnaturehithercame

Unweariedinthatservice:

rathersay

Withwarmerlove-oh!

Withfardeeperzeal

Ofholierlove.Norwiltthouthenforget,

Thataftermanywanderings,manyyears

Ofabsence,thesesteepwoodsandloftycliffs,

Andthisgreenpastorallandscape,weretome

Moredear,bothforthemselvesandforthysake”

B.thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearealsohisusualsubject.Hissympathyalwaysgoestothesufferingpoor.The“Lucypoems”describesayoungcountrygirllivingasimplelifeinaremotevillage.Intheistpoem,Williamwordsworthusedsimplelanguagetogivethereaderthescenesandeventsofeverydaylife.Inhisopinion,thespeechofordinarypeoplewastherawmaterialofpoetrywriting.Byusinglimitedlanguage,Williamwordsworthworkedoutaneternaltheme,loveandloiss,timeanddeath.”thesolitaryreaper””toahighlandgirl”areallhismasterpiecesabouthumanlife.

2.SamuelTaylorColeridge

SamuelTaylorColeridgeisasonofaclergyman.Whenhewasyoung,hewasalonelysadboy,fullofdreamsinhismind.HoweverafterhavingmetRobotsouthy,hewasinspiredbytheradicalthinkerswiththeiridealism.HeevenjoinedtheRobotSoutheyinplottingademocraticcommunityinAmerica,named‘pantisocracy’.butgenerallyspeaking,hewasaconservativepoet.Heopposedtherationalistictrendsof18thcenturythought.Inhisopinion,”apoetshouldrealizethevagueintimationderivedfromhisunconsciousnesswithoutsacrificingthevitalityoftheinspiration.”-⑷

SamuelTaylorColeridgeisalsoagoodcriticinhisperiod.HislecturesonShakespeareprovedtobeverysuccessful.Asapoet,hemaintai