定语从句与宾语从句练习含答案之欧阳法创编.docx
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定语从句与宾语从句练习含答案之欧阳法创编
定语从句与宾语从句
时间:
2021.03.09
创作:
欧阳法
定语从句
一.定语从句的基本概念
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词where,when,why。
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
例:
Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.
二.关系代词和关系副词的功能
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语,关系副词可作状语。
1.作主语:
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。
例:
Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.
2.作宾语
例:
SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.
3.作定语:
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
例:
What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosefatherisadoctor?
4.作状语
例:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
三.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例:
Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。
例:
Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?
3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。
例:
Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.
4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时可省略。
例:
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.
5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时可省略。
例:
Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。
例:
I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。
例:
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
【注意】关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面。
例:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.
=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
四.特殊用法
1.只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。
例:
Allthathesaidistrue.
(2)先行词被only,no,any,oneof等词修饰时。
例:
ThegiantpandaisoneofthemostlovelyanimalsintheworldthatliveinthemountainsofChina.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例:
ThedeskisthesecondthingthatIhavemade..
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
例:
ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear.
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例:
Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatheremembered.
2.只用which不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从中。
例:
Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
(2)定语从句由介词+关系
代词引导,先行词是物时。
例:
Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.
定语从句练习
1.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage________hevisitedfiveyearsago.
A.whereB.whoC.that
2.Thegirl________isreadingismysister
A.whoB.whomC.which
3.Theyliketoliveinahouse________isnotverybigbutbrightandcomfortable.
A.thatB.whoC.what
4.Whenshegothome,thefirstthing________shedidwastocleanthehouse.
A.whichB.whatC.that
5.RunningmanisaveryrelaxingTVprogram________ishotamongtheyoungpeople.
A.whatB.whichC.who
6.Thephoto________takenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.
A.whichwereB.thatwereC.whichwas
7.Chinahastheworld’slongesthighspeedrailway________weareproudof.
A.thatB.whichC.what
8.Thosepeopleandexcitingstories________happenedinthemoviearewellworthlearningtous.
A.whichB.whoC.that
9.Idon'tlikethose________talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whoB.whoseC.which
10.Dad,I'mhungry.Dowehaveanythingtoeat?
Youcanhavesomebread________fromthesupermarket.It'sonthetable.
A.whichIambuyingB.thatIwillbuyC.thatIbought
11.Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?
I'mgoingtostartaclubtohelpstudents________notinterestedinschoolwork.
A.whoisB.thatisC.whoare
12.Don'teattoomuchjunkfood.
You'reright.However,Idolikethefood________tastesgood.
A.thatB.whatC.when
13.Hi,Kimmy.DoyouknowJamHsiao?
Sure.Heisapopularsinger________comesfromTaiwan.
A.whoB.whichC.Whom
14.Iwalkedinourgarden,________TomandJimweretryingabigsignontooneofthetrees.
A.whichB.whereC.that
15.Icanthinkofmanycases(例子)________studentsobviously(明显地)knewalotofEnglishwordsand
expressions(表达)butcouldn’twriteagoodessay(文章).
A.whyB.whichC.where
16.Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
Thereisnooneelse________,isthere?
A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturn
17.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,________thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhich
18.Alecaskedthepoliceman________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.
A.withhimB.whoC.withwhom
19.Thesunheatstheearth,________makesitpossibletogrowcrops.
A.whichB.thatC.where
20.Isthisthefactory________youvisitedlastweek?
A.whereB.whichC.when
宾语从句
一.宾语从句的分类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从
句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,没有实在的意义,在口语和
非正式文体中常常省略。
例:
Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导的宾语从句。
这
些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
例:
Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,
在口语中多用if。
例:
Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
二.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
特别强调:
它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
例:
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
注意:
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语
从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述句语序。
例:
Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk.”
Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.
“Wherearethetickets?
”Iaskedhim.
Iaskedhimwheretheticketswere.
三.宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,这就是时态呼应。
如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
例:
Pleasetelluswhereheis.
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
注意:
当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
例:
Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.
四.宾语从句和状语从句的区别
例:
(1)Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfine.
(2)Idon’tknowifthetrainhasarrived.
句
(1)中if引
导的是状语从句。
这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。
整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。
句
(2)中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’tknow的宾语。
整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法:
1.可以从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓
语动词之后。
2.从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词
时,词义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,
意为“当……的时候”。
3.从时态看。
if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:
从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作
相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,
则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
宾语从句练习
1.I’mafraidIcan’tremember________.
InBeijing,Ithink.
A.wheredidIfirstmeetyou
B.whereIfirstmetyou
C.whenIfirstmetyou
2.Canyoufindoutourcity________alotinthelastfewyears?
Yes.Theroadiswiderandthebuildingsaretaller.
A.haschangedB.changesC.changed
3.Doyouknow________Jennycomestoschooleveryday?
OfcourseIdo.Sheridesherbike.
A.whetherB.whenC.how
4.Areyousureyouhaveto?
It’sbeenverylate.
Idon’tknow________Icandoitifnotnow.
A.whereB.howC.when
5.Amy,doyouknowifDaniel________tothefarmwithustomorrowifit________?
Sorry,I’venoidea.
A.willgo;willrainB.willgo;rainsC.goes;willrain
6.Idon’tknowifhe________totheparty.Iwillletyouknowifhe________.
A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comes
7.Couldyoutellme________?
BysearchingtheInternet.
A.howyougottheinformation
B.whenyougottheinformation
C.howdidyougettheinformation
8.AreyouclearaboutthetripnextSaturday?
Onemorething.Iwanttoknow________.
A.thatMr.Yangwillgo
B.ifMr.Yangwillgoornot
C.whetherMr.Yangwillgo
9.Doyouknow________tomorrow?
A.whendidshecomeB.whenwillshecomeC.whenshewillcome
10.Couldyoutellme________?
A.whatshehaddonewiththenewspaper
B.whichisthewaytothenearesthospital
C.whichgateIshouldgo
11.Couldyoutellme________tomorrowmorning?
Well,itwillstartat9:
00o'clock.
A.whenthemeetingwillstart B.wherethemeetingstarts
C. whenthemeetingwouldstart
12.Youcan’timagine(想象)________whentheyreceivedtheirmedalsattheOlympics.
A.howweretheyexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howtheywereexcited
13.Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?
Infiveminutes.
A.howsoonwillthefilmbeginB.howsoonthefilmwillbegin
C.howlongthefilmhasbeenon
14.Doyouknow________?
Foramonth.
A. howlongwillshebeaway B.howlongshewillbeaway
C. howoftenwillshegothere
15.Idon’tknowifhisuncle________.Ithinkhe________ifitdoesn’train.
A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comes
参考答案:
定语从句:
15CAACB610CACAC1115CAABC1620BACAB
宾语从句:
15BACCB610AACCB1115ABBBB
时间:
2021.03.09
创作:
欧阳法