06 阅读理解C篇上海市高三英语二模专项汇编.docx

06 阅读理解C篇上海市高三英语二模专项汇编.docx

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06阅读理解C篇上海市高三英语二模专项汇编

06-2021年上海市高三英语二模真题专项训练之阅读理解C

Directions:

 Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

2021宝山二模

AccordingtoOxfordDictionaries,moralitymeans:

"Principlesconcerningthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongorgoodandbadbehavior."Thoughmoralityisarathersubjectivesubject,therearesomeprinciplesthatareuniversalacrossallculturesfoundbyanOxfordUniversitystudy:

"helpyourfamily,helpyourgroup,returnfavors,bebrave,obeysuperiors,divideresourcesfairly,andrespectothers'property".Thefactthatthesemoralsarefoundacross60culturesfromaroundtheworlddemonstratesthatmorality,thoughsubjective,isthecornerstoneofkeepingoursocietiestogether.Herearesomereasonstobemoral:

withoutmorality,asociallifeisalmostimpossibletomaintain;havingagoodreputationandhavingaclearconscienceispsychologicallyhealthy;andmostphilosophiesregardunselfishandprincipledbehaviorasimportant.

Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmorals,asocietycannotfunctioneffectively.Aconfusedsituationwouldappear.AccordingtotheSocietyofMorality,"Wearesocialanimals,andtheactionswetake-thethingswedoandthethingswedon'tdo-haveconsequencesonourenvironmentsandontheothersaroundus.Asaresult,weneedtobeabletogovernourbehaviorintheneartermsoasnottoinjureourselvesorourcommunityinthelongterm.Thissystemofcontrollingouractionsandourthoughtsinordertooperateinacommunityiswhatweoftenrefertoasmorality".Therefore,weneedasetofmoralsinordertooperatewithinasocialcircleandasocialenvironment.Actingimmoralusuallyresultsinbeingexcludedfromsocialactivitiesorbeingavoidedbyasocietybasedonlawsandculturalstandards.

Besidesactingmoralhavingasociologicalneed,italsohasapsychologicalbasis.Mostpeopleareconcernedtosomeextentabouttheirreputation.AccordingtoPsyPost,"Alotofeconomicmodelsofhumanbehaviorassumethatpeopleareonlyrational（理性的）whentheynarrowlypursuetheirownself-interest,buthistoryshowsusthatpeoplearealsotremendouslyconcernedwithbeingandappearingmoral".So,thefearofone'sreputationbeingdamagedisoftenastrongmotivatortobemoral.Andifsomeonehasbeenimmoral,mostpeoplegooutoftheirwaytomakesurenoonefindsout,ortocorrectthebehaviorinordertonotbecaught.Thisgoesinlinewithconscienceaswell.Peoplegenerallyfeelinabetterpsychologicalstateiftheyfeelthattheirconscienceisclean.Adirtyconsciencecanresultinalackofsleep,anxiety,internalstress,andevenillness.

Onthesideofphilosophy,thestudyofethics（伦理）comesintoplay.Mostphilosophersagreethatoneshouldrationallychooseasetofstandardsofbehaviorinordertofunction.Thoughthereismoralrelativism,thereareuniversalanthropological（人类学的）morals,asmentionedintheintroduction.Bythenatureofoursocietiesandcultures,wechoosewhatwebelieveisrightandwrong.Butsurprising,thisrationalbehaviorcomestoageneralagreementonmorals.So,thereisafinelinebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Butthemainthingtotakeawayfromthisdiscussionisthatphilosophersgenerallybelievethat3eachindividualhastherighttorationallycomeupwithasetofethicstoliveby,andthatitishealthytodoso.

63.Theauthordiscussesmorality（Paragraph1）inorderto___________.

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenmoralityandculture

B.describethemoralrulesfoundallaroundtheworld

C.contrastthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrong

D.introducethedefinition,principlesandreasonsofmorality

64.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.

A.actingmoralallowsustofitintogroupsbetter

B.moralitybringsthesystemofcontrollingbehaviors

C.actingimmoralweakenslawsandculturalstandards

D.Ourcontrolledbehaviorsestablishsetsofmorals

65.Whichofthefollowingisthepsychologicalbasisforactingmoral?

A.Pursuitofself-interest.B.Acleanconscience.

C.Theconcernaboutreputation.D.Adirtyconscience.

66.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Toreachageneralagreementonmoralsbasedonethics.

B.Tocarveone’sownsenseofethicstooperateinthisworld.

C.Tochoosebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.

D.Toexcludephilosophers’beliefsandsolutionsaswell.

答案63-66DACB

2021崇明二模

Aseismic（地震的；重大的）shiftinclimatesciencemightbeheatingup.

Newresearchshowsthatsoundwavesproducedbyearthquakescanbeusedtomeasuretemperaturesintheoceanwhichtraps90%oftheheatEarthabs