阅读理解猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧.docx
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阅读理解猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧
阅读理解猜词的题型特点与解题技巧
猜词不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会通过构词,定义,比较,对比,因果,上下文等线索来确定词义.
要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词,名词,形容词等),词义猜测题的常用提问方式有:
Theword“…….”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.
Theword“……..”ismostlikelytomean______.
Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“……..”standsfor?
Bysaying“……..”,wemean_______.
“……..”asisusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas_______.
Skill1利用构词法
1.利用构词法中的派生法(Derivation)----前缀/后缀
前缀一般不改变原有的词性,只改变词义;后缀通常改变词性,但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。
1).Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.
2).Intheworldofeconomicglobolization,differentnationsarebecomingmoreandmoreinterdependent.
2.利用构词法中的合成法(compounding)
3).ChildlaborersinDickens'novelswereill-treated.
4).FrancisChichestersailedaroundtheworldsingle-handed.
3.利用构词法中的转化法(conversion)
5).Theauthoremptiedallhispocketstofindhisticket.
6).ThereweresomanydemonstratorsintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.
Skill2:
利用定义/解释/举例等猜测词义
1)Whatisplagiarism?
Itisusingothers’ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.
2).Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.
3).Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.
4)Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:
TimeMagazine,NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.
注意标点符号如:
括号()冒号:
、破折号—
Skill3:
利用比较、对比、因果关系Skill3利用各种逻辑关系
1.利用比较(近义)/并列关系——关键词有similarly,likewise,justas,also,or,and等。
1)Peterlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.
2)Motherwastallandfat.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasalmostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.
3)Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.
4)Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.
5)Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.
Theunderlinedphrase“statelyhomes”means_____.A.state-ownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly
2.利用对比(反义)关系——关键词有incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while,inspiteof,ontheotherhand,nevertheless等。
1)AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.
2)Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones,butwefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve.
3).Mostofusagreed;however,Billdissented.
3.利用因果关系——关键词有because,since,for,as,so,inorderto,soasto,asaresult,thus,therefore等。
1).Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.
2).Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.
Skill4利用上下文的语境
1).Withoutproperidentification.BrainandStewiestowawayonaplanethattheythinkisleavingforEngland.(07上海)Thephrase“stowaway”mostprobablymeans_________.
A.hidesecretlyB.talkexcitedlyC.operateeasilyD.guidesuccessfully
2).Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.(07上海)
“Eco-friendlytents”refertotents________
A.economicallydesirableB.favorabletoenvironment
C.forholdingmusicperformancesD.designedfordisasterrelief
3).ThereasonwhyacountrylikeBritaindoesnotbuysnow-ploughs(扫雪机)isthattheyareusedforafewdaysinanyoneyear,andthemoneycouldbemoreusefulinotherthingssuchas
hospital,education,helpingtheoldandsoon.Theword“they”refersto_______.
A.snowfallsB.BritishpeopleC.snow-ploughsD.countrieslikeBritain
Skill5:
利用文化背景和生活常识
1).Warm-bloodeddesertanimals,suchasratsandmice,restduringtheday,oftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.
2).Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.
3).Mostoftheflowersarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecoldweather.
猜词练习
(一)
1.FoxwasauniversitystudentinBritishColumbiawhenhebecamesickwithbonecancer.Doctorshadtoamputatemostofhisrightleg.
Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“amputate”?
A.cureofB.cutoffC.takeawayD.leave
2.Peoplealreadyusemorethanhalfoftheworld’srenewablefreshwater.
Theword“renewable”referstothewaterthat_______.
A.isfreshandnewB.canbemadenewagain
C.canbemadecleanandusedagainD.canalwaysbereplacedwithnewwater.
3.Hundredsofyearsago,muchoftheHollandwasbelowsealevelandwasoftenfloodedbytheNorthSea.Thismadethelandswampy.
Whatdoestheword“swampy”mean?
A.DryandhardB.DesertedC.SoftandwetD.Rich
4.Thechildrenwhohaverecentlyexperiencedafamilybreakuphaveamoredifficulttimewiththeirstudythanchildrenfromnormalconsummatefamilies.
Whatdoestheword“consummate”mean?
A.largeB.wealthyC.completeD.poor
5.HemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway’sSchoolofAdventure,wherehelearnedaboutRidgway’scoldwaterexploits.Greatlyinterested,Saundersreadallhecould
aboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures(2006浙江)
Theword“exploits”isclosestinmeaningto__.
A.journeysB.researchesC.adventuresD.operations
6.FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermat(费马)intheseventeenthcentury,thetheorem(定理)hadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientist…(2003年广东)
Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”inthetext?
A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.
C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination
7.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.(2006安徽)
Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_______
A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimals
C.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat.
8.Theschoolarereluctanttotaketimeoff—eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentina
gamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.(2006福建)
Theunderlinedword“reluctant”inthepassagemayprobablymean___________.
A.kindB.unwillingC.freeD.careless
9.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehouses,andboats.Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofs
fromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.(2006重庆)
Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthepassagemeans___________.
A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotected
C.easytodamageD.difficulttofind
10.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.(2005广东)Theword“cultivated”roughlymeans______
A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed
11.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.(2006江西)
Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“exotic”?
A.MessyanduntidyB.Richandexpensive.
C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Foreignandunusual
12.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents,whichhasledtoariseinobesityamong
children.Whatdoestheword“obesity”mean?
A.ViolenceB.SadnessC.OverweightD.Weakness
13.AsnightfellonAmericaonSeptemberthe11th,2001,wefeltgriefandgreatsorrow.
Whatdoestheword“grief”mean?
A.DeterminationB.DisappointmentC.SadnessD.Despair
猜词练习
(二)
1.Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.(08年广东)
Theunderlinedwordgulfmostprobablymeans_________.
A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation
2.Thenextdaymydadpulledouthischildhoodpicturesandtoldmequiteafewstoriesabouthisownchildhood.Althoughourtimestogetherbecameeasierovertheyears,Ineverfeltclosertohimatthatmoment.Aftersomanyyears,I’matlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.Andinsodoing,I’mdelightedwithmynewfriend.Mydad,inhisnewhomeinArizona,isbacktomefromwherehewas.(08年海南)
Theunderlinedwords“mynewfriend”referto______.
A.theauthor’ssonB.theauthor’sfatherB.thefriendoftheauthor’sfatherD.thecaféowner
3.Timeissomethingfromwhichwecan’tescape.Evenifweignoreit,it’sstillgoingby,tickingaway,secondbysecond,minutebyminute,hourbyhour.Sothemainissueinusingyourtimewellis,“Who’sincharge?
”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Orwecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.(08年江苏)
Theunderlinedword“ally”mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis_________.
A.yourslaveandservesyouB.yoursupporterandhelpsyou
C.underyourcontrolandobeysyouD.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou
4.Somepoliticiansoftenusethistrick.Let’ssaythatduringGovernorSmith’slastterm,herstatelostonemillionjobsandgainedthreemillionjobs.Thensheseeksanotherterm.Oneofheropponents(对手)says,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatelostonemillionjobs!
”That’strue.However,andhoneststatementwouldhavebeen,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatehadanetgainoftwomillionjobs.”(08年全国2)
Whatdotheunderlinedwords“netgain”