阅读理解猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧.docx

阅读理解猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧.docx

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阅读理解猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧

阅读理解猜词的题型特点与解题技巧

猜词不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会通过构词,定义,比较,对比,因果,上下文等线索来确定词义.

要求猜测词义的词一般为实词（动词,名词,形容词等）,词义猜测题的常用提问方式有:

Theword“…….”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.

Theword“……..”ismostlikelytomean______.

Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“……..”standsfor?

Bysaying“……..”,wemean_______.

“……..”asisusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas_______.

Skill1利用构词法

1.利用构词法中的派生法（Derivation）----前缀/后缀

前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通常改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。

1）.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim．

2）.Intheworldofeconomicglobolization,differentnationsarebecomingmoreandmoreinterdependent.

2.利用构词法中的合成法（compounding）

3）.ChildlaborersinDickens'novelswereill-treated.

4）.FrancisChichestersailedaroundtheworldsingle-handed.

3.利用构词法中的转化法（conversion）

5）.Theauthoremptiedallhispocketstofindhisticket．

6）.ThereweresomanydemonstratorsintheRedSquarethathehadtoelbowhiswaythroughthecrowd.

Skill2:

利用定义/解释/举例等猜测词义

1）Whatisplagiarism?

Itisusingothers’ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.

2）.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.

3）.Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.

4）Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:

TimeMagazine,NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.

注意标点符号如:

括号（）冒号:

、破折号—

Skill3:

利用比较、对比、因果关系Skill3利用各种逻辑关系

1.利用比较（近义）/并列关系——关键词有similarly,likewise,justas,also,or,and等。

1）Peterlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.

2）Motherwastallandfat.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasalmostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.

3）Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.

4）Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.

5）Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.

Theunderlinedphrase“statelyhomes”means_____.A.state-ownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly

2.利用对比（反义）关系——关键词有incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while,inspiteof,ontheotherhand,nevertheless等。

1）AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.

2）Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，butwefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve．

3）.Mostofusagreed;however,Billdissented.

3.利用因果关系——关键词有because,since,for,as,so,inorderto,soasto,asaresult,thus,therefore等。

1）.Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.

2）.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

Skill4利用上下文的语境

1）.Withoutproperidentification.BrainandStewiestowawayonaplanethattheythinkisleavingforEngland.（07上海）Thephrase“stowaway”mostprobablymeans_________.

A.hidesecretlyB.talkexcitedlyC.operateeasilyD.guidesuccessfully

2）.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.（07上海）

“Eco-friendlytents”refertotents________

A.economicallydesirableB.favorabletoenvironment

C.forholdingmusicperformancesD.designedfordisasterrelief

3）.ThereasonwhyacountrylikeBritaindoesnotbuysnow-ploughs（扫雪机）isthattheyareusedforafewdaysinanyoneyear,andthemoneycouldbemoreusefulinotherthingssuchas

hospital,education,helpingtheoldandsoon.Theword“they”refersto_______.

A.snowfallsB.BritishpeopleC.snow-ploughsD.countrieslikeBritain

Skill5:

利用文化背景和生活常识

1）.Warm-bloodeddesertanimals,suchasratsandmice,restduringtheday,oftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.

2）.Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.

3）.Mostoftheflowersarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecoldweather.

猜词练习

（一）

1.FoxwasauniversitystudentinBritishColumbiawhenhebecamesickwithbonecancer.Doctorshadtoamputatemostofhisrightleg.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“amputate”?

A.cureofB.cutoffC.takeawayD.leave

2.Peoplealreadyusemorethanhalfoftheworld’srenewablefreshwater.

Theword“renewable”referstothewaterthat_______.

A.isfreshandnewB.canbemadenewagain

C.canbemadecleanandusedagainD.canalwaysbereplacedwithnewwater.

3.Hundredsofyearsago,muchoftheHollandwasbelowsealevelandwasoftenfloodedbytheNorthSea.Thismadethelandswampy.

Whatdoestheword“swampy”mean?

A.DryandhardB.DesertedC.SoftandwetD.Rich

4.Thechildrenwhohaverecentlyexperiencedafamilybreakuphaveamoredifficulttimewiththeirstudythanchildrenfromnormalconsummatefamilies.

Whatdoestheword“consummate”mean?

A.largeB.wealthyC.completeD.poor

5.HemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway’sSchoolofAdventure,wherehelearnedaboutRidgway’scoldwaterexploits.Greatlyinterested,Saundersreadallhecould

aboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures（2006浙江）

Theword“exploits”isclosestinmeaningto__.

A.journeysB.researchesC.adventuresD.operations

6.FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermat（费马）intheseventeenthcentury,thetheorem（定理）hadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientist…（2003年广东）

Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”inthetext?

A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.

C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination

7.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.（2006安徽）

Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_______

A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimals

C.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat.

8.Theschoolarereluctanttotaketimeoff—eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentina

gamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.（2006福建）

Theunderlinedword“reluctant”inthepassagemayprobablymean___________.

A.kindB.unwillingC.freeD.careless

9.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehouses,andboats.Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofs

fromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.（2006重庆）

Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthepassagemeans___________.

A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotected

C.easytodamageD.difficulttofind

10.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.（2005广东）Theword“cultivated”roughlymeans______

A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed

11.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.（2006江西）

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“exotic”?

A.MessyanduntidyB.Richandexpensive.

C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Foreignandunusual

12.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents,whichhasledtoariseinobesityamong

children.Whatdoestheword“obesity”mean?

A.ViolenceB.SadnessC.OverweightD.Weakness

13.AsnightfellonAmericaonSeptemberthe11th,2001,wefeltgriefandgreatsorrow.

Whatdoestheword“grief”mean?

A.DeterminationB.DisappointmentC.SadnessD.Despair

猜词练习

（二）

1.Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.（08年广东）

Theunderlinedwordgulfmostprobablymeans_________.

A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separation

2.Thenextdaymydadpulledouthischildhoodpicturesandtoldmequiteafewstoriesabouthisownchildhood.Althoughourtimestogetherbecameeasierovertheyears,Ineverfeltclosertohimatthatmoment.Aftersomanyyears,I’matlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.Andinsodoing,I’mdelightedwithmynewfriend.Mydad,inhisnewhomeinArizona,isbacktomefromwherehewas.（08年海南）

Theunderlinedwords“mynewfriend”referto______.

A.theauthor’ssonB.theauthor’sfatherB.thefriendoftheauthor’sfatherD.thecaféowner

3.Timeissomethingfromwhichwecan’tescape.Evenifweignoreit,it’sstillgoingby,tickingaway,secondbysecond,minutebyminute,hourbyhour.Sothemainissueinusingyourtimewellis,“Who’sincharge?

”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Orwecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.（08年江苏）

Theunderlinedword“ally”mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis_________.

A.yourslaveandservesyouB.yoursupporterandhelpsyou

C.underyourcontrolandobeysyouD.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou

4.Somepoliticiansoftenusethistrick.Let’ssaythatduringGovernorSmith’slastterm,herstatelostonemillionjobsandgainedthreemillionjobs.Thensheseeksanotherterm.Oneofheropponents（对手）says,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatelostonemillionjobs!

”That’strue.However,andhoneststatementwouldhavebeen,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatehadanetgainoftwomillionjobs.”（08年全国2）

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“netgain”