阅读理解猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧.docx

1、阅读理解猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧阅读理解猜词的题型特点与解题技巧 猜词不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会通过构词,定义,比较,对比,因果,上下文等线索来确定词义.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词,名词,形容词等),词义猜测题的常用提问方式有:The word “.” refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _.The word “.” is most likely to mean_.What do you think the expression “.” stands for

2、?By saying “.”, we mean _.“.” as is used in the passage can best be defined as _.Skill1 利用构词法1. 利用构词法中的派生法（Derivation）-前缀/后缀前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通常改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。1). When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him 2). In the world of economic globolizatio

3、n, different nations are becoming more and more interdependent. 2. 利用构词法中的合成法（compounding）3). Child laborers in Dickens novels were ill-treated. 4). Francis Chichester sailed around the world single-handed. 3. 利用构词法中的转化法（conversion）5). The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket6). There w

4、ere so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. Skill2: 利用定义/ 解释/ 举例等猜测词义1) What is plagiarism? It is using others ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from. 2). Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.

5、3). Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 4) You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Time Magazine, News Weekly, Readers Digest , The New Yorkers.注意标点符号如: 括号( ) 冒号: 、破折号Skill3: 利用比较、对比、因果关系Skill3 利用各种逻辑关系1. 利用比较(近义)/并列关系关键词有si

6、milarly, likewise, just as, also, or ,and 等。 1) Peter loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 2) Mother was tall and fat. The principal of the school was almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 3) Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also

7、regard drinking as harmful. 4) Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television.5) Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. The un

8、derlined phrase “stately homes” means_. A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly2. 利用对比（反义）关系关键词有in contrast, on the contrary , unlike, however, but, despite, while, in spite of, on the other hand, nevertheless

9、等。1)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 2)Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，but we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve 3). Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.3. 利用因果关系关键

10、词有 because, since, for, as, so, in order to, so as to, as a result, thus, therefore等。1). Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 2). The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Skill4

11、利用上下文的语境1). Without proper identification. Brain and Stewie stow away on a plane that they think is leaving for England.（07上海） The phrase “ stow away ” most probably means _.A. hide secretly B. talk excitedly C. operate easily D. guide successfully 2). In a victory of green business that is certain

12、to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home. （07上海） “ Eco-friendly tents” refer to tents_ A. economically desirable B. favorable to

13、 environment C. for holding music performances D. designed for disaster relief3). The reason why a country like Britain does not buy snow-ploughs (扫雪机) is that they are used for a few days in any one year, and the money could be more useful in other things such as hospital, education, helping the ol

14、d and so on. The word “ they” refers to_. A. snowfalls B. British people C. snow-ploughs D. countries like BritainSkill5: 利用文化背景和生活常识1).Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. 2).The snake slithered through the grass.3). Mos

15、t of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold weather. 猜词练习（一）1.Fox was a university student in British Columbia when he became sick with bone cancer. Doctors had to amputate most of his right leg. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “ amputate”? A. cure of B. cut off C. t

16、ake away D. leave2. People already use more than half of the worlds renewable fresh water. The word “ renewable” refers to the water that _. A. is fresh and new B. can be made new again C. can be made clean and used again D. can always be replaced with new water. 3. Hundreds of years ago, much of th

17、e Holland was below sea level and was often flooded by the North Sea. This made the land swampy. What does the word “ swampy” mean?A. Dry and hard B. Deserted C. Soft and wet D. Rich 4. The children who have recently experienced a family breakup have a more difficult time with their study than child

18、ren from normal consummate families. What does the word “consummate” mean? A. large B. wealthy C. complete D. poor5.He met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgways School of Adventure, where he learned about Ridgways cold water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he coulda

19、bout North Pole explorers and adventures (2006 浙江) The word “ exploits” is closest in meaning to _. A. journeys B. researches C. adventures D. operations6. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat(费马)in the seventeenth century, the theorem(定理) had baffled and beaten the finest

20、mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist （2003年广东）Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” in the text? A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding. C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit peoples imagi

21、nation7.Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. ( 2006 安徽)By describing lions as “ opportunists”, the author means to say that lions _A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat.8. Th

22、e school are reluctant to take time offeven teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. (2006 福建) The underlined word “reluctant” in the passage may probably mean_. A. kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless9.Early human beings used very fragile houses , and b

23、oats. Often strong winds would tear roofsfrom houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. Peoples food supplies were similarly vulnerable. (2006 重庆) The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage means_. A. impossible to make sure of B. likely to be protected C. easy to damage D. difficul

24、t to find10.Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. (2005广东) The word “ cultivated” roughly means_ A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed 11. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objec

25、ts on display. (2006 江西) Which of the following is closest in meaning to “exotic”? A. Messy and untidy B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming D. Foreign and unusual12. Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among children. What does the w

26、ord “ obesity” mean?A. Violence B. Sadness C. Overweight D. Weakness 13. As night fell on America on September the 11th, 2001, we felt grief and great sorrow.What does the word “ grief ” mean? A. Determination B. Disappointment C. Sadness D. Despair 猜词练习（二） 1. Music was not the only gulf. From cloth

27、ing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.(08年 广东)The underlined word gulf most probably means _.A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation 2. The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures

28、 and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, Im at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, Im delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home i

29、n Arizona, is back to me from where he was. （08年 海南）The underlined words “my new friend” refer to _.A. the authors son B. the authors father B. the friend of the authors father D. the caf owner3. Time is something from which we cant escape. Even if we ignore it, its still going by, ticking away, sec

30、ond by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Whos in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally. （08年 江苏）The underlined word “ally” most likely means somebody or something that is _

31、. A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you4. Some politicians often use this trick. Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smiths term, the state lost one million jobs!” Thats true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smiths term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.” （08年 全国2）What do the underlined words “net gain”