大学英语精读第四册12.docx

大学英语精读第四册12.docx

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大学英语精读第四册12

BookFourLessonTwelve

abdomen[]n.1.therearmostsectionofaninsect（昆虫）腹部2.thepartofthebodybelowthechestthatcontainsthestomach,bowels,etc.腹（部）

architect[]n.1.apersonwhosejobisdesigningbuildings,etc.建筑师2.apersonwhoisresponsibleforplanningorcreatinganidea,aneventorasituation设计师;缔造者；创造者：

hewasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftherevolution.

[词形变换]architecturen..建筑学；建筑风格；体系结构

authoritatively[]adv.showingauthority有权威地；命令地

[词形变换]authoritativea.命令式的，专断的，权威的：

anauthoritativetoneofvoice2.权威性的：

themostauthoritativeandup-to-datebookonthesubject.

bearings[]n.1.[u]~onsth.thewayinwhichsth.isrelatedtosth.orinfluenceit关系；影响：

recenteventshadnobearingsonourdecision.2.[sing.]thewayinwhichyoustand,walkorbehave姿态；举止：

herwholebearingwasalert.3.[c]（technical术语）adirectionmeasuredfromafixedpointusingacompass（用罗盘测定的）方位

[常用短语]get/find/takeyourbearings熟悉环境：

Jim’llshowyouaroundandhelpyougetyourbearings.loseyourbearings迷失方向；不知所措it'seasytoloseyourbearingswhenyou’reinabigforest.

blonde[bl]n.awomanwithhairthatispalegoldincolor金发女郎:

Issheanaturalblonde?

[补充意义]：

a.（alsoblonde）1.（ofhair头发）palegoldincolor金黄色的2.（ofaperson）havingblondehair头发金黄色的：

asmall,blondeboy

bolt[b]n.1.ashortheavyarrowshotfromacrossbow弩箭2.alongpieceoffabricwoundinarollaroundapieceofcardboard一匹（布）

[补充意义]：

v.1.tofastensth.byslidingaboltacross用插销闩上：

thegateboltsontheinside.

2.[v]ifananimal,especiallyahorsebolts,itsuddenlyrunsawaybecauseitisfrightened（马等受惊）脱缰3.[vn]~aandbtogether:

tofastenthingstogetherwithabolt用螺栓固定在一起：

thevariouspartsofthecararethenboltedtogether.4.[v][usually+adv./prep.]（ofaperson）torunaway,especiallyinordertoescape跑开；（尤指）逃跑：

whenhesawthepolicearrive,hebolteddownanalley.5.[vn]~sth.（down）:

toeatsth.veryquickly狼吞虎咽：

don'tboltyourfood!

6.（ame）tostopsupportingaparticulargrouporpoliticalparty停止支持（某团体或政党）：

[vn]manydemocratsboltedthepartytovoterepublican.7.[v]（ofaplant.especiallyavegetable植物，尤指蔬菜）togrowtooquicklyandstartproducingseedsandsobecomelessgoodtoeat过早结实（因而食用价值降低）

adv.sit/standboltupright:

tositorstandwithyourbackstraight背部笔挺地坐/站；坐/站得笔直

[常用短语]

aboltfromtheblue突如其来的事件（或消息）boltthedoor把门闩好garlicbolt蒜苗makeaboltforsth./makeaboltforit迅速逃跑，溜走

[同义词]vi.fleebreakn.fastener

boulder[b]n.alargerockwornandshapedbywaterorweather巨头，漂砾

contrived[adj.plannedinadvanceandnotnaturalorgenuine;writtenorarrangedinawaythatisnotnaturalorrealistic预谋的，不自然的，人为的，矫揉造作的，做作的:

thebook’shappyendingseemedcontrived.

[近义词辨析]hokeyadj.expressingemotionsinawaythatseemsexaggeratedorsilly.<美俚>虚情假意的，做作的；stiltedadj.（ofawayofspeakingorwriting言谈或写作）notnaturalorrelaxed;tooformal生硬的，不自然的；artificialadj.createdbypeople;notwhatitappearstobe人为的，虚假的

crawl[v.[I+adv./prep]1.tomoveforwardonyourhandsandknees,withyourbodyclosetotheground爬；爬行；匍匐前进：

thebabyoftencrawlsonallfours.2.whenaninsectcrawls,itmovesforwardonitslegs（昆虫）爬行：

there’saspidercrawlingupyourleg.3.tomoveforwardveryslowly缓慢行进：

theheavytrafficcrawledthroughthenarrowtunnel.4.（tosb.）tobetoofriendlyorhelpfultosb.inauthority,inawaythatisnotsincere,especiallyinordertogetanadvantagefromthem卑躬屈膝；谄媚；巴结；拍马屁:

she’salwayscrawlingtotheboss.

[常用短语]becrawlingwithsth.（非正式）挤满；爬满：

theplacewascrawlingwithjournalists.

crawlto献媚奉承，拍马；one’sskin（flesh）crawl起鸡皮疙瘩

[补充义]n.1.averyslowspeed缓慢的速度：

thetrafficslowedtoacrawl.2.（oftenthecrawl）

爬泳；自由泳：

aswimmerdoingthecrawl.

[近义词辨析]creep,climb,crawl都有“爬”的意思。

creep:

多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。

也指植物的蔓延生长等。

climb:

通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日、月的上升，还可用作比喻。

crawl:

指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。

[典型考题]heknewthatifheoncefellintothatabysshewouldnever___outofit.

A.runB.jumpC.crawlD.limp

分析：

c.句意：

他知道一旦他掉进万丈深渊，就再也不可能爬出来。

crawl爬行，匍匐而行，当人掉进万丈深渊就只能向上爬行，强调旅程艰难。

crisscross[v.（crisscrossed,crisscrossed,crisscrossing）[i,t]tomakeapatternonsth.withmanystraightlinesthatcrosseachother构成十字形（或交叉）图案的：

thecityiscrisscrossedwithcanals.

[补充义]adj.withmanystraightlinesthatcrosseachother十字交叉的；纵横交错的：

acrisscrosspattern.

curl[v.（curled,curled,curling）1.[i,t]toformormakesth.formintoacurlorcurls卷；（使）拳曲：

hishaircurlsnaturally.2.[I+adv./prep;t+obj.+adv/prep]toformormakesth.formintoacurvedshape（使）成拳曲状；蜷缩：

shecurledherlegsupunderher.3.[I+adv/prep;t+obj+adv/prep]tomovewhileformingintoatwistedorcurvedshape;tomakesth.dothis（使）呈螺旋（或卷曲）移动；（使）旋绕；缭绕：

thesmokecurledsteadilyupwards.4.[I,T]ifyoucurlyourliporyourlipcurls,youmoveyourlipupwardsandsidewaystoshowthatyouthinksb./sth.isstupidorthatyouarebetterthantheyare撅起（嘴唇）；撇（嘴）

[常用短语]curlup（使）蜷曲，卷起，撅起（嘴唇等）：

ablowtothestomachmadehimcurlup.

[补充义]n.1.[c]asmallbunchofhairthatformsacurvedorroundshape（一缕）鬈发：

Herhairwasamessofcurls.2.[C,U]thetendencyofhairtoformcurls（指头发）拳曲:

Hishairhadanaturalcurl.3.[c]athingthatformsacurvedorroundshape卷状物；螺旋状物：

decoratethecakewithcurlsofchocolate.

diarist[n.apersonwhowritesadiary,especiallyonethatislaterpublished日记作者；日志记载者：

SamuelPepys,thefamous17thcenturydiarist.

disembowel[disim'bauəl]v.（disemboweled,disemboweled,disemboweling）[t]totakethestomach,bowelsandotherorgansoutofapersonoranimal取出……的内脏；开……的膛：

disemboweloneself剖腹自杀

domain[n.1.anareofknowledgeoractivity;especiallyonethatsb.isresponsiblefor（知识,活动的）领域，范围，范畴：

outof/withinone’sdomain不是/是某人的专长Thisquestioncomesintothedomainofphilosophy.这一问题属于哲学领域。

2.landsownedorruledbyaparticularperson,government,etc.,especiallyinthepast（尤指旧时个人，国家等所拥有或统治的）领土，领地，势力范围：

thespiceislandswerewithintheSpanishdomains.

drizzle[v.（drizzled,drizzled,drizzling）1.[I]whenitisdrizzling,itisraininglightly下毛毛雨；下蒙蒙细雨2.[t+obj+oversth.]topourasmallamountofliquidoverthesurfaceofsth.（毛毛雨似地）洒落：

drizzlethelemonjuiceoverthefish.

[补充义]n.lightfinerain毛毛细雨:

alightdrizzlewasfalling.

embolden[]v.1.（~ed,~ed,~ing）（formal）tomakesb.feelbraverormoreconfident（使更加勇敢，使更有胆量）;emboldenedbythewine,hewentovertointroducehimselftoher.2.（术语）tomakeapieceoftextappearinboldprint将（文本）变成黑体

[常用短语]beemboldenedtodosth.有胆量做某事；

[构词]em（=en,使）+bold（敢）+en（使……）

embroilv.是卷入，是陷入；emasculatev.使失去效力；emancipatev.使不受束缚，解放；ensnarev.是陷入；enrichv.使丰富；enslavev.使成为奴隶；enlivenv.使活泼，使生动enlightenv.使明白，启发

[近义词辨析]cheerv.togivehope,comfortorencouragement鼓励，鼓舞；cheersb.up（使）振奋起来；heartenv.tomakesb.feelencouragedandmorehopeful鼓励，激励；encouragev.togivesb.support,courageorhope支持，鼓励；encouragesb.insth.

[反义词]disheartenv.tomakesb.losehopeorconfidence使人沮丧，使失去信心

empire['empaiə]n.1.agroupofcountriesorstatesthatarecontrolledbyonerulerorgovernment帝国theromanempire罗马帝国2.agroupofcommercialorganizationscontrolledbyonepersonorcompany大企业，企业集团3.empirebuilding:

theprocessofobtainingextraland,authority,inordertoincreaseyourownpowerorposition领土扩张，权力扩张

[词汇延伸]

empire帝国kingdom王国

emperor皇帝king国王

empress皇后queen王后

prince皇子prince王子

princess公主princess公主

firefly['faiəflai]n.（pl.~ies）aflyinginsectwithatailthatshinesinthedark萤火虫

foliage['fəuliidʒ]n.[u]theleavesofatreeorplant,leavesandbranchestogether叶，枝叶;densegreenfoliage茂密的绿叶

[近义词]leaf：

n.aflatgreenpartofaplant,growingfromastemorbranchorfromtheroot叶，叶子，叶片;cabbageleaves卷心菜叶

forthright['fɔ:

θ’rait]adj.directandhonestinmannerandspeech直率的，直截了当的，坦诚的;awomanofforthrightviews观点明确的女子

[词形变换]forthrightlyadv.

forthrightnessn.

garotter（AmEalsogarrote）[ə'r]n.apieceofwire,etc.usedforgarrotingsb.用于绞杀的钢丝，绞刑刑具

[补充意义]v.[vn]tokillsb.byputtingapieceofwirearoundtheirneckandpullingittight勒死，绞杀，扼杀

herb[h:

b]n.1.aplantwhoseleaves,flowersorseedsareusedtoflavorfood,inmedicinesorfortheirpleasantsmell药草，香草;aherbgarden芳草园2.（technical术语）aplantwithasoftstemthatdiesdownafterflowering草本植物

[词汇延伸]herbaladj.~medicine草药~tea草药茶herbaceousadj.（technical术语）草本的a~plant草本植物；herbagen.（technical术语）（统称）草本植物；herbaln.草本植物志；herbalistn.药草栽培者，药草商，草药医师；herbivoren.食草动物，草食动物

hoot[v（hooted,hooting）1[i,ipr]makeahootorhoots（猫头鹰等）鸣叫；（车辆的喇叭，工厂汽笛等）鸣响；嘘叫:

thecrowdwashootingandjeeringatthespeaker.2[tn]makeascornfulhootsat（somebody）;greetwithjeers向某人发出轻蔑的喝叫声:

peoplearehootingabadactor.3[tn,tnpr]sound（ahorn）鸣喇叭:

thedriverhootedhishornatus.4[phrv]rejectsomethingordrivesomebodyaway（fromaplace）byjeering以讥笑声拒绝某事物；以嘘叫声将某人（从某处）轰走:

theproposalwashooteddown.

[常用短语]hootdown/off轰走:

hehoothimoffhishome.hootatsb.呵斥某人；notcareahoot毫不在乎,丝毫不感兴趣；notgiveahootfor满不在乎，瞧不起，认为一钱不值；notmatterahoot无关紧要，无足轻重

[补充意义]n1）cryofanowl猫头鹰的叫声2）soundmadebyavehicle’shorn,factorysiren,ect.车辆的喇叭；工厂汽笛等鸣响等3）shoutexpressingdisapprovalorscorn表示反对或轻蔑的喊叫声:

hissuggestionwasgreetedwithhootsoflaughter.4）（infml）（a）loudlaughofdelightandamusement哈哈大笑（b）thingthatcausesthis令人捧腹的事情:

whatahoot！

5）（idm习语）notcareatall毫不在乎

[词形变换]hootern1）sirenorsteamwhistle,esp.asasignalforworktostartorstopatafactory汽笛2）carhorn汽车喇叭3）nose鼻子

[词义