宁波市高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目.docx

宁波市高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目.docx

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宁波市高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目

宁波市高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．（2019•天津）阅读理解

   WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？

Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

   Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:

whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？

   We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

   Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

   Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

   Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我）,whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

   Manyofusequate（视……等同于）"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

（1）ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.

A. lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B. ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C. miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D. disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？

A. Endone'sstruggleforliberty.                          B. Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C. Misstheopportunitytosucceed.                   

D. Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

（3）WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A. Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B. Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C. Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D. Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

（4）WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A. Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B. Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C. Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D. Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

（5）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A. Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B. Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C. Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D. Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

（1）考查推理判断。

第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

（5）考查主旨大意。

本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Plasticsludge（污泥）andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”

   Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”

   Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.

   China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon（黎巴嫩）.ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.

（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A. There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.

B. Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.

C. TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.

D. Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?

A. Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines.  B. Theplasticparticles.

C. Seafood.                                                            D. Fattytissues.

（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A. AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.

B. Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.

C. Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,

D. Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.

（4）Whichmay bethetitleofthepassage?

A. PlasticpollutionintheWorld.

B. Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.

C. Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.

D. Plasticpollutionandourhealth.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句：

AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。

故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimesvisibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals，medicines，industrialwasteinthesea，whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样.it指代的是塑料颗粒。

故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

根据ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics，straws，plasticcups，plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。

故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。

阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga（海藻）thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.

   TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.

   InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspecieswe