新编英语教程 6 Unit 3 教案.docx

新编英语教程 6 Unit 3 教案.docx

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新编英语教程6Unit3教案

UnitThree

TEXTI

WALLSANDBARRIERS

EugeneRaskin

Objectives:

Todiscussthedifferentfunctionsofdifferentkindsofwalls.

Toidentifyinthetextthecontrastsbetweenwallsasbarriersandwallsasscreens.

Towriteanessayonthedifferentconceptionsofmoneyinthepastandnowbyusingthetechniqueofmakingcomparisonsandcontrasts.

Pre-readingDiscussion

Thequestionsdiscussedinthissectionconcernwiththemajorpointsorthegeneralideasofthetext.Thepurposeistoseehowwellstudentshavepreparedthetextaswellastostimulatestudents’interest.

1.Wallsareseeneverywhere,aroundaschoolcampusorahospitalcompound,aroundasmallparkorevenasmallprivategarden.Wehavethe（city）wallaroundtheJingjiangPalace/Chamber,whichwastheancientwall.

Fromthetitle,whatdoyouthinkoftherelationbetweenwallsandbarriers?

Dowallsallserveasbarriers?

Givesomeexamples.

Intheolddays,wallswereerectedasbarriersagainstdangerfromwithout,andtheGreatWallofChinacanserveasatypicalexampleofthis.

TheGreatWallofChinawasfirstbuiltfollowingtheunificationofChinabytheFirstEmperoroftheQinDynastyin221B.C.Itwasrenovatedandrebuiltinsucceedingdynasties.Initspresentform,itsubstantiallydatesfromtheMingDynasty（1368-1644）.ItstretchesfromGansuProvincetoShanhaiguan,Hebei,windingcontinuouslyacrossnorthernChinaandtotaling6,7000kilometersinlength.ThewallwaserectedtoprotectChinafromnortherntribes.

MostwallsinChinafunctionasbarriers（anobstructionoranobstacle）.Thewallofaparkservestoenclose;thewallofaprisontopreventcommunication;thewallofacastletocheck（e.g.,theadvanceofanenemy）;thewallofakindergartentokeepawayfromdanger/toguaranteesecurity;thewallofaresidencetoprotectprivacy,etc.

2.Awallisusuallyasolidstructureofstones,bricks,concrete,etc.inChina.Whatothermaterialscanbeusedtobuildawall?

Whatifitisbuiltwithglassorverythinmetalmaterials,orshrubsorfenceasitismoreandmorecommonlyseennowadays?

Doesthiskindofwallalsoserveasbarrier?

Whatisthefunction?

InSingapore,notasmanywallsasinChinaareseen.Ifthereareany,theyaremostlyshrubs'walls/greenwalls,acontinuousandverticalstructureofironbars/wiremeshes/wirenettingwithshrubsstretchinginalldirections.Theseareopenwalls,Iwouldliketocall.Everythinginsideisopentotheoutsiders.Youcanseeeverythinginsideasfarasyoureyesightcanreach.E.g.,NUS,SP,condominiums,etc.Thesewallsjustservetodivideoffotherplaces,suchastown,house,room,field,etc.Thereisnothingtodowithsecurity.

Thewallsofmanycompanies,supermarkets,malls,restaurantsarewallsofglass.Eventhebankwheresecuritymustensureiswalledwithglass.Isthebanknotafraidofrobberyorburglary?

E.g.DahuaBank.

Cashisnowrarelyused.Money,inmostofthetime,takestheformofcreditcards,abook-keepingbankingmatter.Thebankfunctionsmoreasaservicethanasafeformoney.

Theseglasswallsseemunsafe,butmodernarchitectspreferthiskindofwalls.Sinceeveryinsideplaceisair-conditioned,theseglasswallsonlyfunctiontoseparatetheoutsideairfromtheinsidecontrolledtemperatureandhumidity.Andatthesametime,peoplecanhaveadequatescreeninginside.

PhilipJohnsonevengoestotheextreme.TheGlassHouseforhisresidenceinConnecticuthasglasswallseverywherearoundexceptthewallsinthebathroom,wheretheonlyrealprivacyisfound.

Itseemsthatthewallsinmoderntimesservemoreasseparationsthanasbarriers.

3.Isthenewfunctionofwallsinmoderntimestheresultofadvancedtechnology?

Why?

Ifnot,whatistherealreason?

Thenewarchitecturaldesignofwallsnowadaysisnottheresultofadvancedtechnology,butthechangeofmentalconceptionsofourselvesandoftheworld.Wefeelsafe.Wearenotalwaysinfearofdangerasintheprimitivesociety.Wethinkwearepowerfultoconquerthenatureaswellastheworld.Weneedmoreinter-communication.Therefore,wedon’tneedtheheavywallstoprotectourselvesfromdanger,toconfineourselvestightly/closely.Wedon’tneedanybarrierstoseparateourselvesfromtheoutsideworld.

So,wallsarenotbarriersinourmoderntime.

In-readinginterpretation

Comp.1-MainIdea:

B.Architectureisanexpressionofpeople’smentality;therefore,changesintheirviewoftheworldandofthemselvesareboundtobemirroredinarchitecture.

Inotherwords,changesinpeople’sviewincurchangesinarchitecturaldesignsofwallsandinthefunctionsthewallsserveaswell.

So,contrastsinpeople’smentality,inwalldesigns,andinitsfunctionsaremadeinthistext.

Stepone

---Tospecifytheparas.inwhichcontrastsbetweenwallsasbarriersandwallsasscreensarefound.

Paras.3-5:

Thechangeinpeople’snotionofmoney,inthefunctionofthebank,andinitsarchitecturalfeatures.

Paras.6:

Classicalandnewcriticismofarchitecture

Paras.7-10:

Attitudetowardprivacyandpossiblehostilityfromwithoutinprimitiveandmodernworld

---Toorganizegroupwork,listingthecontrastsofalltheabove,andthenmakeclasspresentationswithnecessaryexplanations.

Paras.3-5:

Thechangeinpeople’snotionofmoney,inthefunctionofthebank,andinitsarchitecturalfeatures（comp.3-3）

Oldconceptions

Newconceptions

1）ofmoney:

atangiblecommodity-bullion,banknotes,

coins-thatcouldbehefted,carriedorstolen.

aproductofthecreativeimagination;

lesscashbeingused;

beinglargelyreplacedbycredit.

2）ofthearchitecturaldesignsofbanks:

animpregnableappearance-heavywalls,

barredwindows,andbronzedoors.

glasswallsbrilliantlylightedinside;（acubi-

calcageofglass）

thedoorbecomingawindowdisplay.

3）ofthefunctionofthebank:

asafe

invulnerability

aservice

imaginativepowers

Necessaryexplanation

---ofmoney:

1.Whatisthemeaningof‘custom’inline10?

（comp.2-2）

Itmeans‘regularpatronage’,businesspatronage,regularsupportgiventoatradesmanbythosewhobuyhisgoods.Inotherwords,itmeansthefrequent,orconstant,orregularpurchaseofthecustomers.

2.Adeficiteconomyaccompaniedbyhugeexpansion,hasledustothinkofmoneyasaproductofthecreativeimagination.

Adeficiteconomylargelyresultsfromhugeexpansion.AsweseefromtheAsiancurrencycrisis,overexpansion,oroverdevelopment,oroverinvestmentinrealestatebroughtabouttheeconomycrisisorthedevaluingincurrency,esp.inThailand.Becauseofthedeficiteconomy,thegovernmenthastoloanmoneyfromtheWorldBank,orothers.

---ofthearchitecturaldesignsofbanks:

1.Ifabuilding’sdesignmadeitappearimpregnable,theinstitutionwasnecessarilysound,andthemeaningoftheheavywallasanarchitecturalsymboldweltintheprevailingattitudetowardmoney,ratherthaninanyaesthetictheory.

Ifabuildingwasmadetolooksturdy/invulnerable,itwouldbeaccordinglyregardedasreliable,andthesignificanceofthethickwallswouldbemeasurednotbytheirarchitecticvalue,butbytheirseemingabilitytoprovideasafelocationformoney.

Or,ifabuildingwasdesignedtoappearunattackable,itwouldberegardedassafe,andthereasonforthearchitecturalfeatureoftheheavywallslayinpeople’sattitudetowardmoney,i.e.money,suchtangiblecommodity,shouldbekeptinaverysafeplace.Theheavywallswerenotdesignedtomeettheneedsofaesthetics,orforthepurposeofshowingthebeautyorthetaste.

---ofthefunctionofthebank:

1.aserviceinwhichthemostvaluableelementsaredashandacreativeflair

fortheinventionoflargenumbers.

aserviceinwhichmoneyincludingcoinsandbanknotebecomesactiveandvigorousasfarastheinventionofmoneyisconcerned.Inotherwords,moneyisnotalwayskeptinabankforsecurity;rather,itisinactiveandvigorouscirculation,beingusedtobuyandsellcommodities.

2.thisbankbyitsarchitectureboastsofitsimaginativepowers.

thebankinthiskindofarchitecturaldesign,i.e.withglasswalls,window-displaydoors,hasitsimaginativepowers.

3.itishardtosaywherearchitectureendsandhumanassertionbegins.

itishardtotellthedivisionbetweenarchitecturaldesignandpeople’smentality,fortheformeristheproductorthereflection/expressionofthelatter.

Paras.6:

1.Itisintheunderstandingofarchitectureasamediumfortheexpressionofhumanattitudes,prejudices,taboos,andidealsthatthenewarchitecturalcriticismdepartsfromtheclassicalaesthetics.

Fromthecontrastsgiveninthelastfewparas.,architectureisamediumfor

theexpressionofhumanattitudes,prejudices,taboos,andideals.Thisisthe

pointthatRwantstoillustratebydealingwiththechangesinparas.3-5.

Ifyouunderstandthispoint,youcanseparatethenewarchitecturalcriticismortheoryfromtheclassicalone.Or,youwillcometoknowthedifferencebetweenthenewarchitecturalcriticismortheoryandtheclassicalone.

2.HowdoesRcontrast‘classical’and‘new’theoriesofarchitecture?

（comp.3-4）

Thelatterrelieduponpureproportion,composition,etc.,asbasesforartisticjudgment.Intheageofsociologyandpsychology,wallsarenotsimplywallsbutphysicalsymbolsofthebarriersinmen’sminds.

composition:

arrangementintoproperproportionorrelationandesp.intoartisticform

Classicalaestheticsholdsthatconstructionsinpureproportionareregardedasthemostbeautiful,theexcellent.Mostoftheancientconstruction