名词性从句详细讲解及练习题.docx
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名词性从句详细讲解及练习题
高中英语从句大全
一.名词性从句
起名词性作用的从句叫名词性从句英语当中其名词性作用的成分有主语,宾语,表语,同位语,当这些成分有一个句子来代替就构成了名词从句,主要有主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。
1.表语从句
1.定义:
用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
(be动词,四“变得”:
become,get,turn,go;感官动词look,,smell,sound,taste,feel;及grow,turnout,appear,keep等)
引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、asthough(if);
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等;
关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。
可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。
Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.
ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.
Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow
2、由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义,在口语中,间或可以省略。
而whether有词义,意为、“是否”。
这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question,trouble,problem等。
表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。
ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress
Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题是他们是否能帮我们。
Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.
Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.
Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.
Whatshecouldnotunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。
Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.
Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework..
That'swhatheisworryingabout.
That'swhatweshoulddo.
Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。
Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Goandgetyourcoat.
It'swhereyouleftit.
Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.
That’swhyIgotwetthrough.
Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.
Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.
5、由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。
Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。
注:
从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但asif却可引导表语从句,如:
Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butit’sasifitwasonlyyesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。
如:
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.
That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit..
Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.
另外,在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”(suggestion,proposal,order,plan,advice,request,idea)的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。
should+动词原形表示,should可省略。
如:
Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
Shedeniedthedoctor’sproposalthatshe(should)quitsmoking.
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我明天一早就出发。
1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.
A.that B.if C.when D.whether
2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.
A.because B.that C.for D.becauseof
3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftit
A.where B.there C.therewhere D.wherethere
4.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTed
A.whocanweget B.whatwecanget
C.whowecanget D.thatwecanget
5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.
A.that B.if C.whether D.不填
6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.
A.that B.when C.why D.what
7.Thatis _____wewerelatelasttime.
A.that B.when C.why D.what
8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.
A.that B.like C.as D.asthough
9.—Ifellsick!
--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.
A.why B.when C.what D.because
10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.
A.becausehismotherisill B.becauseofhismother’sbeingill
C.thathismotherisill D.forhismotherisill
11.—Hewasbornhere.
--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.
A.that B.what C.why D.how
12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.what B.where C.that D.why
that/what的区别
1._______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.
A.What;howareyou B.That;howyouare
C.How;thatyouare D.What;howyouare
2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.
A.what B.that C.how D.whythat
3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.
A.what B.where C.theplace D.therewhere
4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger. Itisnolonger_________.
A.whatitusedtobe B.whatitwasusedtobeing
C.whatitusedtobeing D.whatitwasusedtobe
5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…that B.That…what
C.What …what D.That…what
6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
高考练习
1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?
A.why B.what C.when D.where
2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella ____Igotwetthrough.
A.It’sthereason B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’show
3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?
Thatwas______wedidthismorning.
A.when B.which C.where D.what
4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
---Oh,that’s_____.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcited B.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutit D.whenIfeelexcited
5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.
A.theway B.inthewaythat C.intheway D.thewaywhich
二,主语从句
引导主语从句的关联词有三类:
1)从属连词:
that,whether等.
that引导主语从句只起引导作用,本身无实际意义,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,但不能省略。
Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.
很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。
Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Thathewillwiniscertain.他肯定会赢。
注意:
当用it做形式主语,从句可由if或者whether引导,若从句谓语句首此时只能whether,
IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:
ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardthenews.
正:
WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.
常以it作形式主语的句型有:
①It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。
如:
Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
②.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。
如:
It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遗憾我们不能去。
It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
③.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。
如:
ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。
ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
④.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
如:
ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。
⑤.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。
如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。
Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
⑥.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
如:
Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?
Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?
他们明天不来很要紧吗?
⑦.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
如:
Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!
孩子们这么安静真奇怪!
2)连接代词who,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever(Who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词,和what一样引导从句,ever起到强调作用。
此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导,它们在句子中担任成分,不能省略,语序为陈述语序)
Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthattheearthisround…
Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.
Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.
Whichstudentwillwinisuncertain.
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
3)连接副词where,when,how,why.如:
Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.
Whentheywillleaveisnotdecided.
Wheresheisfromisunknown.
Howwewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.
Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。
Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。
Whereveryouareismyhome——myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。
2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)来的人将受到欢迎。
Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingthat)他所做的事情是正确的。
Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
Exercise
填空
1.(_____isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.
2.(______theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.
3.(_____wewillgotomorrow)hasn’tbeendecidedyet.
4.(______canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.
5.(________itwillrainornot)isnotclear.
6._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
7._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent
8.________the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.
9.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
10.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.11._______________________________(她是否出席会议)isnotcertain.
改错
1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.
2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.
3.Ifthepolicemanwillcomeisnotcertain.
4.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.
5.Itisorderedweshouldleaveatonce.
6.Wherehecomesfromareamystery.
7.Whatwhetherhelikesthejobisnotclear.
8.Whoheisandwhereheisfromisimportant.
9.Whathesawisthestarsinthesky.
选择
1.________makesmistakesmust