清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流.docx

清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流.docx

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清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流

清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

PartⅠListeningComprehension（20%）

（略）

PartⅡVocabulary（10%）

Directions:

Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestonethatcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWETSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

21.The__________ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter

22.Businessinthisareahasbeen__________becausepricesaretoohigh.

A.prosperousB.secretiveC.slackD.shrill

23.Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad__________whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment

24.Headdeda__________tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

A.presidencyB.prestigeC.postscriptD.preliminary

25.Somelinguistsbelievethatthe__________ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.

A.optimisticB.optionalC.optimalD.oppressed

26.Itallstartedin1950,whenpeoplebegantobuildtheirhousesonthe__________oftheircities.

A.paradisesB.omissionsC.orchardsD.outskirts

27.Themeetingwas__________overbythemayorofthecity.

A.presumedB.proposedC.presentedD.presided

28.Thecrowd__________intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

A.outgrewB.overthrewC.overpassedD.overflew

29.Itwasclearthatthestorm__________hisarrivalbytwohours.

A.retardedB.retiredC.refrainedD.retreated

30.Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes__________overalltheotherissues.

A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability

31.Hersadnesswasobvious,butshebelievedthatherfeelingofdepressionwas__________.

A.torrentB.transientC.tensileD.textured

32.Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis__________ideaaboutthetrip.

A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird

33.Theflowerunderthesunwould__________quicklywithoutanyprotection.

A.winkB.withholdC.witherD.widower

34.The__________ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription

35.He__________himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

A.repealedB.resentedC.relayedD.reproached

36.Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa__________event.

A.cholesterolB.charcoalC.catastrophicD.chronic

37.Hecutthestringandheldupthetwo__________totiethebox.

A.segmentsB.sedimentsC.seizuresD.secretes

38.Allthemusicinstrumentsintheorchestrawillbe__________beforeitstarts.

A.civilizedB.chatteredC.chamberedD.chorded

39.Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe__________.

A.commencedB.compressedC.compromisedD.compensated

40.Shemadetwocopiesofthispoemandpostedthem__________todifferentpublishers.

A.sensationallyB.simultaneouslyC.strenuouslyD.simply

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40%）

Directions:

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsofunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Eachyear,millionsofpeopleinBangladeshdrinkgroundwaterthathasbeenpollutedbynaturallyhighlevelsofarsenicpoison.Findingsafedrinkingwaterinthatcountrycanbeaproblem.However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterpriseshasalow-costanswer.Thisnon-governmentalorganizationhasdevelopedtechnologytoharvestrainwater.

Peoplearoundtheworldhavebeenharvestingrainwaterforcenturies.Itisasafe,dependablesourceofdrinkingwater.Unlikegroundwater,rainwatercontainsnomineralsorsaltsandisfreeofchemicaltreatments.Bestofall,itisfree.

TherainwaterharvestingsystemcreatedbyInternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesusespipestocollectwaterfromthetopsofbuildings.Thepipesstretchfromthetopsofbuildingstoatwo-metertallstoragetankmadeofmetal.Atthetopofthetankisaso-called“first-flush”devicemadeofwirescreen.Thisbarrierpreventsdirtandleavesinthewaterfromfallinginsidethetank.

Afittedcoversitsoverthe“first-flush”device.Itprotectsthewaterinsidethetankfromevaporating.Thecoveralsopreventsmosquitoinsectsfromlayingeggsinthewater.

Insidethetankisalowcoatplasticbagthatcollectsthewater.Thebagsitsinsideanotherplasticbagsimilartothoseusedtoholdgrains.Thetwobagsaresupportedinsidethemetaltank.Alltotal,thewaterstoragesystemcanholduptothree-thousand-five-hundredlitersofwater.InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaystheinnerbagsmayneedtobereplacedeverytwotothreeyears.However,ifthebagsarenotdamagedbysunlight,theycouldlastevenlonger.

InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaysthewaterharvestingsystemshouldbebuiltonaraisedstructuretopreventinsectsfromeatingintoitatthebottom.Thetotalcosttobuildthisrainwaterharvestingsystemisaboutfortydollars.However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesexpectsthepricetodropovertime.Thegroupsaysonetankcanprovideafamilyoffivewithenoughrainwatertosurviveafive-monthdryseason.

41.PeopleinBangladeshcanuse__________asasafesourceofdrinkingwater.

A.groundwaterB.rainwaterC.drinkingwaterD.freshwater

42.Whichofthefollowingcontributestothelow-costofusingrainwater?

A.Rainwaterisfreeofchemicaltreatments.

B.Peoplehavebeenharvestingrainwaterforcenturies.

C.Thewaterharvestingsystemisbuiltonaplatform.

D.Rainwatercanbecollectedusingpipes.

43.Whichofthefollowingactuallypreventsdirtandleavesfromfallinginsidethetank?

A.abarrierB.awirescreenC.afirst-flushD.astoragetank

44.Thebagsusedtoholdwaterarelikelytobedamagedby__________.

A.mosquitoinsectsB.afittedcoverC.afirst-flushdeviceD.sunlight

45.Whatshouldbedonetopreventinsectsfromeatingintothewaterharvestingsystematthebottom?

A.Thetwobagsholdingthewatershouldbeputinsidethemetaltank.

B.Theinnerbagsneedtobereplacedeverytwoyears.

C.Thewaterharvestingsystemshouldbebuiltonaplatform.

D.Acovershouldbeusedtopreventinsectsfromeatingit.

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters,othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild'sownhappinessandwell-being.

46.Theprincipleunderlyingalltreatmentofdevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren__________.

A.istosendthemtoclinics

B.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiences

C.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrains

D.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced

47.Thechildinthenursery__________.

A.quicklylearnstowaitforfood

B.doesn'tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularintervals

C.alwaysacceptstherhythmoftheworldaroundthem

D.alwaysfeelstheworldaroundhimiswarmandfriendly

48.Theencouragementofchildrentoachievenewskills__________.

A.canneverbeta