全面的英语语法精讲精练.docx
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全面的英语语法精讲精练
一名词
I.名词的种类:
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名,团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
II.名词的数:
1.规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
规则
例词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days
2
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes
3
以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives
加-s
belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys
6
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos
两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos
7
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
8
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,
2.不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,
3
只有复数形式
ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,police,cattle,staff
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
7
表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
womensingers,menservants
III.名词的所有格:
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:
一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1.’s所有格的构成:
单数名词在末尾加’s
theboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,
不规则复数名词后加’s
thechildren’stoys,women’srights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
JapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略
thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法:
1
表示时间
today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday
2
表示自然现象
theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches
3
表示国家城市等地方的名词
thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry
4
表示工作群体
theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory
5
表示度量衡及价值
amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples
6
与人类活动有特殊关系的名词
thelife’stime,theplay’splot
7
某些固定词组
abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)
3.of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:
thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:
theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents
用于名词化的词:
thestruggleoftheoppressed
注:
不同国籍人的单复数
国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数
中国人the Chinese,a Chinese,two Chinese 瑞士人the Swiss,a Swiss,two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians,an Australian,two Australians俄国人the Russians,a Russian,two Russians
意大利人the Italians,an Italian,two Italians 希腊人the Greek,a Greek,two Greeks
法国人the French,a Frenchman,two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese,a Japanese,two Japanese
美国人the Americans,an American,two Americans印度人the Indians,an Indian,two Indians
加拿大人the Canadians,a Canadian,two Canadians德国人the Germans,a German,two Germans
英国人the English,an Englishman,two Englishmen瑞典人the Swedish,a Swede,two Swedes
例题解析:
举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideas B.photos C.news D.stories
解析:
much是用来修饰不可数名词的,ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C.
2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.
A.orange,orange B.oranges,oranges
C.oranges,orange D.orange,oranges
解析:
orange有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选C。
3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________to hishome.
A.25minutes'walk B.25minute'swalk
C.25minutewalk D.25minuteswalk
解析:
句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此选A。
4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.
A.people B.person C.thepeople D.theperson
解析:
person与people都有"人"的意思,但用法不同."一个人"用"aperson",
"两个人"用"twopersons";people泛指"人们"是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指"人民",apeople指"一个民族".应选B。
5.Helpyourselfto__________.
A.chickensandapples B.chickensandapple
C.chickenandapple D.chickenandapples
解析:
chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。
6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.
A.room'snumber B.rooms'number C.roomnumbers D.rooms'numbers
解析:
roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher, twobusdrivers等. 应选C。
7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.
A.family B.house C.home D.room
解析:
family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C.
8.________motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
A.MaryandPeter's B.MaryandPeter
C.Mary'sandPeter D.Mary'sandPeter's
解析:
此句中"mothers"是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。
9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.
A.heruncle B.heruncle's C.heruncles D.aunt's
解析:
此句意为"李雷这个去她舅舅家多次".表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.
因此选B。
10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn't________inteaching.
A.manyexperiences B.muchexperience
C.anexperience D.alotexperience
解析:
experience 作"经验"讲时是不可数名词,作"经历"讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为"经验",因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。
11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.
A.you B.your C.yoursister D.yoursister's
解析:
此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.
A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Germans,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen
解析:
Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.
13.Theteam________ havingameeting.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
解析:
team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。
14."Wouldyoulike_________?
" "________,please."
A.drink,Threecoffees B.acupofdrink,Coffees
C.adrink,Acoffee D.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees
解析:
drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,
当前面加a时,则表示 "一杯".因此选C。
15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.
A.earthandstone,millionsof B.earthsandstones,millions
C.theearthandstone,millionof D.theearthsandstones,millions
解析:
earth是不可数名词,因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.
因此选A。
练习与巩固:
熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
选择最佳答案:
1.Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.
A.child,lives B.children,life C.children,lives D.child,life
2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.
---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!
A.myfatherandmother B.mymotherandfather's
C.mymother'sandfather's D.myfather'sandmymother
3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.
A.ClassThird B.ThirdClass C.ClassThree D.Threeclass
4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.
A.Teachers B.Teachers' C.theTeachers' D.Teacher's
5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.
A.halfanhours' B.halfanhour's C.halfanhour D.anhourandahalf
6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?
---_________,please.
A.Twocupofcoffee B.Twocupsofcoffe
C.Twocupsofcoffee D.Twocupsofcoffees
7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.
A.fun B.wishes C.interest D.thanks
8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.
A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs
9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.
A.twoweeks B.two-weeks C.twoweeks' D.twoweek's
10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.
A.visitor B.visitors C.visitor's D.visitors'
11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?
---Therearetwo___________.
A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundredof D.hundredsof
12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?
---Itsoundsreallywonderful.
A.subject B.music C.book D.animal
13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.
A.place B.room C.field D.ground
14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit
A.Wool B.Pork C.Mutton D.Milk
15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.
A.medicine B.lessons C.photos D.exercise
16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.
A.minute B.minutes' C.minutes's D.minutes
17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!
A.agoodnews B.somegoodnews C.somegoodnewes D.muchgoodnews
18.Whichisthe__