linguistics review.docx

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linguisticsreview

ReviewmaterialsforIntroductiontoLinguistics

PartI:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatement.

1.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe_A__.

 A.prescriptive B.sociolinguistic

 C.descriptiveD.psycholinguistic 

2.Ofallthespeechorgans,the_C__is/arethemostflexible.

 A.mouthB.lips

 C.tongueD.vocalcords 

3.Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isan_D__.

 A.boundmorpheme B.boundform

 C.inflectionalmorpheme D.freemorpheme 

4.A_D__intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.

 A.coordinatorB.particle

 C.preposition D.subordinator 

5."CanIborrowyourbike?

"_D__"Youhaveabike."

 A.issynonymouswith B.isinconsistentwith

 C.entails D.presupposes  

6.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled_B__.

 A.semanticsB.pragmatics

 C.sociolinguisticsD.psycholinguistics

7.Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare_B__orgeneralization.

 A.elaboration B.simplification

 C.externalborrowing D.internalborrowing

8._C__referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.

 A.Linguafranca B.Creole

 C.Pidgin D.Standardlanguage

9.Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,_B__.

 A.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus

 B.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortex

 C.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneurons

 D.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea

10.AccordingtoKrashen,__D_referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.

 A.learning B.competence

 C.performance D.acquisition

11.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are_B__.   

 A.gradableopposites     B.relationalopposites

 C.co-hyponyms       D.synonyms

12.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar D .   

 A.JacobGrimm   B.RasmusRask

 C.FranzBopp   D.SirWilliamJones

13.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas_D_.   

 A.unusual     B.somethingtobefeared

 C.abnormal    D.natural

14._D_producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.   

 A.Broca'saphasic   B.Thelinguisticdeprivation

 C.Thedamageontheangulargyrus   D.Wernicke'saphasic

15.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:

  B.   

 A.Theycannotpronounce/n/   

 B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongue

 C.Theteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod

 D.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds

16.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_A_word.   

 A.apolysemous  B.asynonymous  C.anabnormal  D.amultiple

17.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit?

”is_C_.   

 A.informative  B.phatic  C.directive  D.performative

18.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein_C_andvocabulary.   

 A.usage     B.grammar   C.pronunciation   D.structure

19._A_dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.   

 A.Linguisticgeography   B.Lexicology

 C.Lexicography 词典编撰      D.Sociolinguistics

20.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedasB__.   

 A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

 B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

 C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

 D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

 21.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof___C_______.

  A.aparticularlanguage

  B.theEnglishlanguage

  C.humanlanguagesingeneral

  D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage

22.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:

____B______.

  A.voiceless,bilabial,stop B.voiceless,labiodental,fricative

  C.voiced,bilabial,stop    D.voiced,labiodental,fricative

23.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasan__________.

  A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorpheme

  C.inflectionalmorpheme  D.freeform

24.Inthephrasestructurerule"S→NPVP",thearrowcanbereadas_B_________.

  A.isequalto B.consistsof

  C.has D.generates

25."Iboughtsomeroses"____A______"Iboughtsomeflowers".

  A.entailsB.presupposes

C.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith

26.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof____C______.

  X:

Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?

  Y:

Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?

  A.quality  B.quantity

  C.relation  D.manner

27.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__C________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.

  A.phrases   B.sentences

  C.morphemesD.utterances

28.Inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon_B_________alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.

  A.socially   B.linguistically

  C.culturally D.pragmatically

29.Whichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople?

______D____.

  A.languageandspeech  B.visualandspatialskills

  C.readingandwriting    D.analyticreasoning

30.Ingeneral,the_____C_____stagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.

  A.babbling  B.one-word

  C.two-word  D.multiword

31.  The_C___agefortheacquisitionofthefirstlanguagecoincideswiththeperiodofbrainlateralization.

    A.youngest         B.flexible

    C.optimum         D.relevant

32.Linguistic__D__isthebrain'sneurologicalspecializationforlanguage.

A.fossilization       B.performance

    C.competence       D.lateralization

33.Ourlinguisticabilityisa__D______giftofthespecies'geneprogram.

A.chemical          B.physical

C.scientific          D.biological

34.  “Wife”,whichusedtorefertoanywoman,standsfor“amarriedwoman”inmodernEnglish.Thisphenomenonisknownas__D______.

A.semanticshift         B.semanticbroadening

C.semanticelevation       D.semanticnarrowing

35.  Englishlanguagebelongsto____A_____.

A.Indo-EuropeanFamily      B.Sino-TibetanFamily

C.AustronesianFamily       D.AfroasiaticFamily

36.Linguistshavefoundthatforthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccurs_____B________.

A. withmuchimitation

B. withlittleconsciousinstruction

C. withmuchcorrectionfromtheirparents

D. withlittlelinguisticinput 

37.Thedevelopmentoflinguisticskillsinvolvestheacquisitionof_B___rulesratherthanthemerememorizationofwordsandsentences.

 A.cultural     B.grammatical

C.behaviour  D.pragmatic

37.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof_____C_____.

A.thefirstelement       

 B.thesecondelement

C.eitherthefirstorthesecondelement

D.boththefirstandthesecondelements.

39._____C____isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

A.Syntax            B.Grammar

C.Morphology          D.Morpheme

40．Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones___D_________.d

A.identical              B.same

C.exactlyalike           D.similar 

41． Thesound/f/is_____D____________.d

 A.voicedpalatalaffricate      B.voicedalveolarstop

 C.voicelessvelarfricative      D.voicelesslabiodentalfricative 

42.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning________D_ isconsidered.

 A.reference          B.speechact

 C.practicalusage        D.context

43.Asentenceisa_B________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

  A.pragmatic          B.grammatical

C.mental           D.conceptual

44.PhrasestructureruleshaveA____properties.

 A.recursive     B.grammatical

C.social      D.functional

45.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand D_____________.

A. howwordsandphrasesformsentences.

B. whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwords

C. howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentences

D. Alloftheabove.

46.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents____B___.

  A.theconceptualistview     B.contexutalism

  C.thenamingtheory      D.behaviourism 

47.“alive”and“dead”are_____C_________.

 A.gradableantonyms       B.relationalopposites

 C.complementaryantonyms    D.Noneoftheabove 

48.______D___inaperson