linguistics review.docx

1、linguistics reviewReview materials for Introduction to LinguisticsPart I: Read each of the following statements carefully and decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. 1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down

2、 rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _A_. A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic 2.Of all the speech organs, the _C_ is/are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 3.The morpheme vision in the common word television is an _D_. A

3、. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 4.A _D_ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator 5.Can I borrow your bike? _D_ You have a bike. A. is synonymous with

4、B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes 6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _B_. A. semantics B. pragmatics C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics 7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic chang

5、es, which are _B_ or generalization. A. elaboration B. simplification C. external borrowing D. internal borrowing 8._C_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A. Lingua franca B. Creole C. Pidgin D. Standard langua

6、ge 9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _B_ . A. Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrus B. Brocas area, Wern

7、ickes area and cerebral cortex C. Brocas area, Wernickes area and neurons D. Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10.According to Krashen, _D_ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A. learnin

8、g B. competence C. performance D. acquisition11.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are _B_. A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms12.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar D . A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D

9、.Sir William Jones13.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _D_. A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural14._D_produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete non

10、sense,often as unintelligible. A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic15.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: B . A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe

11、 sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds16.A word with several meanings is called _A_word. A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple17.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isnt it?”is _C_. A.in

12、formative B.phatic C.directive D.performative18.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _C_ and vocabulary. A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure19._A_deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A.Linguistic geograph

13、y B.Lexicology C.Lexicography词典编撰 D.Sociolinguistics20.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as B_. A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult2 1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _C_. A

14、. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 22. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: _B_. A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative C. voiced,

15、bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative23. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as an _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form24. In the phrase structure rule SNP VP, the arrow can be read as _

16、B_. A. is equal to B. consists of C. has D. generates25. I bought some roses _A_ I bought some flowers. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 26. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _C_. X: Who was that you were with last night?

17、 Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner27. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _C_, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered. A. phrases B. senten

18、ces C. morphemes D. utterances 28. In a speech community people have something in common _B_a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it. A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically 29. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the contro

19、l of the left hemisphere in most people? _D_. A. language and speech B. visual and spatial skills C. reading and writing D. analytic reasoning 30. In general, the _C_ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword31. The _C_ age fo

20、r the acquisition of the first language coincides with the period of brain lateralization. A. youngest B. flexible C. optimum D. relevant 32. Linguistic _D_ is the brains neurological specialization for language. A. fossilization B. performance C. competence D. lateralization33. Our linguistic abili

21、ty is a _D_ gift of the species gene program.A. chemical B. physical C. scientific D. biological 34. “Wife”, which used to refer to any woman, stands for “ a married woman” in modern English. This phenomenon is known as _D_. A. semantic shift B. semantic broadening C. semantic elevation D. semantic

22、narrowing 35. English language belongs to _A_. A. Indo-European Family B. Sino-Tibetan Family C. Austronesian Family D. Afroasiatic Family36. Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children, language development occurs _B_. A. with much imitation B. with little conscious instruction C. w

23、ith much correction from their parents D. with little linguistic input 37. The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of _B_ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences. A. cultural B. grammaticalC. behaviour D. pragmatic 37. The part of speech of the compounds

24、is generally determined by the part of speech of _C_. A. the first element B. the second element C. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second elements.39. _C_ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A.

25、 Syntax B.GrammarC. Morphology D. Morpheme40 The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _D_.d A. identical B. same C. exactly alike D. similar 41 The sound /f/ is _D_.d A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveol

26、ar stop C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative42. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _D_ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context 43. A sentence is a _B_ concept, and the meaning of a sent

27、ence is often studied in isolation. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual44. Phrase structure rules have A_ properties. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional 45. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand D_. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what cons

28、titutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above. 46. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _B_. A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalism C. the naming theory D.behaviourism 47. “alive” and “dead” are _C_. A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above 48. _D_ in a person