届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型10篇训练之二22页word版答案含有解析.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型10篇训练之二22页word版答案含有解析.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型10篇训练之二22页word版答案含有解析

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型10篇训练之二

[一]

SmallBusinessSaturdayisanAmericanshoppingholidaycreatedin2010，heldontheSaturdayafterThanksgivingduringoneofthebusiestshoppingperiodsoftheyear.

SmallBusinessSaturdayencouragesholidayshopperstosupportsmallbusinessownersandhelpfueltheeconomybyshoppingattheirfavoritelocalstores.

Smallbusinessesarecriticaltothenation’seconomy.Therewerenearly28millionsmallbusinessesintheUnitedStateslastyear.Overthepasttwodecades，theycreated65percentofnetnewjobs.Theirimportancetolocalcommunitiesextendsevenfurther.Forevery$100spentinlocallyowned，independentstores，$68returnstothecommunitythroughtaxesandothermeans.

“SmallbusinessistheengineofjobcreationintheUSeconomy，”saidKenChenault，theCEOofAmericanExpress.“Itisalsoamongthesectors（领域）hardesthitbytheeconomiccrisis.ByspreadingthewordaboutSmallBusinessSaturday，wecanhelpraiseawarenessaboutthecriticalrolesmallbusinessesplayincitiesandtownsacrossthecountryatatimewhentheyneedsupportthemost.”

MayorBloombergsaid，“Smallbusinessesarethegluethatholdscommunitiestogether，andwe’vealwayssoughtnewwaystosupportthem—somethingthatbecameevenmoreimportantwhenthenationaleconomicdownturnbegan.WhenKenChenaulttoldmeabouthisideaforSmallBusinessSaturday，Ijumpedattheopportunitytoparticipate.Thisyear，ifyouhavetheopportunitytoshopontheSaturdayafterThanksgiving，makeitapointtovisitlocalsmallbusinesses.Itreallycanmakeanenormousdifferenceformerchantstryingtosucceed.”

KenChenaulthopesthatsupportinglocalbusinesswillbemorethanjustaonedayevent.“Whenweinvestinsmallbusinesses，weareinvestinginMain_Streets—theplacesthatgiveourtownsandcitiesauniquesenseofplace，”saidMr.Chenault.“BycelebratingSmallBusinessSaturdayandshoppingatindependentbusinesses，everyonecanplayapartinstrengtheningoureconomyandsupportingrevitalization（复苏）onourMainStreets.”

【语篇解读】　随着美国一个全新的购物假日的出现，小企业的重要性再次凸显。

它的作用有目共睹，相关权威人士甚至把它看做是美国经济的基础

1．WecanknowfromthepassagethatSmallBusinessSaturday________.

A．wascreatedtoprotecttheenvironment

B．wasstartedbyAmericanExpress

C．hasawideinfluenceacrossAmerica

D．issupportedbymostholidayshoppers

解析　推理判断题。

结合第四段第一句的内容以及第五段中的“WhenKenChenaulttoldmeabouthisideaforSmallBusiness.Saturday”可推知，SmallBusinessSaturday是由美国运通创立的。

答案　B

2．WhowilldirectlybenefitfromSmallBusinessSaturday?

A．Individuals.　　　　　B．Holidayshoppers.

C．Smallbusinessowners.　　D．Bigbusinessowners.

解析　推理判断题。

结合第二段中的“tosupportsmallbusinessowners”可推知，从SmallBusinessSaturday中直接受益的是小企业主。

答案　C

3．AccordingtoKenChenault，whatarethebasesoftheUSeconomy?

A．Families.　　B．Communities.

C．Smallbusinesses.　　D．Bigbusinesses.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四段第一句的内容可知，KenChenault认为小企业是美国经济的基础。

答案　C

4．Whatdoes“MainStreets”（inthelastparagraph）referto?

A．SmallAmericanbusinesses.

B．Americantownsandcities.

C．TheUSeconomies.

D．BigAmericancompanies.

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句前半部分的内容以及本段最后一句的内容可推知“MainStreets”指的是美国的小企业。

答案　A

[二]

OneofthefoundingfathersoftheInternethaspredictedtheendoftraditionaltelevision.VintCerf，whohelpedtobuildtheInternetwhileworkingasaresearcherinAmerica，saidthatthetelevisionwasapproachingits“iPodmoment”．

InthesamewaythatpeoplenowdownloadtheirfavoritemusicontotheiriPod，hesaidthatviewerswouldsoonbedownloadingmostfavoriteprogramsontotheircomputers.“85%ofallvideoswewatchareprerecorded，soyoucansetyoursystemtodownloadthemallthetime，”saidMrCerf，whoisnowthevicepresidentofGoogle，theworld’slargestsearchengine.“You’restillgoingtoneedlivetelevisionforcertainthings—likenews，sportingeventsandemergencies—butincreasinglyitisgoingtobealmostliketheiPod.”

AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK，theBBC，ITVandChannel4haveallspentvastsumsofmoneyontechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavoriteshowsontheircomputers.

Butsomecritics（批评人士），includingsomeInternetserviceproviders，havewarnedthattheInternetwillcollapsewithmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogramsatthesametime.Overthenextfouryears，itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheInternetwillbefourtimesasbigasthat.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”，whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstogetittonormal.

ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scarethoughts”，sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothattheNetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitalltogether.“Inthepast30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes...We’refarfromreachingthecapacity，”hesaid，“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”

【语篇解读】　随着网络技术的发展，传统的电视将有可能退出历史的舞台。

1．WhatwouldhappentotelevisionaccordingtoVintCerf?

A．Televisionwouldcometoanend.

B．Televisionwouldbereplacedbythecomputer.

C．ViewerswouldpreferwatchingTVprogramsdownloadedontheircomputers.

D．MostpeoplewouldprefertheInternettotelevision.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句中的“viewerswouldsoonbedownloadingmostfavoriteprogramsontotheircomputers.”可知，人们喜欢将最喜欢的节目下载到电脑上进行观看，因此选C。

答案　C

2．“iPodmoment”referstothetimewhen________.

A．peoplecanenjoythelivebroadcastoftelevision

B．peoplecandownloadcontenttolookatlater

C．allprogramsarerecordedwithcarefulplan

D．thecomputerandtelevisionarecloselycombined

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段叙述可知，像把音乐下载到iPod一样，人们能将最喜欢的电视节目下载到电脑上，稍后观看，故B项正确。

答案　B

3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，MrCerfheldtheideathat______.

A．theInternetwillcollapsewithmanypeopledownloadingprogramsatthesametime

B．theNetwillcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstarttouseitalltogether

C．theInternetservicewillbreakdownwithmanyvideoswatchedovertheInternet

D．people’sdownloadingTVprogramsontheircomputerswon’tcausethecollapseoftheInternet

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段内容尤其是第一句可知，MrCerf认为即使人们把电视节目下载到电脑中，也不会导致网络瘫痪。

答案　D

[三]

Nowadayswomenappeartohaveapositiveimageofthemselvesassaferdriversthanmen.

InasurveydoneforinsurerMetLife,51%ofwomensaidtheydrivemoresafely.Theevidenceisontheirside：

Menare3.4timesmorelikelythanwomentogetaticketforcarelessdrivingand3.1timesaslikelytobepunishedfordrunkdriving.“Womenareonaveragelessaggressiveandmorelawabiding（守法的）drivers，whichleadstofeweraccidents，”thereportsays.However，notallmaledriverssharethesameopinion.OfthemensurveyedbyMetLife,39%claimedmaledriversweresafer.Thefindingsdidbackthemupononepoint：

automotiveknowledge.Thereportshowedthatmoremenarefamiliarwithcurrentsafetyequipmentsuchaselectronicstabilitycontrol，whichhelpspreventrolloveraccidents.

AutosafetyunavoidablymatterstoMoney.Insurancecompaniesfocusonwhatclassesofdrivershavethelowestdollaramountsofclaims，andfornow，thatmainlyincludeswomen.Ingeneral，womenpayabout9%lessforautoinsurancethanmen.AstudybythewebsiteInswebalsoshowedthatautoinsuranceratesarelowerforwomeninmoststates.Amongindividualstates，womengetthegreatest，advantageinWyoming（wheretheypay20%less），SouthDakotaandWashington，D.C.，wheretheirinsurancecostsare16%lower.

“Morethan11,900maledriversdiedinUStrafficaccidentsin2009，comparedwithjustunder4,900womendrivers”accordingtothestudy.“Basedonmilestraveled，mendiedatarateof2.5deathsper100millionmilestraveled，vs.1.7deathsforwomen.”

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章通过列举一些数据说明现在女性司机似乎比男性司机开车更加安全。

1．Accordingtothestudy，femaledrivers________.

A．aremoreaggressivewhiledriving

B．aremoreinterestedinautoknowledge

C．aremorelikelytostickdrivinglaws

D．aremorefamiliarwithsafetyequipment

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Womenareonaveragelessaggressiveandmorelawabiding（守法的）drivers.”可知，C项正确。

答案　C

2．Insurancecompaniesfocusonfemaledriverclientsprobablybecausethey________.

A．causemoreaccidentsontheroad

B．paymoremoneytotheinsurancecompanies

C．takethemostpartoftheinsuranceclients

D．havethelowestamountofmoneyoninsuranceclaims

解析　推理判断题。

根据第三段第一、二句话可知，对保险公司而言，机动车安全与钱息息相关的，越是安全的驾驶人员索赔就相应的越少，而与男性相比女性司机驾驶更为安全，所以深受保险公司的青睐。

答案　D

3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A．menare3.1timesmorelikelytogetticketsthanwomen

B．allwomenintheUSApaythesamefortheirautoinsurance

C．morefemaledriversdieeveryyearthanmaledrivers

D．womenaregenerallysaferdriversthantheoppositegender

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段可知，女性司机相比男性司机而言驾驶更加安全，故选D。

根据第二段中的“Menare3.4timesmorelikely...togetaticket...”可知，A项错误；根据第三段最后一句可知，B项错误；根据最后一段第一句可知，C项错误。

答案　D

4．Thewritermainlydevelopsparagraphsby________.

A．givingexamples　　　B．makingcomparisons

C．drawingaconclusion　　D．presentinganargument

解析　推理判断题。

根据文中第二至四段中的数据对比可知，作者将女性司机与男性司机进行比较，从而得出女性司机比男性司机更安全的结论，故选B。

答案　B

[四]

Withmoreandmorecarsontheroad，trafficjamsareinevitable.Trafficjamscanleadtoincreasedaccidentsastherearemorecars，withmorepeopletryingtogettotheirdestination，allthewhilegettingworse.Althoughit'simpossibletoavoidtrafficjamsaltogether，therearesometipsyoucanfollowtoreducetheamountoftimeontheroad.

Checkfortrafficjamsbeforeyouleave.Youcanlistentotheradiofortrafficnews，orcheckontheInternettogetuptominuteinformationontraffic.Iftherouteyouwanttotakeisheavywithtraffic，youcanchooseanother.

Lookforadifferentroutepermanently.Mosttrafficjamsoccuronbusyroads.Usingcountryroadscouldse