部分中文释义 Baudrillard The body.docx

部分中文释义 Baudrillard The body.docx

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部分中文释义BaudrillardThebody

一为重要可引用的理论

一为重要的术语短语或例子

8:

TheFinestConsumerObject:

TheBody

Intheconsumerpackage,thereisoneobjectfiner,morepreciousandmoredazzlingthananyother--andevenmoreladenwithconnotationsthantheautomobile,inspiteofthefactthatthatencapsulatesthemall.ThatobjectistheBODY.Its`rediscovery',inaspiritofphysicalandsexualliberation,afteramillennialageofpuritanism;itsomnipresence（specificallytheomnipresenceofthefemalebody,afactweshallhavetotrytoexplain）inadvertising,fashionandmassculture;thehygienic,dietetic,therapeuticcultwhichsurroundsit,theobsessionwithyouth,elegance,virility/femininity,treatmentsandregimes,andthesacrificialpracticesattachingtoitallbearwitnesstothefactthatthebodyhastodaybecomeanobjectofsalvation.（鲍德里亚说，“在消费的全套装备中，有一种比其他一切都更美丽、更珍贵、更光彩夺目的物品——它比负载了全部内涵的汽车还要负载了更沉重的内涵。

这便是身体……特别是女性身体在广告、时尚、大众文化的完全出场。

今天的一切都证明身体变成了救赎物品，”身体成为消费社会急需我们“重新发现”的矿藏。

 ）Ithasliterallytakenoverthatmoralandideologicalfunctionfromthesoul.

Unremittingpropagandaremindsusthat,inthewordsoftheoldhymn,wehaveonlyonebodyandithastobesaved.Forcenturies,therewasarelentlessefforttoconvincepeopletheyhadnobodies（thoughtheywereneverreallyconvinced）;today,thereisarelentlessefforttoconvincethemoftheirbodies.Thereissomethingstrangeaboutthis.Isnotthebodythemostobviousofthings?

Itseemsnot.Thebodyisaculturalfact.Now,inanyculturewhatsoever,themodeoforganizationoftherelationtothebodyreflectsthemodeoforganizationoftherelationtothingsandofsocialrelations.Inacapitalistsociety,thegeneralstatusofprivatepropertyappliesalsotothebody,tothewayweoperatesociallywithitandthementalrepresentationwehaveofit.Inthetraditionalorder--inthecaseofthepeasant,forexample--therewasnonarcissisticinvestmentorspectacularperceptionofhisbody,butaninstrumental/magicalvision,inducedbythelabourprocessandtherelationtonature.

Whatwewanttoshowisthatthecurrentstructuresofproduction/consumptioninduceinthesubjectadualpractice,linkedtoasplit（butprofoundlyinterdependent）representationofhis/herownbody:

therepresentationofthebodyascapitalandasfetish（orconsumerobject）.Inbothcases,itisimportantthat,farfromthebodybeingdeniedorleftoutofaccount,thereisdeliberateinvestmentinit（inthetwosenses,economicandpsychical,oftheterm）.

--130--

TheSecretKeystoYourBody

AfineexampleofthismanagedreappropriationofthebodyisprovidedbyElle,inanarticleentitled`Thesecretkeystoyourbodywhichunlockthedoortocomplex-freeliving'.

‘Yourbodyisbothyourouterlimitandyoursixthsense,'thearticlebegins,anditassumesaseriousairbyrecountingthepsycho-genesisoftheappropriationofthebodyanditsimage:

`Ataroundsixmonths,youbegantoperceive,asyetveryobscurely,thatyouhadadistinctbody.'After-anallusiontothemirror-stage（`psychologistscallthis...'）andatimidallusiontoerogenouszones（`Freudsaysthat...'）,itcomestothecentralpoint:

‘Areyouateaseinyourbody?

'Rightaway,incomesBrigitteBardot（BB）:

she`isateaseinherbody'.‘Everythingaboutherisbeautiful:

herneck,herback,particularlythesmalloftheback...BB'ssecret?

Shereallyinhabitsherbody.Sheislikealittleanimalwhopreciselyfillsupherdress.'（Doessheinhabitherbodyorherdress?

Whichofthese,thebodyorthedress,ishersecondhome?

Thisispreciselythepoint:

shewearsherbodylikeadress,andthismakes`inhabiting'afashioneffect,a`package'effect,andrelatesittoaludicprinciplewhichisfurtherreinforcedbythe`littleanimal'reference.）If,inthepast,itwas`thesoulwhichclothedthebody',todayitistheskinwhichclothesit,thoughnottheskinasirruptionofnudity（and,hence,ofdesire）,butasprestigegarmentandsecondhome,assignandasfashionreference（andthereforesubstitutableforthedresswithoutchangeofmeaning,ascanbeseeninthecurrentexploitationofnudityinthetheatreandelsewhere,where,inspiteofthefalsesexualpathos,itappearsasonemoreterminthefashionparadigm）.

Letusreturntoourtext.‘Youhavetobeintouchwithyourself,youhavetolearntoreadyourbody'（ifyoudon't,youareanti-BB）.

Lieonthegroundandstretchoutyourarms.Nowrunthemiddlefingerofyourrighthandveryslowlyalongthatinvisiblelinewhichrunsfromtheringfingerrightalongthearmtothecrookoftheelbowandthearmpit.You'llfindthesamelineonyourlegs.Thesearelinesofsensitivity.Thisisyourcartedutender.Thereareotherlinesoftendresse:

alongthespinalcolumn,onthenapeoftheneck,thestomach,theshoulders...Ifyoudonotknowthem,thenrepressionoccursinyourbody,asitdoesinyourpsyche...Theterritoriesofthebodywhichyoursensitivitydoesnotinhabit,whichyourthinkingdoesnotvisit,areill-favouredareas...Thecirculationispoor;thereisalackofmuscletone.Or,alternatively,cellulite[!

]tendstosettlethereonceandforall.

Inotherwords:

ifyoudon'tmakeyourbodilydevotions,ifyousinbyomission,youwillbepunished.Everythingthatailsyoucomesfrombeingculpablyirresponsibletowardsyourself（yourownsalvation）.Quiteapartfromtheatmosphereofsingularmoralterrorismwhichinfusesthiscartedutender（andwhichequateswithpuritanterrorism,exceptthatinthiscaseitisnolongerGodpunishingyou,butyourownbody--asuddenlymaleficent,repressiveagencywhichtakesitsrevengeifyouarenotgentlewithit）,onecanseehowthisdiscourse,undertheguiseofreconcilingeveryonewiththeirownbody,doesinfactreintroduce,betweenthesubjectandtheobjectivizedbodyasthreateningdouble,thesamerelationswhicharethoseofsociallife,thesamedeterminationswhicharethoseofsocialrelations:

blackmail,repression,persecutionsyndrome,conjugalneurosis（thesamewomenwhoreadthiswillreadafewpagesfurtheronthatiftheyarenotaffectionatetotheirhusbands,theywillbeartheresponsibilityforthefailureoftheirmarriages）.Apart,then,fromthislatentterrorism,directedinEllemoreparticularlyatwomen,whatisinterestingisthesuggestionthatoneshouldrevertbackintoone'sownbodyandinvestitnarcissistically`fromtheinside',notinanysensetogettoknowitindepth,but,byawhollyfetishisticandspectacularlogic,toformitintoasmoother,moreperfect,morefunctionalobjectfortheoutsideworld.分开,然后,从这个潜在的恐怖主义,直接在艾丽更特别在妇女,什么是有趣的是建议,应该恢复到自己的身体和投资十分“内部”,而不是任何意义去了解它在深度,但是,通过一个完全迷信的和壮观的逻辑,它变成一个更平稳、更完美、更功能对象的外部世界。

Thisnarcissisticrelation--itisamanagednarcissism,operatingonthebodyasincolonizedvirgin`territory',`affectionately'[tendrement]exploringthebodylikeadeposittobeminedinordertoextractfromitthevisiblesignsofhappiness,health,beauty,andtheanimalitywhichtriumphsinthemarketplaceoffashion--findsitsmysticalexpressioninthereaders'confessionswhichfollow:

`Iwasdiscoveringmybody.Icouldfeelitinallitspurity.'这个自恋的关系——这是一个管理的自恋、操作对身体在殖民处女的领土”、“亲切地”[tendrement]探索身体像一个存款是为了提取开采从它的可见的幸福、健康、美丽、和兽性,在市场上成功的时尚——发现其神秘的表达式在读者的自白,遵循:

“我发现我的身体。

我能感觉到它在所有它的纯度。

And,evenbetter:

`ItwasasthoughIwasbeinghuggedbymybody.Ibegantoloveit.And,lovingit,IwantedtocareforitwiththesameaffectionIfeltformychildren.'Whatissignificantisthisregressiveinvolutionofaffectivityintothebody-as-child,thebody-as-trinket--inexhaustiblemetaphorofapenischerished,cradledand...castrated.Inthissense,thebody,becomethefinestobjectofsolicitude,monopolizesforitselfallso-callednormalaffectivity（towardsotherrealpersons）,without,however,takingonavalueofitsown,since,inthisprocessofaffectivererouting[détournement],anyotherobjectcan,bythesamefetishisticlogic,playthisrole.Thebodyissimplythefinestofthesepsychicallypossessed,manipulatedandconsumedobjects.

Butthemainthingisthatthisnarcissisticreinvestment,orchestratedasamystiqueofliberationandaccomplishment,isinfactalwayssimultaneouslyaninvestmentofanefficient,competitive,economictype.Thebody`reappropriated'inthiswayisreappropriatedfirsttomeet`capitalist'objectives:

.Thebodyisnotreappropriatedfortheautonomousendsofthesubject,butintermsofanormativeprincipleofenjoymentandhedonisticprofitability,intermsofanenforcedinstrumentalitythatisindexedtothecodeandthenormsofasocietyofproductionandmanagedconsumption.被重新占有,依据的并不是主体的自主目标,而是一种娱乐及享乐主义效益的标准化原则、一种直接与一个生产及指导性消费的社会编码规则及标准相联系的工具约束。

Inotherwords,onemanagesone'sbody;onehandlesitasonemighthandleaninheritance;onemanipulatesitasoneofthemanysignifiersofsocialstatus.Thewomanwhosaidshe`wantedtocareforitwiththesameaffection[she]feltfor[her]children'immediatelyadds:

`Ibegantovisitbeauticians...Thepeoplewhosawmeafterthatcrisisfoundmehappier,betterlooking.'`Recuperated'asaninstrumentofenjoymentandanindicatorofprestige,thebodyisthensubjectedtoalabourofinvestment（solicitude,obsession）which,oncethemythofliberationthatactsascoverispeeledaway,doubtlessrepresentsamoreprofoundlyalienatedlabourthantheexploitationofthebodyaslabourpower.

FunctionalBeauty

身体异化的突出表现是其功用性特征。

其中美丽和色情是两个核心主题。

美丽既不是自然的效果，也和道德品质无关。

但是，对于女性来说，它却是绝对命令，因为它是“交换着的符号的一种材料，它是作为价值／符号运作着的”，它是资本的一种形式。

因为身体在这里发生了一种蜕变——从具体价值、使用价值向功用性交换价值的蜕变。

而作为另一个功用性主题的色情，其在消费社会中的一个典型特征则是交换的普遍化，它与本来意义上的性欲是具有明显不同的。

“在身体／冲动、身体，幻觉中占主导地位的是欲望的个体结构。

而在‘色情化’的身体中，起主导地位的则是交换的社会功能。

”因此，在消费社会中，功用性的色情必然要受到工具化编