全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读一试题.docx

全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读一试题.docx

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全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读一试题

全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读

（一）试题

I.CarefulReading.（40points,2pointsforeach）

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswersandwritethecorrespondinglettersonyourAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Althoughnooneiscertainwhymigrationoccurs,thereareseveraltheories.OnetheoryisbaseduponthepremisethatprehistoricbirdsoftheNorthernHemispherewereforcedsouthduringtheIceAge,whenglacierscoveredlargepartsofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.Astheglaciersmelted,thebirdscamebacktotheirhomelands,spentthesummer,andthenwentsouthagainastheiceadvancedinwinter.Intime,themigrationbecameahabit,andnow,althoughtheglaciershavedisappeared,thehabitcontinues.

Anothertheoryproposesthattheancestralhomeofallmodernbirdswasthetropics.Whentheregionbecameoverpopulated,manyspecieswerecrowdednorth.Duringthesummer,therewasplentyoffood,butduringthewinter,scarcityforcedthemtoreturntothetropics.

Amorerecenttheory,knownasphotoperiodism,suggestsarelationshipbetweenincreasingdaylightandthestimulation,ofcertainglandsinthebirds’bodiesthatmaypreparethemformigration.Onescientisthasbeenabletocausemidwintermigrationsbyexposingbirdstoartificialperiodsofdaylight.Hehasconcludedthatchangesoccurinthebodiesofbirdsduetoseasonalchangesinthelengthofdaylight.

1.Accordingtoonetheory,whentheglaciersdisappeared,birds_______.

A.stoppedmigratingB.continuedmigrating

C.beganmigratingagainD.migratedsouthandstayedthere

2.Theauthorstatesthatbirdsleftthetropicsbecause_______.

A.therewasnotenoughfoodthereinthewinter

B.thereweretoomanybirds

C.thereweretoomanyglaciers

D.therewastoomuchdaylight

3.Whydidonescientistexposebirdstoartificialdaylight?

A.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandchangesintheseason.

B.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweenmigrationandtemperature.

C.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandmigration.

D.Becausehewantedtotesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandadiseaseoftheglandscommontobirds.

4.Accordingtothetheoryofphotoperiodism,_______.

A.birdsshouldmigrateinthemiddleofthewinter

B.increasingdaylightincreasesthedistanceofmigration

C.seasonalchangesinthelengthofdaysdonotaffectmigration

D.longerdayscausechangesinthebodiesofbirds

5.Thispassagesupportsthebeliefthat_______.

A.exactreasonsformigrationarenotknown

B.birdsmigratebecauseofchangesintemperature

C.theancestralhomeofallbirdswasthetropics

D.glacierscausedbirdstomigrate

PassageTwo

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhenChristopherColumbuslandedintheNewWorld,theNorthAmericancontinentwasanareaofastonishingethnicandculturaldiversity.NorthoftheRioGrande,whichnowmarkstheborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandMexico,hasapopulationofover12millionpeoplerepresentingapproximately400distinctcultures,500languages,andaremarkablevarietyofpoliticalandreligiousinstitutionsandphysicalandethnictypes,ComparedtotheEuropeans,theIndianpeopleswereextraordinarilyheterogeneous,andtheyoftenviewedtheEuropeansasjustanothertribe.

ThesevariedtribalcultureswereasdiversifiedasthelandtheIndiansinhabited.InthehighplainsoftheDakotas,theMandandevelopedapeacefulcommunalsocietycenteredaroundagriculture.Onlyafewhundredmilesaway,however,innorthwesternMontana,theBlackfeetturnedfromagricultureandbegantousehorses,whichhadbeenintroducedbytheSpaniards.Asskilledriders,theybecamehuntersandfightersanddevelopedafierceandaggressiveculturecenteredaroundthebuffalo.IntheeasternwoodlandssurroundingtheGreatLakes,thePotawatomiswereexpertfishermen,canoebuilders,andhunters.IntheNortheast,thesixIroquoisnationswereamongthemostpoliticallysophisticatedpeopleintheworld,formingthefamedIroquoisConfederation,whichincludedtheSenecasandtheMohawks.Thisconfederation,withitssystemofchecksandbalances,providedamodelfortheUnitedStatesConstitution.

6.Abouthowmanydifferentculturesexistedamongthefifteenth-centuryNorthAmericanIndians?

A.400.B.500.

C.600.D.1200.

7.TheMandantribescouldbestbeclassifiedas________.

A.huntersB.canoebuilders

C.farmersD.fishermen

8.Beforetheintroductionofhorses,theBlackfeettribeswere________.

A.peacefulfarmersB.aggressivehunters

C.fiercewarriorsD.skillfulsailors

9.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelife-stylesofthevariousAmericanIndiantribeswereinfluencedmostby________.

A.contactwithothertribesB.environmentalresources

C.contactwithEuropeansD.governmentalorganization

10.Accordingtothepassage,howwastheorganizationoftheIroquoisConfederationaforerunneroftheUnitedStatesConstitution?

A.Itwasaunionofsmallerunits.

B.Ithadarepresentativegovernment

C.Itsformofgovernmenthadasophisticatedwayofselectingjudges.

D.Itspowerwasregulatedbyasystemofchecksandbalances.

PassageThree

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Unfortunately,mostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:

ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparedto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlylacking.

Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscore,whichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmswerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

11.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofthesciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere_______.

A.betterthan2001:

ASpaceOdyssey

B.notasgoodas2001:

ASpaceOdyssey

C.almostthesameasStarWars

D.betterthanStarWars

12.Thethemeofthemajorityofsciencefictionfilmsmadebetween1970and1977was_______.

A.spacetravelB.lifeonotherplanets

C.ecologicalproblemsonearthD.warsbetweentheearthandotherplanets

13.Theauthorbelievesthatthebestsciencefictionmoviemadeinthe1970swas_______.

A.2001:

ASpaceOdysseyB.Survivors

C.ChroniclesD.StarWars

14.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywas2001successful?

A.Becauseitsbudgetwaslarge.

B.Becauseitscameraworkandmusicalscorewereblendedartistically.

C.Becauseitsplotwasrepetitive.

D.Becauseitssymbolismwasverygood.

15.Whatdoestheauthormostobjecttointhesciencefictionmoviesofthe1970s?

A.Heobjectstotheircamerawork.

B.Hedoesnotliketheirmusic.

C.Hebelievesthattheirstoriesaretoomuchalike.

D.Hecriticizestheirspecialeffects.

PassageFour

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AstheSouthwasbeginningtofinditselfaftertheAmericanCivilWar,theNorth,too,focuseditsinterestonthelandsbelowtheMason-DixonLine.NorthernersswarmedovertheSouth:

journalists,agentsofprospectiveinvestors,speculatorswithplansforrailroads,writersanxioustoexposethemselvestoanewenvironment.

OneofthesewasConstanceFenimoreWoolson,ayoungwomanfromNewHampshire,agrandnieceofJamesFenimoreCooper,who,likemanyNortherners,wasdrawntotheunhappySouthbyaffection,compassion,admiration,orthecharmofthelifethere.Withhersingulargiftofminuteobservationandatalentforanalysis,herimaginationlingeredovertherelicsoftheancientSouth,thequaintlyemblazonedtabletsandcolonialtombs,thewreckedoldmansionsthatstoodnearby,perhapsinruinedricelands,amiddesolatedfieldsandbrokendikes.SuchwasthedwellingontheGeorgiaseaislandthatsidledandleanedinJupiterLightswithoneofitsrooflesswingsfallingintothecellar.AfterSt.Augustine,CharlestonespeciallyattractedMissWoolson,crumblingasitwasbutaristocraticstill.

Inalaternovel,HoraceChase,oneofthebestofallherbooks,sheanticipatedThomasWolfeindescribingAsheville,inwhichtheyoungcapitalistfrom