高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题类型及其解题技巧及解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题类型及其解题技巧及解析.docx

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高考英语阅读理解科普环保试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

   Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

   Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

   Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

   Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas（画布）forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

   Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?

AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED（二极管）screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

   Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."

（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. Screendevicesonthemarket.                        

B. Foldableageisarriving.

C. Possiblepowersofatablet.                             

D. Foldablescreensareimperfect.

（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?

A. Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.

B. TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.

C. Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.

D. Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.

（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?

A. Theyareeasytobreak.                                    

B. Theyareinconvenienttocarry.

C. Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.                

D. Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?

A. Worried.                        

B. Cautious.                        

C. Positive.                        

D. Unconcerned.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。

”

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗?

；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”现在，类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。

可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas（画布）forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。

“这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。

”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。

”故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。

例如华为MateX的价格是17500元人民币。

这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。

可知，目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。

可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Asingledose（剂量）ofanexperimentalvaccine（疫苗）canprotectmiceagainsttheZika（寨卡）virus,raisingrenewedhopeofavaccineforhumans,sayscientists.TheUSteamsaytheresults,publishedinNature,are"striking"andshouldencourageresearchefforts.

   Testsinhumanscouldbegininmonths.Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway,expertsadvise.ZikahasbeenspreadingacrossCentralandSouthAmericaand,mostrecently,Africa.Morethan60countriesandterritoriesnowhavecontinuingtransmission（传播）ofthedisease,whichiscarriedbymosquitoes.Theviruscausesseriousbirthdamagesduringpregnancyandhasbeendeclaredaglobalpublichealthemergency.

   Now,developingavaccineforpregnantwomentoprotecttheirunbornbabiesisaninternationalresearchpriority（优先事项）.USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice–onebasedonbitsofgenetic（基因的）codefromthevirusandanotherthatisaninactive（andthereforeharmless）copyofZika.Bothworkedwell,protectingeverymousethatwasimmunisedagainstthevirus.Incomparison,allofthemicenotgiventhevaccinecaughtZikaaftertheywereexposedtoit.

   Researcherssaytheywillpushaheadwithdevelopingtheneededvirusvaccine.Therearemanyexistingvaccinesforotherdiseasethatusethistypeoftechnology,whiletherearerelativelyfewDNAbasedvaccines.Ofcourse,futuretestswillneedtocheckthevaccineissafeandeffectiveinhumans,aswellashowlongtheimmunitymightlast.

（1）Ifthetestsinhumansgosmoothly,     .

A. avaccineforuseinthelaboratorywillbestillbeyearsaway.

B. pregnantwomeninAfricawillbethefirsttobenefitfromthevaccine.

C. alicensedvaccinewillstillnotbeaccessibleinashortterm.

D. TheZikaviruswillcauselessseriousbirthdefectsduringpregnancyinmonths.

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A. manycountriesareactivelyinvolvedintheresearchoftheZikavaccine.

B. USscientistshavetestedmorethantwotypesofZikavaccineinmice.

C. NoneofthemicegiventhevaccinecaughtZika.

D. Itisstillunknownwhetherthevaccineissafeandeffective.

（3）Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A. Zikavaccine'worksverywell'inmice

B. Zikavaccinestillhasalongwaytogo

C. InternationalresearchesintoZikahavepaidoff

D. MoreattentionhasbeenpaidtoZikavaccine

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway"可知，但是，即使这些进展顺利，一种广泛用于保护高危人群的授权疫苗仍需数年时间，也就是说如果人体试验进展顺利的话，短期内仍无法获得授权疫苗，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice"可知，美国科学家在白鼠身上只测试了两种而不是两种以上的寨卡病毒，故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的"Asingledose（剂量）ofanexperimentalvaccine（疫苗）canprotectmiceagainsttheZika（寨卡）virus,"可知，一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是寨卡病毒疫苗对小白鼠非常有效，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

   Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

   Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

   Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

   Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

   Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

   270-400olivebaleenplates

   Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual（groove-throated）family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas（NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga）andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

   Similarspecies:

Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

   Protectionstatus:

Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.

（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?

A. Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.

B. Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.

C. Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.

D. Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.