新视野第四册sentence structure.docx

新视野第四册sentence structure.docx

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新视野第四册sentencestructure

Sentencestructure

Unit1

A.completethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,usingtheexpression“otherthan”

1.Wenevergotochurchothertanforfuneralsandweddings.（除了去参加葬礼和婚礼之外）

2.Ihavenoambitiousotherthantoliveanindependentlife.（除了过一种独立的生活之外）

3.Heinsiststhedesignshavenogreatmeanings,otherthanthattheyappealedtohiseye.（除了他们很吸引他的眼球之外）

4.Hedoesn’teatpork,butotherthanthat,he’lleatjustabouteverything.（但除此外，他什么都吃）

5.Idon’tknowtheexactlocationofthechurch,otherthanthatit’ssomewhereinthetowncenter.（除了知道它在市中心的某个地方）

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“would/need/should/might/musthavedone”structure.

1.Withallthisworkonhand,heshouldn’thavebeentothecinemalastnight.（昨晚不应该去看电影）

2.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer（会告诉他答案）haditbeenpossible,butIwassobusythen.

3.Theyhurriedthereonlytofindthemeetingcanceled.Infact,theyneedn’thavegoneatall.（他根本不需要去）

4.IfHenrydidnotattendtheconferencelastnight,hemusthavehadtoomuchworktodo.（一定是有很多工作要做）

5.Philipmighthavebeeninjuredseriously（可能受了重伤）inthecaraccident.

Unit2

Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.Use“if…had+pastparticiple”intheif-clause,and“would/could+have+pastparticiple”inthemainclause.

1.Ihadnoideathatyouwerecoming.SoIdidn’tmeetyouattheairport.

IfIhadknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavemetyouattheairport.

2.Hedidnottrytoleavethecountry.Sohewasnotstoppedattheborder.

Ifhehadtriedtoleavethecountry,hewouldhavebeenstoppedattheborder.

3.Wedidnotfindhimearlier.Sowecouldnotsavehislife.

Ifwehadfoundhimearlier,wecouldhavesavedhislife.

4.Ifailedtocatchthatplane.SoIwasluckynottobekilledintheaircrash

IfIhadcaughtthatplane,Iwouldhavebeenkilledintheaircrash.

5.Hewasinpoorhealth.Sohedidn’twritemanybooks.

Ifhehadbeeningoodhealth,hecouldhavewrittenmanybooks.

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“it”astheformalsubjects.

1.Withsomuchgoingonattheoffice,itisawondertofind（令人吃惊地发现）thatMr.Lawrencehasmuchtimeleftforanythingelse.

2.Itisasurpriseforustofind（我们非常吃惊地发现）thattelevisionenjoysitsgreatestcompetitiveadvantageoninformation.

3.You’llsoonfindthatitisawasteoftimetoarguewithhim.（与他争论是浪费时间）

4.Itisacomforttoknow（令人宽慰地了解到）thatthere’salwayssomeonetokeepaneyeonthekids.

5.Itisareliefforustoknow我们宽慰地了解到）thatthedriverwasabletocontrolthecarduringthestormweather.

Unit3

Studythemodelsandrewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesusingthestructure“beV-ed+to”withtheverbprovided.Payattentiontothetenseandvoiceinthestructure

Model1:

Peoplesupposethatawelfareclientcheats.（suppose）

Awelfareclientissupposedtocheat.

Model2:

Itisreportedthattwopeoplewerekilledintheexplosion.（report）

Twopeoplearereportedtohavebeenkilledintheexplosion.

1.PeoplebelievethatthewantedmanislivinginNewYork.（believe）

ThewantedmanisbelievedtobelivinginNewYork.

2.Itissaidthatmanypeoplearehomelessafterthefloods.（say）

Manypeoplearesaidtobehomelessafterthefloods.

3.Peoplesaythatthreemenwerearrestedaftertheexplosion.（say）

Threemenaresaidtohavebeenarrestedaftertheexplosion.

4.Itisthoughtthattheprisonerescapedbyclimbingoverthewall.（think）

Theprisoneristhoughttohaveescapedbyclimbingoverthewall.

5.Itisreportedthatfourpeoplewereseriouslyinjuredintheaccident.（report）

Fourpeoplearereportedtohavebeenseriouslyinjuredintheaccident.

ThereareverbsinEnglishthatcanbefollowedeitherbyaninfinitiveoran“-ing”form,butwithdifferentmeanings.Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeverbinbracketsandtakecaretothinkwhethertouse“-ing”formorinfinitive.

Model:

Thegovernmentnolongertookcareofourchairs.（stop）

Thegovernmentstoppedtakingcareofourchairs.

1.Hedidsendherflowers,butitdidn’thaveanyeffect.

Hetriedsendingherflowers,butitdidn’thaveanyeffect.

2.Idon’tfeelsorryabouttellingherwhatIthought,evenifIupsether.（regret）

Idon’tregrettellingherwhatIthought,evenifIupsether.

3.ThewindowwasbrokenbecauseIdidn’tcloseitwhenIleft.（forget）

ThewindowwasbrokenbecauseIforgottocloseitwhenIleft.

4.Wefeelsorrybutwehavetoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedareoutofstock.（regret）

Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedareoutofstock.

5.Hefirstwelcomedthenewstudentandthenexplainedcollegeregulations.（goon）

Hewelcomedthenewstudentandthenwentontoexplainthecollegeregulations.

Unit4

“Ratherthan”isusedlikeaconjunctiontolinkwordsorexpressionsofthesametype.Combinethefollowingsentencesusing“ratherthan”.

1.Concentrateonindoordelightsandyou’llbemuchbetterappropriated.Don’tconcentrateonoutdoorfights.

Concentrateonindoordelightsratherthanoutdoorfightsandyou’llbemuchbetterappreciated.

2.Asaresultofthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologymanypeoplemayeventuallybeabletoworkathome.Theydon’thavetogototheoffice.

Asaresultof……workathomeratherthangototheoffice.

3.Somepeoplesaythatthepupils’achievementsthistermwillbemeasuredbyaformaltest.Theyarenottobemeasuredbytheirteacher’sassessment.

Somepeoplesay……byaformaltestratherthantheirteacher’sassessment.

4.Theyarguedthattheirproductsshouldbedevelopedonthebasisofneed.Productsshouldnotbedevelopedonthebasisofprofit.

Theyargued……onthebasisofneedratherthanprofit.

5.Duringweekendsthebusinessmenmayspendtimeestablishingfriendshipandmutualtrust.Theywouldnotdiscussanyparticularitemofbusiness.

Duringweekends……establishingfriendshipandmutualtrustratherthandiscussinganyparticularitemofbusiness.

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“twiceas…as”,“threetimesas…as”,etc.

1.Pricesaregoingupsorapidly.Petrolnowistwiceasexpensiveasitwasafewyearsago.（现在汽油的价格是几年前的两倍）

2.Haveyouvisitedtheirhouse?

Theirsisaboutthreetimesasbigasours.（他们的屋子大约是我们的三倍大小）

3.Thecompanyestimatesitsannualrevenueperaveragecustomeratabout$2,000ascomparedto$860intheUnitedStates.That’spartlyduetothefactthatLatinAmericanconsumerstalktwotofourtimesaslongasonthephoneaspeopleinNorthAmerican.（拉丁美洲电话客户的通话时间是北美洲客户的二至四倍）

4.Inspiteofthefactthatthefeeforcellphonesistypicallytwiceasmuchasforcallsmadeoverfixedlines,移动电话的资费通常是固定电话资费的两倍）theyarestillverypopular,especiallyamongtheyoungpeople.

5.Fiber-opticcableisatremendouslyefficientcarrierofinformation.Lasersshootinglightthroughglassfibercantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire.（可以传送高达标准电话线25万倍的数据）

Unit5

Studythemodelsentenceof“not/neverso…as”structureandrewritethefollowingsentencesusingthesamestructure.

Model:

Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwassocompanionableassolitude.

1.Thedistancebetweenthemisgreat,butitisnotunbridgeable.

Thedistancebetweenthemisnotsogreatastobeunbridgeable.

2.Theunityofthemasseswiththepartyisstrongerthanever

Theunityofthemasseswiththepartyisneversostrongasitisnow

3.ThepunishmentwasharshbecauseMaggiewouldloseherposition,butshewasluckynottoloseherpay.

ThepunishmentwasharshbecauseMaggiewouldloseherposition,butitwasnotsobadaslosingherpay.

4.I’veheardtheterriblenoiseonceortwicebefore,butthisoneislouder.

I’veheardtheterriblenoiseonceortwicebefore,butneversoloudasthisone.

5.Menaremorepeaceful,moregracefulwitheachotherthanever.

Menareneversopeaceful,sogracefuleachotherastheyarenow.

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“mightaswell”

1.Myfatheralwaysgetsinformationfromthelocallibrary.Youmightaswellgotheretoseewhetherthereistheinformationyouneed.（你不妨去那里看看有没有你需要的资料）

2.Whileyoulivealone,youcandoasyoulike.Wemightaswellcallitfreedom.（我们不妨称之为自由吧）

3.Theymissyouverymuch.Youmightaswellringandtellthemyou’regoingtovisitthem.（你不妨打电话告诉他们你要去看望他们）

4.It’snogoodwaitingforthebus.Wemightaswellwalkhome.（我们不妨走回家吧）

5.Thispassageistoodifficultforustoread.Wemightaswellfindaneasieronetoread.（我们不妨找一篇容易一些的读吧）

Unit6

Whenthesubjectofasentenceisaninfinitiveorathat-clause,itisnotusualtoputitatthebeginning.Moreoften,weusethepattern“Itis+adjective+todo/that-clause”.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththepatterndiscussed.

1.togotherenextMondayispointless—there’sapublicholiday.

It’spointlesstogotherenextMonday—there’sapublicholiday.

2.totalkabouthavinghighmoralstandardsiseasy,but,inpractice,whatwouldonereallydoinsuchasituation?

It’seasytotalkabouthavinghighmoralstandards,inpractice,whatwouldonereallydoinsuchasituation?

3.toseedifferentculturesandwaysoflifeisinteresting.

4.It’sinterestingtoseedifferentculturesandwaysoflife.

5.Thatsherefusestotalktoyouisreallyastonishing.

Itisreallyastonishingthatsherefusestotalktoyou.

6.Thatshecomesstraighttomewhenshearrivesisimportant.

Itisimportantthatshecomesstraighttomewhenshearrives.

“suppose”canbeusedasaconjunction.Asaconjunction,“suppose”isfollow