语言学树型图.docx

语言学树型图.docx

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语言学树型图

a）Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.

InflP（=S）

NPVP

NAuxVNP

DetANP

NCONN

Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants

OR

InflP（=S）

NPVP

NInflVNP

DetANP

NCONN

Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants

b）Helenputonherclothesandwentout.

S

NPVP

NVPCONVP

VPNPVAdv

VPDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

NPstVPCONVP

VPNPVAdv

VPDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

c）Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

S

NPVP

NVPCONVP

VPNPVPNP

VAPNVAPN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

NPresVPCONVP

VPNPVPNP

VAPNVAPN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a）YouknowthatIhatewar.

S

NPVP

CP

NVCS

NPVP

NVNP

N

YouknowthatIhatewar

ORCP

CInflP（=S）

NPInflVP

CP

NPresVCS

NPVP

NVNP

N

YouknowthatIhatewar

b）Gerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.

S

NPVP

NVPNP

CP

AuxNegVNPCS

DetNNPVP

NVNP

DetAN

GerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

c）ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.

S

NPVP

CP

NVLACS

NPVP

DetNVNPNP

NDetN

ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce

d）Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.

S

NPVP

CP

DetNVPCS

VPNPVP

NVNP

N

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings

7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.

a）Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVAP

CSP

NPInflVP

NVNP

N

Theessayhewrotethatwasexcellent

SurfaceStructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVAP

CSP

NPNPInflVP

NNPstVNP

N

Theessaythathewroteewasexcellent

c）Herbertboughtahousethatsheloved.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPVP

NInflVNP

CP

DetNCS

NPInflVP

NP

NV

N

Herbertboughtahouseshelovedthat

SurfaceStructure

CP

CS

NPVP

NInflVNP

CP

DetNS

C

NPInflVP

NPNP

NV

NN

Herbertboughtahouse（that）shelovede

d）Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVPP

PNP

CInflS

N

NPVP

NVPNP

VN

Thegirlheadoreswhommajorsinlinguistics

SurfaceStructure

CP

CS

NPVP

DetNCPVPP

PNP

CS

N

NPNPInflVP

NNVPNP

VN

Thegirlwhomheadoresemajorsinlinguistics

8.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.

a）Wouldyoucometomorrow?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

VP

NPAdvP

NInflVAdv

youwouldcometomorrow

Surfacestructure

CP

CS

VP

NPAdvP

Infl

NInflVAdv

wouldyouecometomorrow

f）WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

VP

NPPP

NPNP

NInflVP

NDetN

HelenPst（did）bringwhattotheparty

Surfacestructure

CP

NPCS

VP

NInflNPPP

NPNP

NInflVP

NDetN

whatdidHelenebringetotheparty