全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题与答案.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题与答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题与答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷与答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Dnecclious:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebcslword（s）foreachnumbcredblank.andmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

In1924American'NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesof

experimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawhtorePlantnearChicagoIthopedthey

wouldlearnhowstop-floorEgnting__1__workorsproductivityInstead，thestudiesended__2__

givingtheirnametothe“Hawhthomeeffect”theextremelyinflentlcelldeatheveey__3__tobemg

expenmenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior

Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplato.Accordmgto__5__of

thecxpetmems.their.houriyoutputrosewhenhghtmgwasincreased.butalsowhenitwasdimmed.

Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexpenment.__7__sometmgwaschanged.produchntyrose

A（n）__8__thattheywerebemgexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__t0alterworkers'bchamor

__10__uself

Afterseveraldecades，thesaliledatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorne

experimentshasanothersurprisestorej2一thedescnpuonsonrecord，nosystematic__13__was

foundthatlcvclsofproduchxntywererelatedtochangesinlighting

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingthec~enmentsmaybehaveletto

__14__interpretationofwhathapped.__15__，tighringwasalwayschangedonaSundayWhen

workstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand

__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhenthere

wasnoexpenmentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentupOnMonday,workers__19__tobe

duigentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase，before__21__aplateauandthenslackening

offThissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtoptndown

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]exlracted[D]restored

2[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]Off

3[A]Wuth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]convoversial[B]perplexing[c]mischieous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]reqtttrents[B]cxplanalions[C]accounts[D]assements

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6[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

8.[A]awarerress[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitale[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]retiable[D]wasleadmg

15.[A]Incontast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]chrnbing[C]surpassmg[D]hiting

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengranledforwhatarecalledbusiness

methods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsysternMerrillLynchgot

legalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinvenlorpatentedatochniqueforlyingabox

Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-method

patents,whichhavebeencontroversiale,versincetheywerefirst

authorized10yearsagoInamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.Scourt

ofAppealsforthefederalctrcuitsalditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewof

business-methodpatents.InreBijskl,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”，saysDermis'D

CrouchoftheUniversityofMissoun

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Schooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoelinateanentireclassofpatmts”

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederal

circuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBank

case,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedan

explosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingto

stakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablished

companiesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthat

mightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmore

than300business-methodpatentsdespitethafactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgranting

them.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancial

products,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.

TheFederal