ASLA专业奖6通用设计荣誉奖Citygarden.docx
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ASLA专业奖6通用设计荣誉奖Citygarden
ByNelsonByrdWoltzLandscapeArchitects城市花园
城市花园是一个私人基金会赞助的公共雕塑园项目,占地3英亩,位于圣路易斯市中心。
这个
花园振兴了城市中心。
设计将雨水管理与场地地质,水文,植物群落一并考虑,建立具有深度
的公共空间,成为吸引游客和市民的好去处。
“这个项目的影响力远远超越本身的边界。
圣路易市对公共领域的重视,全国对这个公共空间
都充满关注和热忱。
项目的成功也使这座城市能够更好的举办拱门竞赛。
设计的重要性不言而
喻。
景观设计师将艺术优美的融入景观。
”
2011ASLA专业奖评委会
Citygardenisathree-acrepublicsculpturegardencreatedontheGatewayMallin
downtownSt.Louis.Sponsoredbyaprivatefoundation,thegardenhasplayeda
primaryroleinreinvigoratingthecity’scenter. Thedesignweavesinnovative
stormwatermanagementstrategieswithabstractionsoflocalgeology,hydrology,
andplantcommunitiestocreateamulti-facetedpublicspacethathasbecomea
magnetforlocalsandtouristsalike.
“Theinfluenceofthisprojecthasgonewaybeyonditsboundaries.St.Louisis
seriousaboutthepublicrealmandthereisrealexcitementandenthusiasmabout
thispublicspaceacrossthecountry.Thesuccessofthisprojectgavethecity
confidencetoextendtotheArchCompetition.Thisplacereallyworksandprovides
evidencethatdesignmatters.Thelandscapearchitectperformedabeautiful
incorporationoftheartinthelandscape.”
—2011ProfessionalAwardsJury
项目立意明确,客户要求将24个当代雕塑作品植入这个让人鼓舞的公共场所,为人们创造出绿
荫密布,流水盈盈,一年四季都美丽的花园。
这个公园没有任何围墙大门,也没任何禁止触摸
的标示,一切都是开放平和的。
花园的设计理念来源于圣路易及周边地区的文化和自然历史,3英亩的场地中挖掘着当地的故
事。
场地位于Gateway购物广场中央位置,临近圣路易斯拱门和密西西比河,花园通过两片弧
墙和一道蜿蜒的墙分为三区。
三个区域之间相互关联又有自己的特色。
北区像临河的高地,中
区像临河的滩涂,南区则像河流的冲击种植平原。
北区与栗树大道平行,这里标高较高,设计了一系列的铺着花岗岩的台地空间放置雕塑或者供
人们休息,咖啡,用餐。
这里有明显的城市生活痕迹。
有着精致遮阳棚的咖啡厅能俯瞰花园。
西北角有一片像采石场般的石材建筑。
这里延续出去一条550英尺长的弧墙,弧墙定义出北区
和中区的边界,其变化的高度和时断时续的墙面形成公园一景,也组织着公园的交通。
最让人
印象深刻一处187英尺长的断开,这里形成一个瀑布,上方的台地就是咖啡厅所在之处。
平缓的公园中心区域主要有两片草坪构成,期间有丰富的水设施,植物主要有本地的大树比如
白橡树,梧桐树,糖槭树等等,这里也是最大雕塑的放置场地,角落的爱神雕塑紧靠一个设计
非常棒,倾斜角度非常微妙的水瀑布景观。
向公园内望去,可以看见恰到好处点缀在树木和弧墙之间的各种雕塑。
公园有两条主路,一条
沿着弧墙,一条是中心的大青石路,沿着大青石路可以道道一个有着102个旱喷泉的广场。
当
然,还有许多小路让人们可以从四面八方无阻碍的进入公园。
南区像河道旁边的种植平原。
一条长1150英尺的蜿蜒矮墙圈画出一系列宿根花卉和灌木区。
这
里种植着沿街道平行的银杏树。
弯曲的墙面不光划分成许多有醒目图案的植物种植区,还形成
许多亲密尺度的小景观空间。
在植物的背景之下,水,石,雕塑成为公园的特色。
公园的种植设计强调使用本土的树种,灌
木,超,地被,花卉。
植物他被将就季相,力求四季分明。
根据场地各种实际情况灵活运用植
物,形成可持续的城市环境。
共使用了20个不同品种的235颗树;89种1170株灌木,以及4千多
株花木;8千多;1万多颗地被,还有32000平方英尺的草坪。
设计运用多种可持续发展策略,包括雨水管理、本土植物、植物健康维护和重振市区。
三分之
二的雨水排水区域由花园内部消化,一半的地表为渗水地面。
超过5000平方英尺花园可收
集、滞留和过滤雨水径流。
咖啡厅和管理用房的屋顶提供1400平方英尺的绿色屋顶。
三种不同
类型的土壤混合物代替场地中的现状土壤。
这些新土壤有利于植物的生长。
同时硬质铺装的设
计充分考虑到对植物根系的影响,以确保植物更好的成活。
ProjectNarrative
Theprojectbeganwithcleardirectionfromtheclients:
makeaninvitingand
inspiringpublicplacedisplaying twentyfourcontemporarysculptures;create
diversespacesandexperiences;makeitbeautiful,engaging,andaccessibleyear-
round;andprovideplentyofshadeandwater.Citygardenisfreeandopentothe
public,isnotboundbyperimeterfencesorwalls,hasnogates,andcontainsno
signsprohibitingthetouchingofsculpture.Therearenohandicapramps.Every
publicplaceintheparkisaccessiblebywalksoflessthan5%gradeandlawns
arereinforcedforuniversalaccess.
ThedesignofCitygardenderivesfromtheculturalandnaturalhistoriesofSt.
Louisanditsenvirons.Thethree-acresiteisoneofexcavationinsearchof
localstories.AcknowledgingitspositionintheheartoftheGatewayMall,afew
blockswestofthenobleArchandtheMississippiRiver,Citygardenisstructured
inthreebandsdelineatedbytwowalls—thearcwallandthemeanderwall.The
northernbandrepresentsthehighuplandground—theriverbluffsthatareso
characteristicoftheMississippiandMissouriRiversinthisregion. Themiddle
bandrepresentsthelowgroundorfloodplain.Thesouthernbandrepresentsthe
cultivatedriverterraces.Whilethethreeprecinctsareinterconnected,each
possessesdistinctcharacteristics.
Thenorthernband,paralleltoChestnutStreet,containsthehighestoriginal
elevationonthesite—sixandahalffeethigherthanthesite’slowestpoint.
Thedesignrestructuresthishighgroundintoaseriesofurbanterracesthatrise
fromthecornerofChestnutandEighthStreetstothecafélevel.Thisseriesof
outdoorroomsprovideshadedplatformsforspecificsculptures,whilealso
providingseating,dining,andprospectsovertheupper-levelwaterbasintothe
restofthesculpturegarden.Theplantingsthroughoutthese“uplands”are
distinctlyurbaninnature—primarilyasrowsandgrovesofshadetreeswith
simpleplanesofgroundcoversetamidpanelsofgranitepavers.Thelandscape
architectsassistedtheclientsinselectingthearchitectforthecafé(and
maintenancebuilding)andguidedthearchitectinsitingthecaféanddefiningits
architecturalcharacter.Thecaféisconceivedasagardenpavilionwitha
transparentconnectiontothecaféterracethatoverlooksthegardenbelow.
Willowoaks,honeylocust,scarletoaks,andserviceberrycreatefine-textured
arborealcanopies.Thewesternblockofthenorthernprecinctismarkedbya
quarry-likesteppedroomoflargelimestoneblocks,framinga16-footlongoutdoor
videowall.Thenorthwesterncornerofthegardenissculptedasthehighest
ground—a10-foothighmoundplantedwithriverbirchesandfernsandhighlighted
bytheequestrian‘Zenit’atthepeakofthemound.
Themostpronounceddesigngestureisa550-footlongarcingwallconstructedfrom
1200locallyquarriedblocksofMissourilimestone.Thearcwalldefinestheedge
betweentheurbangrovesandthelowgroundofthegrassy‘floodplain’andwas
designedtoevokethegeologicallyexpressivebendsandbluffsoftheMississippi
andMissouriRivers.Itsheightvariesfromfourtoninefeetformostofits
lengthbutrisesto14feettoframethevideoartinstallationandformtheback
wallofthemaintenancebuilding.Severalbreaksinthewallallowpedestrianand
vehicularaccesswhileprovidingsightlinesthroughthepark.Atitsmost
dramaticmoment,thisbroadarcwallisinterruptedbya24-footwideby187-foot
longwaterbasinthatseepsandcascadessixfeetfromtheCaféterracetothe
basinandfloodplainbelow.Atthebaseofthefalls,steppingstoneboulders
continuethevisualarcofthepathwayatthebaseofthewall.
Themiddle‘floodplain’bandistheheartofthepark.Itispunctuatedbylarge
nativeshadeandspecimentrees—swampwhiteoaks,Kentuckycoffeetrees,redand
sugarmaples,planetreesandblackgums—andprovidesthevenueforsomeofthe
garden’slargestsculptures.Thislawnplaneisbracketedbytwopavedurban
plazas,eachwithexpressivewaterworks.Theeasternedge,attheMarketStreet
corner,introducesasubtletiltedwaterscrimthatsheetsgentlyfromthebaseof
thedramaticsculptureEros.
Theglimpsesintotheparkatthispointrevealothermonumentalsculptures,their
scaletemperedbythemagnitudeofthearcwallandthespecimentrees.Sunand
shadestrikeabalanceacrossthelawnhere.Circulationismarkedbytwoprimary
paths:
theblackgranitepaththatparallelsthebaseofthearcwall,andthe
centralbluestonewalkthatliterallytracesmid-blockalleywaysthatonce
servicedthissite.CrossingNinthStreetwestwardalongtherouteofthesealleys
bringspeopletothespraybasin—apavedfieldof102choreographedvertical
waterjets.Whiletherearemultiplewaystoentertheparkfromallsides,the
middle‘floodplain’precinctoffersaparticularlyopeninvitationfromthe
cornerofEighthandMarketStreetstowardthecenterofthepark.
Thesouthernband,representingthecultivatedterracesthatflanktherivers,is
framedbyMarketStreetononesideandthecentral‘floodplain’ontheother.A
bandedseriesofperennialandshrubbedsiscontainedbyan1,150-footlong
meanderingseatwallrecallingagriculturalpatternsalongtherivers’bendsand
oxbows.Thiszoneischaracterizedbyastaccatoalleeofpairedmale(non-
fruiting)Ginkgotreeswithstriatedbandsofhorticulturalgardensthatrun
perpendicularfromthealleeandthestreet.TheseMarketStreetsungardensare
definedbypathwaysandlowevergreenhedgesthattracethepreviousproperty
linesandfoundationsthatunderlaythesite.Theprecisealignmentoftheseplant
bedsechoesthe1916Sanbornmapdepictionofthetwocityblocks.
Inmanyinstancesthesegardenareasareslightlyraisedup–to18”abovethe
levelofthecentrallawnpanel—toprovidemorefertileandproductiveplant
beds,butalsotoallowforseating.TheinneredgeoftheMarketStreetgardens
isprescribedby1100linearfeetofgreengranite-toppedmeanderwall.This
nearlycontinuousseatwallsinuouslyloopsthroughthegardeninevocationofthe
strikingpatternsofregionalriversystems.Itsvariousbendsandconcavities
offermultiplesmallerscalelandscapespaces—thesubtlestagesforsculpture
andpeopleinconversation.
Water,stone,andsculpturecharacterizethestrongerexpressionsofCitygarden’s
firmnessanddelight.Buttheplantsprovidethegentlyanimatedframeworkthat
makesthegreatestdifferencetotheappreciationofthesculpturesandtheir
setting,aswellastheeverydayuseofthisasapark.Fiftypercentofthesite
isshaded.Theplantpalettecollectivelydevisedbythedesigners,the
foundation,andhorticulturalistsattheMissouriBotanicGarden,emphasizes
Missourinativetrees,shrubs,grasses,groundcovers,andwildflowers.Plant
selectionsandplantingdesignsemphasizethefourdistinctseasonsandcontribute
toasenseofthepark’slushness.Greatconsiderationhasbeengiventoinsure
thatthelong-termsuccessoftheplantswillbeachieved.Plantspeciesand
cultivarswereselectedfortheirtoleranceofurbanconditions.Mostplant
choicesan