stepbystep3000第二册unit8答案.docx

stepbystep3000第二册unit8答案.docx

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stepbystep3000第二册unit8答案

Unit8

PartI

A:

1.Greenpeace/attitudesandbehavior/environment/peace

2.WorldWildlifeFoundation/1961/afuture/nature

3.LiveEarth/climatecrisis

4.GreenSchoolProject/schools/waste/landfill

5.ClimateChange/knowledge/measures

6.FriendsoftheEarth/network/activistgroups/urgent

7.EnvironmentalBureau/143/31/sustainable

8.Foundation/oceans,wavesandbeaches/50,000

9.GreenBuildingCouncil/designed,builtandoperated/responsible,healthy

10.theAlliancetoSaveEnergy/costs/greenhousegasemissions

11.TheEarthOrganization/conservation/rehabilitation/plantandanimal

12.Trees,Water&People/naturalresources/well-being

13.AmericanForests/restoreandenhance/filter/remove/homes

14.TheGlobalAmphibianAssessment/status/5,918/600/60

15.SolarEnergySociety/technologies

B

1.food/doesn’t/packaging

2.vegetables/don’t/chemicals

3.Save/water

4.won’t/forever/earthorsea

5.bottles/once/bank

6.paper/recycled/

7.Avoid

8.unleadedpetrol

9.madefrom/protected

10.publictransportation

11.wood/rainforests

12.aerosols/haven’t

13.Don’t/plasticboxes

14.batteries/little/50/energy

15.lights/using

16.conversation/danger

17.25%/rubbish

18.oldpeople/homes/energy

19.Visit/zoos

PartII

蝾螈/蚓螈

A:

1.theatmosphere/theclimate/irreversible

2.everybody’slife/activities/realsimple/accessible/everydaypeople/doalot

3.onestep/consciousabout/energy/fuelefficient/lightbulbs/recycling

B:

1.plantingsingletree

2.deflateGreenhouseEffect/takeCO2

3.realsimpleactivities/accessibletopeople/citizens/doalot

4.cleanupCO2/improveenvironment/neighborhoodsattractive

5.avarietyofpersonalactions

CampaignCaliforniaRe-LeafasinL-E-A-FwaskickedoffrecentlywithapartyinSanFrancisco’sWashingtonSquareParkthrownbyacoalitionofsevenurbanforestrygroups.Thefocusofthepartywastheplantingofasingletree,thefirstof20milliontobeplantedin40Californiancitiesoverthenextdecade.Thetreeplantingcampaignisanattempttodeflatewhat’sbeencalledtheGreenhouseEffect.Scientistsbelievethattheearthisgettingwarmerbecauseofanacumulaitonfocarbondioxideintheair.Treestakecarbondioxideoutoftheair.

MartinRosenisthedirectoroftheTrustforPublicLand,theorganizationthatiscoordinatingthestate-widetreeplantingeffort.“Timeisnotneutral.Wearesorapidlydepletingtheatmosphere,wearesorapidlychangingtheclimate,thatunlesswestartnowthesituationmaywellbecomeirreversible.”

Somemoviestarswereonhandforthetreeplantingceremony.ActorPeterCyoteservedasthemasterofceremonies.“Unlesstheenvironmentalmovementcomesintoeverybody’slife,inrealsimpleactivities,it’snotgoingtowork.Plantingatreeisrealsimple.SoIwantedtoparticipateinsomethingthatwasreallyaccessibletothecitizen,justtoeverydaypeople,tochildren.Sothatascitizenswecandoalot”

AfterPeterCyoteintroducedafewspeakersandacoupleofsongsweresung,theceremonymovedovertoacorneroftheparkwhereagroupyoungstersplantedaCooperBeechtree.

IsobelWadeisthestatecoordinatorforCampaignCaliforniaReleaf.Wadesaysthetreeplantingsareimportantbecausetheywillhelpcleanupthecarbondioxideintheatmosphere,improvetheenvironmentandmakeneighborhoodsmoreattractive,butIsobelWadecautionsitisn’tenough.“It’sonestepinacombinationofthings.Theotherkindsofthingsthatwecanallbedoingarebeingmuchmoreconsciousabouthowweuseenergyinourhome,whetherwe’rebuying---ah---fuelefficientcarsandproducts,whetherwe’reusingStyrofoamwhenwedon’thavetobe,---ah---whetherwe’returningofflightbulbswhenwe---ah–leavetheroom---um---andjustavarietyofpersonalactionslikerecyclingthatweneedtostartthinkingaboutanddoingmore.”

IsobelWadealsosaysshe’dlovetoseeeveryoneinCalifornia’surbanareastakethetimetoplantonetreeandtakecareoftheonesthatarealreadygrowing.

PartIII

Iheadache

Noteasilybreakdown

II.PBS

A:

contact/microorganisms/enzymes/smallerpieces/intowater&CO2

B

1.safer

90%/degraded/in90days/shorter/inadump

2.moreheatresistant

a.meltat60centigrade（Celsius）

b.shaperetainedupto100centigrade

C:

disadvantage

Moreexpensivethanordinaryplastic/price20%higher

IIIApplication

A:

alreadystarted

B:

Tobepopularized

C:

role

Plasticfoodcontainers&tableware/roadsigns/teamcheeringequipment（e.g.horns/miniflags/trashbags/umbrellas/eyeglassframes）

原文：

Whenyougotothesupermarket,canyouresistusingplasticbags?

Forlotofus,probablywon’t.whatyoueatout?

Canyouguaranteenottouseanyplastictableware?

Andhowaboutifsomeoneasksyou:

canyourecommendareplacementforplasticproducts?

Don’tsaypaper!

Hereisanewsolution:

biodegradableplastic!

Aseveryoneknows,plasticisabigenvironmentalheadachealthoughitbringsusmuchconvenience.Likeplasticbags,plasticfoodcontainers,andplastictableware.Butitisperhapsthemostharmfulofallourgarbagebecauseitdoesnoteasilybreakdowninnature.

AresearcherfromtheCaliforniaAcademyofSciences,JiJunhui,saysheandhiscolleagueshavefoundabettersolution.

“WhenthePBSinthebiodegradableplasticcomesincontactwithmicroorganismsorenzymes,theplasticstructurewilldegradeintosmallerpieces,andfinallyitturnsintowaterandcarbondioxide.Thisishowthebreak-downprocessworks.”

PBSisachemicalcomponentthatisthekeytothisnewbiodegradableplastic.Itcanhelptheplasticdegradeintonon-pollutingelements,sothebroken-downplasticfragmentscanbeabsorbedbysoilandwater.

PBSisnotanentirelynewproduct,however,thisChina-madebiodegradableplasticissaferandmoreheat-resistant.AccordingtoJiJunhui,testinghasshownthat90%ofthisnewbiodegradableplasticcanbedegradedwithin90days.Anditeventakesashorterperiodoftimeifitisburiedinadumpratherthanexposedtotheair.

Usually,biodegradableplasticfoodcontainersmadeinothercountrieswillmetwhenthetemperaturereaches60degreesCelsius,whiletheChineseproductcanretainitsshapeinupto100degrees.

However,JiJunhuisayshigh-techproductsoftencomeatahigherprice.

“PBSproductisabitmoreexpensivethanordinaryplastic.Takingaplasticbowlasanexample,thePBSbowlcanbe20%moreexpensivethanthecurrentplasticbowlweuse.”

SomehotelsandrestaurantsinShanghaihavealreadystartedusingthenewPBSbiodegradableplasticfoodcontainers,andtheproductwillbepopularizedinBeijingaswellasinotherbigcities.

Itwillplayaroleinthe2008OlympicGames.BesidesintheproductionofplasticfoodcontainersandtablewarefortheGames,PBSbiodegradableplasticwillalsobeusedtomakeroadsigns,teamcheeringequipmentlikehornsandminiflags,aswellastrashbags,umbrellasandeyeglassframes.

Probablyinthenearfuture,wewillreallybeabletosay“farewell”toplasticpollution.

PartIV

Characteristics,itsstructure,thelogicalorder

Invertedpyramid/thenewslead/condensedform/furtherinformation

Sumup/eitherinsideoroutside/comments,remarks,attitudes,analysis

Somebreakthroughs/update/vocabulary/hindersourunderstanding/enhanceourability/frequentlyappear/carefullystudied/theexperimentreports/subjects/findingsorresults/thelatestdevelopments