初中英语八大时态讲解及练习全.docx
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初中英语八大时态讲解及练习全
一、一般现在时:
概念:
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.
基本结构:
①be动词;
②行为动词
否定形式:
①am/is/are+not;
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;
②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
在中,当主语是时,谓语动词要用形式,即常在后加-s或-es。
一、he,she,it是第三人称单数。
如:
HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。
Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。
Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。
(口诀:
I用am,you用are,is用于它,单数名词用is,都用are)
二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。
如:
①HanMeilookslikehermother.看起来像她的母亲。
②BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。
③UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
三、单数可数名词或"this/that/the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。
如:
①Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。
②Thisbookisyours.这本书是你的。
四、someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第三人称单数。
如:
①Everyoneishere.大家到齐了。
②Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.这块手表有毛病。
五、作主语时为第三人称单数。
如:
①Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在里。
②Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。
六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。
如:
①"6"isaluckynumber."6"是个吉利数字。
【练习】
二、一般过去时:
概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:
ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.
一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)
1.Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were
肯定句式:
主语+be(was,were)+其它.
否定句式:
主语+be(was,were)+not+其它.
一般疑问句:
Be(was,were)+主语+其它?
注:
在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was/were。
Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。
2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.
肯定句式:
主语+动词(过去式)+其它
否定句式:
主语+didn’t+动词(原形)+其它【didnot=didn’t】
一般疑问句:
Did+主语+动词(原形)+其它【do,does的过去时均为did】?
注:
1.did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。
2.实意动词do的一般过去时
Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(用yesterday改写句子)
Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.
Ididn’tdomyhomeworkyesterday.(否定句)
Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?
Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.(一般疑问句)
3.情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。
肯定句式:
主语+情态动词+其它
否定句式:
主语+情态动词+not+其它.
一般疑问句:
情态动词+主语+其它?
注:
情态动词的过去式:
can→could,may→might,must→must,will-would,should-should。
4.特殊疑问句式:
特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
Whatwasyourformername?
你以前叫什么名字?
WhywashelateforschoollastMonday?
上星期一他为什么迟到?
Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago?
20年前她能做什么?
规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。
look→lookedplay→playedstart→startedvisit→visitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。
live→liveduse→usedtaste-tasted
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加–ed。
study→studiedtry→triedfly→flied
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。
stop→stoppedplan→plannedstop-stoppedprefer→preferred
基本用法
①表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚突然病倒了。
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
Shewenttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatalkedbytheriverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。
③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事
Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。
【练习】
一、请用正确动词形式填空
1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.
2.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.
3.We(have)apartylastHalloween.
4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.
5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.
6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.
7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.
8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight.
9.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.
10.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?
11.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?
Yes,he______.
12.GaoShan_______(put)upthepicturelastnight.
13.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday.
14.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?
15.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.
16.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.
17.Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.
18.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?
二、按要求变换句型。
1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑问句)
_______Frank_______aninterestingbookabouthistory?
2.Hecleanedhisroomjustnow..(划线提问)What________he_______?
3.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.(否定句)
Thomas______________RMB10onthisbook.
4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.(划线提问)
________________________family_______lastweek?
1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.
2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?
No,she_________.
3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?
He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.
4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.
5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.
She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.
6.When________you_________(write)thissong?
I__________(write)itlastyear.
7.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.
8.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?
Yes,he_________.
9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?
It_________(benot)bad.
10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?
No.she__________.
三、现在进行时:
概念:
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
构成:
be+现在分词。
be应为,应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
【注】动词现在分词的变化规则
1. 一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing,如:
work - working study - studying
2. 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing,如:
make - making dance - dancing
3. 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing,如:
put - putting begin - beginning
4. 以-ie结尾的动词,把-ie变成y再加-ing,如:
lie - lying tie - tying
写出下列动词的现在分词形式
dance______shop_______ play______________ speak_______have _______ work ________
write_______take________ study________ sit________sing________ swim________ lie________
变化:
式:
主语+be(am,is,are)++其它.
式:
主语+be(am,is,are)+not++其它.
:
Be(am,is,are)+主语++其它?
:
+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
对现在进行时的的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。
用法(包括高级用法):
4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有。
He'salwaysquarrellingwithothers.他老喜欢跟别人吵架。
Sheisconstantlyworryingaboutherson'shealth.她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。
Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那个男孩老是问问题。
这类情况常与always总是,usually通常,continually不断的,constantly经常的,forever永远、老是等副词连用。
5,有的现在进行时句子和同义。
用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。
Howareyoufeelingtoday?
(Howdoyoufeeltoday?
)你今天感觉如何?
Iamlooking(look)forwardtoyournextvisit.我盼望你下次再来。
Whyareyoulooking(doyoulook)sosad?
为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢?
【练习】
一.填空题
1.MrZheng_______________(read)abooknow.
2.Therabbits_________________(jump)now.
3..Look!
TomandJohn________________(swim).
4.Mybrother_________________(make)akiteinhisroomnow.
5.Look!
Thebus_______________(stop).
6.We_______________(have)anEnglishclassnow.
8.They___________________(catch)butterfliesnow.
9.He______________________(do)anexperimentnow.
10.They_____________________(collect)stampsnow.
11.Look!
He_________(dive)now.
12.Tom__________________(watch)TVinthediningroom.
13.Thedoctors_____________________(get)offthebus.
14.Comeon.They_________________(leave)now.
15.It_______________________(eat)fishnow.
16.Myfather__________________(work)intheofficenow.
17.Whereisyourmother?
She________________________(answer)thephone.
18.Theteachers________________(run)now.
二、按要求改写句子
1.Theboyisplayingbasketball.
否定句:
____________________________
一般疑问句:
_________________________
肯定回答:
__________________________
否定回答:
__________________________
对Theboy提问:
__________________________
2.造句:
1).she,thewindow,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_________________
2).is,who,thewindow,cleaning?
(连词成句)______________________
3).Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)______________________
4.)Youaredoingyourhomework.(用"I"作主语改写句子)_______________
5).they,thetree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)______________
6).TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.(改成一般疑问句)__________
过去进行时:
(一)概念:
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(二)结构 :
were /were+ V-ing.
(三) 标志词:
1.at this/that time,
2.at this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week … ),
3.at+ 点钟 +yesterday (last night / Sunday … ) ,
4. when sb/sth. did sth. last evening
5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while等。
例如:
I was making fruit salad at this time.
They were studying from 8:
00 to 11:
00 yesterday.
一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略回答。
1. 肯定句:
主语+was/were+V-ing+其它 . I was watching TV at that time last night.
2. 否定句:
主语+was/were+not+V-ing+其它 .→I was not watching TV at that time last night.
3.一般疑问句:
was/were+主语+V-ing+其它?
→Were you watching TV at that time last night?
肯定回答:
Yes, I was. 否定回答:
No, I wasn’t.
特殊问句:
疑问词+was/were+主语+V-ing+其它?
→What were you doing at at that time last night?
(五) 基本用法:
1. 过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。
(用介词短语和从句来表示时间点)
I was sleeping at this time last Sunday.(过去某一时刻)
My mother was cooking dinner at 9:
00 yesterday. (过去某一时刻)
We were having supper when Tom came in.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。(从句表示时间点)
过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内持续发生动作或事情。
(the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while, when等。
) Lucy was working all day. (过去某一段时间)
We were watching TV from seven o’clock to nine o’clock last night.
3.在复合从句中,从句和主句的动作都是延续性或同时发生,那么主从句都要过去进行时。
While he was waiting for the bus , he was resding newspaper. 他边等车边看报。
(两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他洗车时我在做饭。
(两个动作同时进行)
when 和while的用法区别
①when既指时间点,也可指一段时间。
因此when在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词
while只指一段时间。
while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后生; while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③when引导的时间状语从句。
后用一般过去时。
While后面一般用过去进行时。
如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,
When the teacher came in, we were talking. =While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b.They were singing while we were dancing.
【练习 】
1.I _______at 8:
00 yesterday.
A. was sleeping late B. slept late C. sleep late
2.They ______at this time.
A. talking on the phone B.were talking on the phone B. was talking on the phone
3.Lily was standing in front of the library