毕业论文太阳能热水器的英文翻译.docx

毕业论文太阳能热水器的英文翻译.docx

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毕业论文太阳能热水器的英文翻译

毕业论文（设计）

英文翻译

姓名黎秋宝

学号0811121209

所在学院理学院

专业班级2008级信科2班　

指导教师徐国旺

日期2012年3月30日

英文原文

Abstract—ThepresentpaperdealswithasimulationbasedontheISIS-PROTEUSsoftwaretodesignasolarheaterofwatercontrolsystembyusingthePIC16F877microcontrollerbasedonthePROTONprogramminglanguage。

Thereservesofoilindifferentcountrieswerebeenillustrated。

Ashortdemonstrationoftheworldwidepotentialityinsolarwaterheaterhasbeenfocusedwiththeactualneedsofalternativeeconomicalstrategiestoheatthewater。

Ageneralprincipleofthesolarwaterheateranditspartswaspresentedtodescribetherealplant.ThesimulationwasbeenrealizedbyusingISIS-PROTEUSsoftwareandtheresultshavebeencarriedoutusingadigitalLCDwhichdisplaysthehotwatertemperature。

Thistemperaturevariesbetweentheminimalvalue20oCanditsmaximalvalue70oC。

Theresultsprovethecompetitivenessofthesolartechnologywiththeperformancesofthesimulationofthesolarwaterheatercontrolsystemwhichcanbetestedsooninrealtimebydevelopingtheanalyzedstudyasanelectroniccircuitconnectedtoasolarwaterheater。

Keywords—Controlsystems；Solarenergy；Waterheater；PIC16F877；Renewableenergy.

I。

INTRODUCTION

Theglobaldemandforenergyandmorespecificallycleanenergyisgrowingrapidly.Thereisauniversalneedforefficienttechnologiesthatwillcontributetothesustainabledevelopmentofthehostcountriesandcommunitiesbyprovidingemployment,improvingqualityoflifeandprotectingtheenvironment[2］.

Therenewableenergiesareclean,areusedwheretheyareandtheirdecentralizedcharacteriswellappropriateatthescatteredstateoftheareaswithlowdensityofpopulation.Theycancontributetotheenvironmentprotectionandberegardedasafuturealternativetoconventionalenergies，particularlyintheruralworldwhichconstitutesapotentialmarketbecauseoftheprohibitivecostoftheroutingbycableofelectricity［11］.

Therenewablesourcesofenergyareconvertedintousefulenergywhile:

•Contributingtothereductionofthegreenhousegasemissions;

•Providingopportunitiesforpovertyeradication;

•Limitingtherisksandthepollutionoftheplanet;

Theprimaryenergiesaredistributednon-uniformlyovertheglobe.Somecountriesdependonothernationsfortheirenergysupply.Thisimplieseconomicandtradecanplayamajorroleinrelationsbetweenstates。

Thesereservesarelocated,forthemostpart，outsideareasofhighconsumption。

Thisdependenceofindustrializedcountriesagainstexportersmaygenerateseriouscrisesthatcouldthreatenthefragilebalancesocio-economicworld（oilshocksofthe70s,theGulfWars，.。

.）。

Table

（1）showsthestatisticsofoilreservesin2000[9].

Asthedemandforfossilfuelgrowswhilereservesstarttotaperoff,theideaofalternativeenergysourcesareofferedup.Alternativesourcesofenergycanbecomeasatisfactorysubstituteforfossilfuels。

Themostsatisfactorysinglealternativewouldbesolarenergy。

Onemaydiscoverthatwind,solar，biomass，etc.,allpiledontopofeachother,mayhavetodo,buttheirsuccessmayturnouttorequireaneffortthatstartedagenerationago.

Themostpopularlysuggestedalternativeenergyissolar;hislastsuffersbecauseitisintermittentsourcesofenergy，andtheendproductiselectricity。

Thereisnowaytostorelargeamountsofelectricityforusewhenwindandsunshinearenotwithus.Geothermalandtidalenergyareinsignificantenergysourcesintotalbutcanbelocallyimportant.

II。

SOLARENERGY

Thesunisagiantballofhydrogenandheliumgas.Theenormousheatandpressureintheinteriorofthesuncausethenucleioftwohydrogenatomstofuse,producingoneheliumatominaprocesscalledfusion。

Duringfusion，nuclearenergyisconvertedintothermal（heat）andradiantenergy。

TheadiantenergyisemittedformthesuninalldirectionsandsomeofitsreachesEarth。

Radiantenergyisenergythattravelsinelectromagneticwavesandrays。

Radiantenergyincludesvisiblelight,xrays，infraredrays，microwaves，gammaraysandothers。

Theserayshavedifferentamountsofenergydependingupontheirwavelength。

Theshorterthewavelength,themoreenergytheycontain[3］.

Onlyasmallpartofsolarenergythatthesunradiatesintospaceeverreachestheearth，butthatismorethanenoughtosupplyallourenergyneeds。

Everydayenoughsolarenergyreachestheearthtosupplyournation’senergyneedsforayear.

Ittakesthesunenergyjustalittleovereightminutestotravelthe93milestotheearth。

Solarenergytravelsataspeedof186，000milespersecond，thespeedoflight。

Todaypeopleusesolarenergytoheatbuildingsandwaterandtogenerateelectricity［7].

III.SOLARWATERHEATERINPOPULARWORLWIDE

Solarhotwatersystemscaptureenergyfromthesuntoheatwaterforhomesandbusinesses，therebydisplacingtheuseofnaturalgas，orinsomecaseselectricity，withfreeandlimitlesssolarenergy。

Solarhotwatercouldsavesomebillionthermosofnaturalgasayear。

Topreventglobalwarmingpollution,reducedependenceonimportedfuel,andeasethepriceofnaturalgas[5].Anexampleofsolarwaterheaterisshowninfigure

（1）。

Thosesystemsusesenergyfromthesuntoheatwater,reducingtheamountofnaturalgas,orinsomecaseselectricity，neededforresidentialorcommercialwaterheating。

Solarhotwatersystemsarehighlyefficient；upto87percentofthesun’senergythatreachesagivensectionofroofcanbeabsorbedbythesystem’scollector。

Liquidinthecollector，heatedbythesun，ispumpedtooneormorestoragetanks,therebyreducingoreliminatingtheneedforconventionalwaterheaterfuel。

Thebenefitsofusingthesolarwaterheaterarethefollowings：

•Heatingwaterwithsunshinecostsless。

Onceitisbought，thewaterheatingcostswillbezero;

•Asolarwaterheatercannotgiveashockorsetfiretothehouselikeelectricalorflamebasedwaterheatingsystems;

•Solarwaterheatersdonotmakeanysmoke，sotheydon’tmakethehomesmellorgetdirty；

•Ifoneusuallyheatswaterwithgasorelectricityfromfossilfuels，asolarwaterheaterhelps;reducethecarbondioxideproducedbythehousehold，helpinginthefightagainstglobal。

Solarhotwaterheatershavebeeninuseinvariouspartsoftheworldsincetheirinception。

Whileconceptuallysimple，thesystemscontinuetoimproveasnewertechnologiesenhanceperformance。

Asenvironmental，political，andfinancialconcernswithfossilfuelsgrowworldwide,solarhotwaterhasbecomepopularinmanycountries[10］。

Mediterraneanclimatesarecharacterizedbywarmsummersandmildwinters,makingthemidealforsolarhotwatersystems。

Thesmalltemperaturerangethroughouttheyearallowsthesystemstocovermosthotwaterdemandsinthewinterwithoutoverheatinginthesummer,meaningalargerportionofthewaterheatingneedscanbeprovidedbythesun.Figure

（2）demonstratesthetotalworldsolarhotwatercapacitybycountryfromwhichwecanconcludethatChinausedthemaximumpossiblenumberofsolarwaterheaters，InEuropeanUnion，solarwaterheatercansave13％fromitsresourcesandemissions,Turkeyhas6％fromtheworldexploitationinsolarwaterheater,andtheothercountriesdisturbabout20％worldcapacity［5]。

IV.CONTROLOFSOLARWATERHEATERSPRINCIPLE

It’saboutsolarwaterheaters，whichusethesun’senergytoheatwaterforthehomeorforuseinbusiness.ThisisbecomingmorepopularinmanyAfricancountries，especiallyforpeoplewhohavewaterpipedtotheirhomes。

Largersystemsarenowbeingusedinhospitals,schoolsandhotels。

Thecostsofinstallingsolarwaterheatersvary,butonceforthesystemhavebeenpaid;itisaverycheapwaytohavehotwater–becausesunshineisFREE!

[8］。

Asolarwaterheaterisanysystemthatusesthethermalenergyofthesuntoheatwater。

Theyareusuallyaimedatheatingwatertoatemperaturehotenoughforwashingclothes,washingdishes，andpersonalhygiene,butnothotenoughtocookwithstraightaway.However，aslongasitisclean，thehotwatercanalsobeusedincookingtosavetimeandfuel［1］.

Thisprojectrelatestoacontrolandprotectionsystemforasolarwaterheaterapparatus，whichincorporatesatemperaturecontrolledvariablespeeddriveforthecirculatingpump，andadraindownvalvewhichisresponsivetolowcollectortemperature，hightanktemperatureandalsotopowerloss,toserveincombinationasadevicetooptimizeefficientenergycollection。

Thesolarwaterheaterwithacontrolsystemasshowninfigure（3）issuitableforalldifferentconfigurations.Itisusuallyconsistsofthreepartsasfollows:

A.Solarcollectors

Aflatsolarcollectorisaverysimplemachine.Itconsistsofaninsulatedrectangularbox。

Itcontainsametalplate（usuallycopper）thathasbeenpaintedblack,withapipeateachend（calledheaders）thatareconnectedtosmalltubes（calledrisers）alsomadefrompipe.Waterflowsfromtheheaderintotherisers.Waterisfirstheatedintherisersandthenreturnstothestoragetank。

Theentireboxiscoveredwithaspecialglassthatishailresistant.Theentireboxistheninstalled，usuallyontheroofofabuilding，andtiltedsoitcancaptureasmuchsunlightaspossible［2].

B。

Storagetanks

Whetheroneusesadirectorindirectsolarwaterheater，alargestoragetankwillbeneeded。

Themostcommonlyusedsizeis80gallons。

Solarwaterstoragetankslooksimilartostandardwaterheatertanks。

Buttheyareverywellinsulatedtosavetheheatgainedbythecollectors。

Waterisusuallytransferredfromthesolarwater