届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练词义猜测一.docx

届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练词义猜测一.docx

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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练词义猜测一

阅读理解-词义猜测

（一）

A

（2017年衡水中学高二大联考）ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees（大黄蜂）topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony（群体）—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.

ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments,oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes（猿）andbirds,showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask,andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.

Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabilityfor“culturespread”—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans.

Intheresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday,thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet.

Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial“flowers”—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees,spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe“flowers”outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit.

Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining,onlytwoof110weresuccessful.

Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings,and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally,trainedbeeswereputincolonies,andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony'sworkerbees.

LarsChittka,aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedtheproject,saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees'learningandteachingskills.

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了大黄蜂经过训练可以习得某种技能，还会传播自己所学的技能。

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exclusive”inParagraph3probablymean?

A．Ordinary.　　　　B．Unique.

C．Beneficial.D．Widespread.

B　[考查词义猜测。

第二段中提出，不仅猿和鸟类有学习和传播知识的能力，一些昆虫也有这样的能力。

第二段和第三段中的关键词also和addtotheevidence提示，这种能力并非人类独有的。

故选B项。

]

2．Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?

A．Beeslearnbestininsects.

B．Beesareascleverasbirds.

C．Beesareborngoodlearners.

D．Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.

D　[考查细节理解。

依据第四段中的“...thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet...”可知，科学家发现大黄蜂经过训练可以学会技能。

故选D项。

]

3．Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext?

A．Whatelsebeescando.

B．Wherebeeslearnskills.

C．Howbeesteachothers.

D．Howbees'brainswork.

D　[考查推理判断。

根据文章最后一句“...theteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees'learningandteachingskills.”可知，科研团队对大黄蜂学习和传播技能的大脑思考过程很感兴趣，因此，接下来他们应该会研究大黄蜂大脑的工作原理。

故选D项。

]

4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A．SmallBees,GreatAbilities

B．BeesCanLearnandTeach

C．BeesAreSmarter

D．LetBeesLearn

B　[考查主旨大意。

综合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一项科学发现，即大黄蜂经过训练可以学习并传播所学技能，故选B项。

]

B

（2017年安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试）Wheneversomethinglooksinterestingorbeautiful，thereisanaturaldesireofustocapture（捕捉）andpreserveit—whichmeans，inthisdayandage，thatwearelikelytoreachforourphonestotakeapicture.

Thoughthiswouldseemtobeanidealsolution，therearetwobigproblemsassociatedwithtakingpictures.Firstly，wearelikelytobesobusytakingpicturesthatweforgettolookattheworldwhosebeautyandinterestencourageustotakeaphotographinthefirstplace.Andsecondly，becausewefeelthepicturesaresafelystoredonourphones，wenevergetaroundtolookingatthem，sosurearewethatwe'llgetaroundtothemoneday.

ThefirstpersontonoticetheproblemswastheEnglishartcritic（评论家），JohnRuskin.Hewasakeentravellerwhorealizedthatmosttouristsmakeapoorjobofnoticingorrememberingthebeautifulthingstheysee.Hearguedthathumanshaveanaturaltendencytorespondtobeautyanddesiretohaveit，buttherearebetterandworseexpressionsofthisdesire.Atworst，wegetintobuyingsouvenirsortakingphotographs.But，inRuskin'seyes，there'sjustonethingweshoulddo—attemptingtodrawtheinterestingthingswesee，regardlessofwhetherwehappentohaveanytalentfordoingso.

Ruskinsaid，“Drawingcanteachustosee：

tonoticeproperlyratherthangazeabsentmindedly.Intheprocessofrecreatingwithourownhandswhatliesbeforeoureyes，wenaturallymovefromapositionofobservingbeautyinaloosewaytoonewhereweacquireadeepunderstandingofitsparts.”

Ruskindeploredtheblindnessandhurryofmoderntourists，especiallythosewhopridedthemselvesontravellingaroundthewholeEuropeinaweekbytrain，“Nochangingofplacesatahundredmilesanhourwillmakeusstronger，happier，orwiser.Therewasalwaysmoreintheworldthanmencouldsee，iftheyeverwalkedslowly；theywillseeitnobetterforgoingfast.Thereallypreciousthingsarethoughtsandsights，notpace.”

【语篇解读】　本文主要讨论了旅游中如何享受美景以及游客普遍存在的问题。

【长难句分析】　Intheprocessofrecreatingwithourownhandswhatliesbeforeoureyes，wenaturallymovefromapositionofobservingbeautyinaloosewaytoonewhereweacquireadeepunderstandingofitsparts.

分析：

本句是一个复合句。

what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语；where引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，修饰先行词one，此处的one相当于oneposition。

译文：

在用我们的双手重塑眼前事物的过程中，我们自然地从一种随意地欣赏美的状态转换为一种我们深度欣赏其各个部分的状态。

1．AccordingtoParagraph2，whentakingpictures，peopletendto________．

A．forgettoappreciatesomethingattractiveonthespot

B．findithardtolearnskillsoftakinggoodpictures

C．findagoodwaytokeepthingsintheirminds

D．haveachancetomeetthechallengeofnew

technology

A　[考查细节理解。

根据文章第二段的第二句“Firstly，wearelikelytobesobusytakingpicturesthatweforgettolookattheworldwhosebeautyandinterestencourageustotakeaphotographinthefirstplace.”可知，人们忙着拍照而忘了欣赏风景。

]

2．AccordingtoRuskin，whatshouldtravellersdotobestexpresstheirappreciationofanddesireforsomethingbeautiful?

A．Tospeakitoutopenly.

B．Tophotographitinstantly.

C．Topurchaseitimmediately.

D．Topaintitdirectly.

D　[考查细节理解。

根据第三段的最后一句“But，inRuskin'seyes，there'sjustonethingweshoulddo—attemptingtodrawtheinterestingthingswesee，regardlessofwhetherwehappentohaveanytalentfordoingso.”可知，Ruskin认为，旅游者把自己看到的美景直接画下来就是对美景欣赏的最好表达。

]

3．Fromthefourthparagraph，wecaninferthatRuskinencouragesustobe________．

A．considerateanddetermined

B．activeandadventurous

C．creativeandthoughtful

D．sensitiveandambitious

C　[考查推理判断。

根据第四段的“‘Intheprocessofrecreatingwithourownhands...weacquireadeepunderstandingofitsparts.’”可推知，Ruskin鼓励我们要有创造性，对景观要有深刻的理解。

]

4．Theunderlinedword“deplored”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“________”．

A．appreciated　　　　　B．criticized

C．favoredD．ignored

B　[考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段的“theblindnessandhurryofmoderntourists”并结合Ruskin的主张可推知，deplore意为“批判，不赞成”，故选B。

]

C

（2017年河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测

（二））

RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere，asmentalhealthprofessionals，tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter，weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude（感激）fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated，butalsoguilty，becauseIhadn'treallydoneanythingyet.

Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend'smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately，butdidn'twanttointrude（打扰）onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid，“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid，andIwillneverregretit.

Sincethen，Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying.Hewasnotawake，andobviouslyunawareofothers'presence.However，theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn．Hisfamily，playingguitarsandsinging，allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.

Inmylife，Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itisnotonlysomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.

【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。

1．Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?

A．Hebuiltsheltersforthem.

B．Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.

C．Hecametostaywiththem.

D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.

C　[考查细节理解。

根据第一段的第二句“Wewerethere，asmentalhealthprofessionals，tooffer‘psychologicalfirstaid’andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。

]

2．Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend'smotherpassedaway?

A．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.

B．Hewenttohisfriend'satonce.

C．Heknewwhattodoinstantly.

D．Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.

A　[考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately，butdidn'twanttointrude（打扰）onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。

]

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solemn”inParagraph3probablymean?

A．Heavybutwarm.

B．Alittlesadbutcosy.

C．Relaxinganddelightful.

D．Veryseriousandunhappy.

D　[考查词义猜测。

根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily，playingguitarsandsinging”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。

]

4．Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?

A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

B．Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.

C．Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.

D．Beingavolunteercanmakeone'slifemoresignificant.

B　[考查推理判断。

根据最后一段的前两句“Inmylife，Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init，noneofusaretrulyalone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。

]

D

（2018·贵阳市高三摸底考试）

“Howdoyouaccount_foryourremarkableachievemen