Homing pigeons are placed in a training program from about the time they are twenty.docx

Homing pigeons are placed in a training program from about the time they are twenty.docx

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Homingpigeonsareplacedinatrainingprogramfromaboutthetimetheyaretwenty

Homingpigeonsareplacedinatrainingprogramfromaboutthetimetheyaretwenty-eightdaysofage.Theyaretaughttoenterthecagethroughatrapandtoexerciseaboveandaroundtheloft（鸽棚）,andgraduallytheyaretakenawayforshortdistancesinwillowbasketsandreleased.Theyarethenexpectedtofindtheirwayhomeintheshortestpossibletime.

　　Intheirtrainingflightsorinactualraces,thebirdsaretakentoprearrangeddistantpointsandreleasedtofindtheirwaybacktotheirownlofts.Oncethebirdsareliberated,theirowners,whoarestandingbyatthehomelofts,anxiouslywatchtheskyforthereturnoftheirentries.Sincetimeisoftheessence,thespeedwithwhichthebirdscanbeinducedtoenterthelofttrapmaymakethedifferencebetweengainingawinorasecondplace.

　　Theheadofahomingpigeoniscomparativelysmall,butitsbrainisonequarterlargerthanthatoftheordinarypigeon.Thehomingpigeonisveryintelligentandwillperseveretothepointofstubbornness;somehavebeenknowntoflyahundredmilesoffcoursetoavoidastorm.

　　Somehomingpigeonexpertsclaimthatthisbirdisgiftedwithaformofbuilt-inradarthathelpsitfinditsownloftafterhoursofflight,forhiddenundertheheadfeathersaretwoverysensitiveears,whilethesharp,prominenteyescanseegreatdistancesindaytime.

　　Whydohomingpigeonsflyhome?

Theyarenotuniqueinthisinherentskill;itisfoundinmostmigratorybirds,inbees,ants,toads,andeventurtles,whichhavebeenknowntotravelhundredsofmilestoreturntotheirhomes.Butintheanimalworld,thehomingpigeonalonecanbetrustedwithitsfreedomandtrainedtocarryoutthemissionsthatpeopledemand.

　　1.Thispassageismainlyabout_______.

　　A.homingpigeonsandtheirtraining

　　B.howtobuyahomingpigeon

　　C.protectionofhomingpigeonsagainstthethreatofextinction

　　D.liberationofhomingpigeons

　　2.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenstohomingpigeonswhentheyareaboutamonthold?

　　A.Theyarekeptinatrap.

　　B.Theyentertheirfirstrace.

　　C.Theybeginatrainingprogram.

　　D.Theygettheirwingsclippedandmarked.

　　3.Accordingtothepassage,thedifferencebetweenahomingpigeonandanordinaryoneis_______.

　　A.thespanofthewingsB.theshapeoftheeyes

　　C.thetextureofthefeathersD.thesizeofthebrain

　　4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingattributesthatenableahomingpigeonto

　　returnhomeEXCEPT_______.

　　A.instinctB.airsacs

　　C.sensitiveearsD.goodeyes

　　5.Whydoestheauthormentionbees,ants,toads,andturtlesinthelastparagraph?

　　A.Todescribesomeunusualkindsofpets.

　　B.Tomeasuredistancestraveledbyvariousanimals.

　　C.Tocomparetheirhome-findingabilitieswiththoseofhomingpigeons.

　　D.Tointerestthereaderinlearningaboutotheranimals.

第二篇

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?

Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperiences?

Strangelyenough,theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

　　Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom（任意的）fromthepopulation,

　　itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwoidentical（完全相同的）twinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.来源：

　　Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplays

　　apart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall,arelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence.

　　26.Whichofthesesentencesbestdescribesthewriter'spointinParagraph1?

　　A.Tosomeextent,intelligenceisgivenatbirth.

　　B.Intelligenceisdevelopedbytheenvironment.

　　C.Somepeopleareborncleverandothersbornstupid.

　　D.Intelligenceisfixedatbirth,butisdevelopedbytheenvironment.

　　27.Itissuggestedinthispassagethat_______.

　　A.unrelatedpeoplearenotlikelytohavedifferentintelligence

　　B.closerelationsusuallyhavesimilarintelligence

　　C.thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweenpeople,themoredifferenttheyarelikelytobeinintelligence

　　D.peoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherarenotlikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence

　　28.Brothersandsistersarelikelyto_______.

　　A.havesimilarintelligenceB.havedifferentintelligence

　　C.gotothesameuniversityD.gotothesamefactory

　　29.InParagraph1,theword"surroundings"means_______.

　　A.intelligenceB.life

　　C.environmentsD.housing

　　30.Thebesttitleforthisarticlewouldbe_______.

　　A.OnIntelligence

　　B.WhatIntelligenceMeans

　　C.WeAreBornwithIntelligence

　　D.EnvironmentPlaysaPartinDevelopingIntelligence

第三篇

Asacompanyexecutive（总经理）whospenttenyearsinfederalservice,IamoftenaskedwhatIregardasthebiggestdifferencebetweenworkingforthegovernmentandworkingforaprivatecompany.MyinvariableresponseistosaythatIlookbackonmytimeingovernmentasoneofthemostexcitingandchallengingexperiencesofmylife.Furthermore,IneverworkedashardaswhenIwasapublicservant.

　　WhenIworkedforthegovernment,Iworkedwithsomeofthefinest,mostcompetentandmostcommittedpeopleIhaveevermet.Iwasimpressedbytheoverallqualityofourcareercivilservantsthen,andIstillam.ButoneofmygreatestconcernsnowisthatIwillnotbeabletoholdthissamehighopinioninthefuture.

　　Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers,andqualifiedreplacementsarebecomingharderandhardertofind.Goodpeoplewholeavecareergovernmentservicearestrivingforhighlypaidpositionsinprivateenterprises.

　　Wedependongovernmenttokeepthiscountrysafeinanuncertainworld,tosecurejusticeanddomesticorderandtosolveahostofpressingproblems.Weneedthebestpossiblepeopleperformingandoverseeingthesevitaltasks.Ahigh-quality,professionalfederalservicehasbeenasourceofnationalprideformorethanacentury.Butwhatwehavebuiltupduringahundredyearscanbelostinlesstimethanweimagine.Wecan'taffordtoletthishappen.Wemustactnowifthiscountryistobeassuredofthequalitypublicserviceitdeserves.

21.Careerpublicservantsareleavinggovernmentinalarmingnumbers.Oneofthe

　　reasonsmaybethat______.

　　A.theyreceivedlowerpay 

    B.theydeservednofameandglory

　　C.theyperformedpoorly 

    D.theyworkedharderthananyoneelse

　　22.Accordingtotheauthor,_______,soIwillnotbeabletoholdthissamehighopinion

　　towardthepublicservantsinthefuture.

　　A.IneverworkedashardaswhenIwasapublicservant

　　B.Ihavebecomeacompanyexecutive

　　C.therewillnotbesomanycompetentandqualifiedservantsinthegovernmentaswehadbefore

　　D.mytimeingovernmentwasnotthemostexcitingexperienceinmylife

　　23.Wedependongovernmenttokeepthiscountrysafeinanuncertainworld,therefore,

　　A.weshouldmakegreatercontributionstothecountry

　　B.thebestpossiblepeopleareurgentlyneededtodoimportanttasks

　　C.weshouldshowdeepconcernaboutthenation'sfuture

　　D.weshouldbecomepublicservants

　　24.Ifweneglecttheseriousproblemandmakenoefforts,wewilllose_______.

　　A.nationalprideB.high-qualityprofessionalfederalservice

　　C.goodpeopleD.privateenterprise

　　25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

　　A.Thosewhoworkforcompaniesarehighlypaid.

　　B.Moreandmorepublicservantshaveleftthegovernment.

　　C.Careerpublicservantsarequalified.

　　D.Manypeopleofhighqualitieswanttoworkinthegovernment.

第四篇

MoreattentionwaspaidtothequalityofproductioninFranceatthetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.Itwouldbenecessarytoproducequalitygoodsfortheinternationalmarketstocompetewiththoseproducedinothercountries.TheFrencheconomyneededalargershareofinternationalmarkettobalanceitsimportandexporttrade.

　Frenchindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillinadequatetomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeople,letalonelong-rangeddevelopments.Essentialimportshadstretchedthenationalcredittothebreakingpoint.Rentsweretightlycontrolled,buttheextremeinflationaffectedgeneralpopulationmostseverelythroughthecostoffood.Foodcoststookasmuchas80percentoftheworker'sincome.Wages,i