考研英语真题doc.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionTwo

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

   Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency（crimescommittedbyyoungpeople）focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories（21）____ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior（22）____theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough（23）____withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietythatchildrencommitcrimesin（24）____totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus（25）____asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.

Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,（26）____thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes（27）____lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare（28）____tocriticism.

   Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly（29）____juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat（30）____tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment（31）____makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin（32）____leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.

   Familieshavealso（33）____changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;（34）____,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome（35）____wascommoninthetraditionalfamily（36）____.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other（37）____causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased（38）____ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing（39）____ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,（40）____adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.

   21.[A]acting    [B]relying    [C]centering    [D]cementing

   22.[A]before    [B]unless    [C]until    [D]because

   23.[A]interactions[B]assimilation　[C]cooperation　[D]consultation

   24.[A]return    [B]reply    [C]reference    [D]response

   25.[A]or    [B]butrather    [C]but    [D]orelse

   26.[A]considering    [B]ignoring    [C]highlighting    [D]discarding

   27.[A]on    [B]in    [C]for    [D]with

   28.[A]immune    [B]resistant    [C]sensitive    [D]subject

   29.[A]affect    [B]reduce    [C]chock    [D]reflect

   30.[A]point    [B]lead    [C]come    [D]amount

   31.[A]ingeneral    [B]onaverage    [C]bycontrast    [D]atlength

   32.[A]case    [B]short    [C]turn    [D]essence

   33.[A]survived    [B]noticed    [C]undertaken    [D]experienced

   34.[A]contrarily　[B]consequently　[C]similarly　[D]simultaneously

   35.[A]than    [B]that    [C]which    [D]as

   36.[A]system    [B]structure    [C]concept    [D]heritage

   37.[A]assessable    [B]identifiable    [C]negligible    [D]incredible

   38.[A]expense    [B]restriction    [C]allocation    [D]availability

   39.[A]incidence    [B]awareness    [C]exposure    [D]popularity

   40.[A]provided    [B]since    [C]although    [D]supposing

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent.”It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold,”saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.

Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:

“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysoneexpert.

Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept--whatyouthinkyouwanttodo--thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.

Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.

Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.

41.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?

[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.

[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.

[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.（C）

[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.

42.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?

[A]Lackofcounseling.[B]Limitednumberofvisits.

[C]Lowerefficiency.（A）[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.

43.Theexpression“tipservice”（Line4,Paragraph3）mostprobablymeans________.

[A]advisory[B]compensation[C]interaction（D）[D]reminder

44.WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?

[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.

[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.（B）[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.

45.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.

[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.

[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.（C）

[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.

Text2

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:

alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoëZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors（includinghisfather）hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged（Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi）.Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers（Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami）areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen（Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht）.

Canthismerelybecoincidence?

Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:

alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

[A]Akindofoverlookedinequalit