考研英语真题doc.docx

1、考研英语真题doc全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section TwoDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual

2、 or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) _ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) _ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) _ with others. Theories focusing on the r

3、ole of society that children commit crimes in (24) _ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) _ as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) _ the fact that children from wealthy homes al

4、so commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) _ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) _ to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) _ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) _ to fewer job opportun

5、ities for youth and rising unemployment (31) _ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) _ lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (33) _ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parent

6、s; (34) _, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) _ was common in the traditional family (36) _. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) _ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (

7、38) _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) _ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) _ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21.A acting B relying C centering D cementing 22.A before

8、 B unless C until D because 23.A interactions B assimilation C cooperation D consultation 24.A return B reply C reference D response 25.A or B but rather C but D or else 26.A considering B ignoring C highlighting D discarding 27.A on B in C for D with 28.A immune B resistant C sensitive D subject 29

9、.A affect B reduce C chock D reflect 30.A point B lead C come D amount 31.A in general B on average C by contrast D at length 32.A case B short C turn D essence 33.A survived B noticed C undertaken D experienced 34.A contrarily B consequentlyC similarly D simultaneously 35.A than B that C which D as

10、 36.A system B structure C concept D heritage 37.A assessable B identifiable C negligible D incredible 38.A expense B restriction C allocation D availability 39.A incidence B awareness C exposure D popularity 40.A provided B since C although D supposing Section III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirecti

11、ons:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success bu

12、t was attracted by the sites “personal search agent.” Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D

13、.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and

14、inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.Fo

15、r any job search, you should start with a narrow concept - what you think you want to do - then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep ab

16、reast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt jo

17、b hunters to return. When CareerSites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs - those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them

18、- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of wor

19、k or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.41. How

20、 did Redmon find his job?A By searching openings in a job database.B By posting a matching position in a database.C By using a special service of a database.（C）D By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?A Lack of counseling. B Limited nu

21、mber of visits.C Lower efficiency.（A） D Fewer successful matches.43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means _.A advisory B compensation C interaction（D） D reminder44. Why does CareerSites agent offer each job hunter only three job options?A To focus on better job matc

22、hes. B To attract more returning visits.C To reserve space for more messages.（B） D To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?A Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C Perso

23、nal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.（C）D Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism

24、. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone

25、directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vic

26、e-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetic

27、ally advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, El

28、lison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to rememb

29、er their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they ge

30、t less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?A A kind of overlooked inequalit