最新高中英语书本语法整理优秀名师资料.docx
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最新高中英语书本语法整理优秀名师资料
高中英语书本语法整理
1词汇篇
书本拾遗
1.TheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagegaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.(M1U2)
theEnglishlanguage英语语言(该说法更正式)
identity一般表示“身份”,但此处意为“特色”(词典上第二条释义)。
整句话意思是:
该词典赋予了美国英语拼写一种完全不同的特色。
2.withoutasecondthought毫不犹豫(地)/不假思索(地)(M1U2)
3.ThereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.(M1U2)
天下没有像…这样的事情,固定句式:
there’snosuchthingas…
4.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.(M1U3)
get此处表示“使…达到/处于某种状态”,后跟宾语+宾补(一般为形容词/-ed过去分词)。
如:
Don’tgetyourdressdirty!
Hegothisfingerscaughtinthedoor.
Getthechildrenreadyforschool!
Don’tgetyourselfinvolvedinthefight.
对比:
Manychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.(M1U4)
leave表示使…处于某种状态。
具体用法有:
leavesb/sthadj/-ing/-ed/todo/n/介宾短语等等,详见995页。
每个用法造句。
5.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.(M1U3)feel此处是系动词,后接表语(形容词,名词,表语从句等等),表示“感觉起来(像)”具体例子看词典632相关词条。
6.Nothingisleftofitbutmemoriesandsomehousesfarfromthecenterofthecity.(M1U4)beleft留下,剩下
of此处可理解为从…,在…中,以…为基础。
词典995例句:
Theyarefightingtosavewhatisleftoftheirbusiness.
of此用法常见的还有:
Whenthebabywasborn,herfatherheldhertightinhisarms,wondering,“whatistobecomeofmybaby?
”Manhimselfhadtomakeruinsofsomeofthecity’sbestbuildingssothattheywouldnotbeadangertothoseinthestreets.(M1U4)此处makeAofB意为“从B中得到A”,或“使B变成A”。
It’simportanttotryandmakesomethingofyourlife.
引申:
makethemostof…
7.Therewasnostoppingthefires.Thereisnodoingsth,无法做…
8.Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwillbeadmittedascompetitors.(M2U2)此处的admit以为“允许(加入/参赛)”
9.IttooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.(M2U3)Ittakes/is一段时间before…,过了一段时间,才…
10.Shepreparesreliablemovestouseifanewsituationarises.(M2U3)arise出现
11.Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout!
(M2U3)
……..我的职责就是发挥我的聪明才智!
12.Ifothersfollowhim,somuchthebetter.(M2U1)那就更好了。
13.Let’shopeforgreatersuccessinthenextOlympics!
(M2U3)hopeforsth希望得到…14.easytoapproach(M2U5)平易近人
15.Festivalsaremeanttocelebrateimportanttimesofayear.(M3U1)bemeant/intendedtodo意在…/旨在…
2词汇篇
16.Thenbylunchtimetheywouldallbesold.(M3U2)by表示“在…之前”/“等到…时”
17.HecouldnothaveYongHuigettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies!
(M3U2)havesb/sthdo要求…做某事
havesb/sthdone要求/让…被
havesb/sthdoing肯定句中很少用,表示让…一直做;常用于否定句,表示(不能)容忍…做…如:
Youcan’thavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.(M7U2)
18.Whentheywereservedtheicecream,YongHuibegantolookill.(M3U2)
servesbsth,为某人提供…
此处serve后跟双宾语,类似意义或相反意义的词有offer/give/allow/leave/spare/deny/savesbsth
练习里碰到过如下现象,须分析熟记:
Ifgiventhechance,wewill…
Ifallowedtwomoredays,wecoulddoabetterjob.
Theyweredeniedaccesstotheinformation.
Yourfatalmistakeleftmenoroomforanyimprovement.
Thankyouforsendingmethisparcel—itsavedmemuchtrouble.为…免去
Couldyousparemeafewminutes?
为…留出,匀出
19.What’stheretowaitfor?
(M3U3)
有什么好等的,/为什么要等,/等什么等,
20.It’sforustothankyou.(M3U3)
for表示应该由…做…。
详见681释义20.
21.YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.(M4U2)work作及物动词,常见两种用法:
管理、经营(tomanageoroperatesthtogainbenefitfromit);使工作(makeoneself/sbwork,especiallyveryhard)
22.Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.(M4U2)equip是重点词。
注意:
变形时要双写p(如equipped);及物动词,意思为“为某人配置装备”;常用被动,形容某学校、机构等等有…装备/设施(如Ourschoolisawell-equippedone.)
23.IsDrYuanmoreofascientistormoreofafarmer?
(M4U2)
bemoreof…/bemorelike…
24.Itispossibleto“read”othersaroundus,eveniftheydonotintendforustocatchtheirunspokencommunication.(M4U4)
intend详细用法见词典919,严格讲应该为“intendusto…”意图使某人…
25.…hethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(M5U1)
Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.(M5U1)exposesbto,使面临/遭受
常见于beexposedtosth,暴露在…环境下
26.Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas.(M5U2)toone’scredit:
makingsbdeservepraise/respect值得赞赏的是
该句可以改为:
Thefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas,whichisverypraiseworthy.credit意思较多,但与高中生日常生活关系不大,所以比较生疏。
查字典,了解其“赊欠”、“赞扬”、“学分”等等意思用法。
27.SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowinghimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.(M5U3)
collect取,接
28.…hespreadsomefoodonthetable,andproducedabedfromthefloor.(M5U3)produce:
show/bringout取出,出示
3词汇篇
如:
Tohireacaryoumustproduceapassportandacurrentdrivinglicense.Theproudfatherproducedmanypicturesofhisbaby.29.Theonlylimitationisiftheuserdoesnotthinkhisorhermessageclearly,anunclearmessagemaybesent.
(M5U3)
limitation这里意为“缺陷”
30.Firstwe’llputyouasanassistanttoanexperiencedjournalist.(M5U4)put使…处于某种状态/情况
31.Lateryoucancoverastoryandsubmitthearticleyourself.(M5U4)cover意思广泛,查阅词典,熟记意思:
报导、涉及、钱够用、涵盖、路程…32.atrickofthetrade
trade:
行业
33.getthefactsstraight
get…straight/right把…弄清楚
又如:
gettheprioritiesstraight分清主次
34.Sowearrangedaninterviewbetweenthefootballerandthemansupposedtobribehim.(M5U4)
supposesbtodo料想某人做…
besupposedtodo:
beexpectedtodo应当做…;begenerallybelievedtodo一般被认为做…35.ZhouYangistryingtohelphisreadersseewhethertheywouldmakegoodjournalists.(M5U4)
make,有潜力成为。
36.Firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthetreatmentofburns.(M5U5)burn,烧伤,可数名词
37.…aknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.(M5U5)对某方面的特定知识,常用aknowledgeof
38.KingJamesletbothCatholicsandProtestantspractiChristseianityintheirownways.(M5U2)
practise,经常做/养成…习惯/奉行
39.KingJamesdidn’twanthispeopletoforgethowclosethegovernmenthadcometodisaster.(M5U2)
感叹句历来是单选里的难点。
首先应该恢复语序,整合词组comecloseto。
to在这里是介词,后接名字。
40.Itintroducesyoutoancientwaysofliving.(M6U2)
introducesbtosth,向某人初次介绍…
41.Whohaswrittenapoemandisreadytoenterthecompetition?
(M6U2)Whoisnotgoingtoenterapoemforthecompetitionthisyear?
enter:
参加;呈交
42.ButIdidfinallymanage.(M6U4)
manage(it),口语中表示“成功”
如:
--Doyouwantmetohelpout?
--Nothanks,Icanmanageit./I’mcopingwell.(我能行)
43.Iwastakenofftheschoolfootballteam.(M6U4)
takeoff,开除,调离(常被动)
44.Itmighthelpyoutostopandstrengthenyourresolve.(M6U4)resolve:
determination
学习其动词搭配—strengthen(增强,巩固)
45.AnyonewhohassexwithapersoninfectedwithHIT/AIDSrisksgettingthevirus.(M6U4)
beinfectedwith被感染罹患…
risk(vt)后接名词/动名词,意为“冒…的风险”
46.Sohowhighwillthetemperatureincreasego?
(M6U5)
go,进展,变化
4词汇篇
如:
Whereisallthisgoing?
Areyounuts?
这TMD有什么意思,…
Howarethingsgoing?
47.They(pollutants)findtheirwayintothewatersupply.(M6U4)
findone’swayinto…自然到达某地
48.Arobotisamachinedesignedtodojobsthatareusuallyperformedbyhumans.(M7U2)perform,从事,做
49.Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.(M7U3)draw,移动
50.DonotmissthisopportunitytoseewhalesatcloserangeontheirannualmigrationsouthtotheAntarctic.(M7U3)
range,视线范围
51.SomechoosetoboardwithEnglishfamilies.(M7U5)
board(vi.),付费住宿
52.第八模块词组、生词汇编
M8U1
“Somesurvivedtheseterribletimes.”survive(vt)在…中幸存下来
“Themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.”ministry(n),牧师的职责/全体牧师/部门
“In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico.”declarewaron…,向…宣战
定义:
在Rt△ABC中,锐角∠A的邻边与斜边的比叫做∠A的余弦,记作cosA,即;“someremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitgreathardsheip.”despite是介词,在具体语境中往往可以理解为“尽管有”。
84.16—4.22有趣的图形1整理复习2“It’sa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.”takein,包括/欺骗…
84.16—4.22有趣的图形1整理复习2“TheywrotepoemsonthewallsabouttheirlonelinessandmournedtheirformerlifeinChina.”mourn(vt/vi),
哀悼/悼念/缅怀
M8U2
“Cloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.”with此处含有“存在”之意。
(4)面积公式:
(hc为C边上的高);“Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.”undertake(vt),承担
6确定圆的条件:
“Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.”encouraging,令人振奋的/鼓舞人心的“Suchpeoplecanberestoredtoperfecthealthandbeabletoliveanormallifeagain.”restoreoneself/restoresbtoperfecthealth…,使某人恢复原状/健康…
M8U3
“Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmerciful….”distinguishoneself,使别人对自己另眼相看/使自己出众
的图象可以由y=ax2的图象平移得到:
(利用顶点坐标)“Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulidea…”press(vt),敦促/逼迫
(二)教学难点“SoIhavefilledintheformandfiledmypatentapplicationwiththePatentOffice.”file(vt),提交;with,向M8U4
(2)抛物线与x轴的交点情况可以由对应的一元二次方程的根的判别式判定:
“Iain’tnothief.”口语里常见的自相矛盾句。
理解为“I’mnotathief.”
“AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance!
”makeone’sacquaintance,结识某人“Shewasonlyhalfresignedtoit.”beresignedtosth,勉强接受/屈服于
M8U5
1、开展一帮一活动,让优秀学生带动后进生,促使他们的转化。
“Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.”applaud(vt),称赞“Adelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.”arrest(vt),逮捕
“Hehadalarge,squareface,withstronglypronouncedeyebrowsandcheekbones.”pronounced(adj),突出/显著的
1、在现实的情境中理解数学内容,利用学到的数学知识解决自己身边的实际问题,获得成功的体验,增强学好数学的信心。
“Lala’sspiritsrose.”spirit(pl),情绪