山东省菏泽市第一中学届高三最后一模英语试题.docx

山东省菏泽市第一中学届高三最后一模英语试题.docx

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山东省菏泽市第一中学届高三最后一模英语试题

山东省菏泽市第一中学2019届高三最后一模英语试题

学校:

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一、阅读选择

Everymandreamsofhavingagoodcar.Withluxurycars,likeBentley,LamborghiniandRolls-Royce,goingintotheworldofSUVs,ifyouhavedeeppockets,youwillbespoiltforchoice.

◆LamborghiniAventadorSVJ

Usinganewaerodynamicsystemallowsittosetacarlaprecordof6:

4497atNurburgring,oneofthelongestandmostchallengingcircuitsintheworld.Plus,carbonfibercanbeseeneverywhere,whichmakesthecarstrongandlightweight.There’reonly900beingbuiltandyou’11needtocoughup$517,770tobuyone.

◆AstonMartinDBX

TheDBXisAstonMartin’smaidenSUVproduct.Itfeaturesachoiceoftwogasengines—a4.0-literV8fromMercedesanda5.2-literV12fromitsown.Thepriceispredictedtobearound$250,000.

◆AudiE-tron

Beinganeco-friendlymotoring.itisanall-electricSUVthatmakesupforitsratherordinaryappearancewithdesign,luxuryandtechnology.Atthefrontandbackareelectricmotorswhichinsureprogressisrapid.Inadditiontoplentyofstoragespace,theAudiE-tronprovidessidecamerasinsteadofsidemirrorsandairsuspensionthatadaptstotheterrain（地形）.Handover$74,800andit’syours.

◆TeslaRoadster

TeslaRoadsterwillturnmostheads,Zeroto60in1.9secondsmeansitwillleavemostcarsfordust.Thetopspeedis250mph,whichisalsounheardofformostcars—letaloneana11-electricone.HavingadvancedautonomousdrivingsystemsandahugetouchscreenforsurfingtheInternet,itwon’tmakeyouregretforpaying$200,000.

1．What’sspecialaboutLamborghiniAventadorSVJ?

A．Itofferstwogasengines.B．Itisanall-electricSUV.

C．Ituseslightweightmaterials.D．Ithasthemostchallengingcircuit.

2．Whichcarissuitableifyouwantonewithadaptableairsuspension?

A．LamborghiniAventadorSVJ.B．AstonMartinDBX.

C．AudiE-tron.D．TeslaRoadster

3．WhichofthefollowingdoesTeslaRoadsterprovide?

A．Self-drivingsystems.B．Agas-savingengine.

C．Sidecameras.D．Muchstoragespace.

It’snotunusualtoseeanunreasonablechildlyingonthegrounddrumminghisheels.Besidehimisadesperatemotheryellingatthetopofherlungs.Raisingawell-behavedkidisreallyahead-scratchingthing.

Ifyoutookalltheparentingstylesaroundtheworldandrankedthembytheirgentleness,theInuit（因纽特人）approachwouldcertainlyranknearthetop.Allthemomsmentiononegoldenrole:

Don’tshoutoryellatsmallchildren.Inuit’sno-yellingpolicyistheircentralcomponenttoraisingcool-headedkids.Thecultureviewsscolding,orevenspeakingtochildreninallangryvoice,asinappropriate,althoughlittlekidsarepushingparents'buttons.

Playful“storytelling”isanothertricktosculptingkids’behavior.Butthisstorytellingdiffershugelyfromthosefairytalesfullofmorallessons.Parents“retell”whathappenedwhenaboythrewatantrum（发脾气）bywayofwhatShakespearewouldunderstandalltoowell:

puttingona“drama”.Afterthechildhascalmeddown,theparentswillreviewwhathappenedwhenthechildmisbehaved,usuallystartingwithaquestion:

“Canyoushowushowtothrowatantrum?

”Thenthechildhastothinkwhatheshoulddo.Ifhetakesthebaitandperformstheaction,themomwillaskafollow-upquestionwithaplayfultone.Forexample:

“Doesthatseemright?

”or“Areyouababy?

”Sheisgettingacrosstheideathat“bigboys”won’tthrowatantrum.

Kids’brainsarestilldevelopingthecircuitryneededforself-contro1.Whatyoudoinresponsetoyourchildren’semotionsshapestheirbrains.Sonexttime,seeingyourboymisbehave,tryusingtheInuit’sstorytellingapproach.Anddon’tforgettokeepcoo1.Afterall,boyswillbeboys.

4．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“pushingparents’buttons”underlinedinParagraph2?

A．Talkingwithparents.B．Playingwithparents’buttons.

C．Exposingparents’faults.D．Makingparentsannoyed.

5．WhatdoweknowaboutInuit’s“storytelling”?

A．Itaimsatplayingatrickonkids.B．Itraiseskids’awarenessofmorality.

C．Itcomesafterachildmisbehaves.D．ItanalyzesShakespeare’sdramas.

6．What’stheauthor’sattitudetochildren’smisbehavior?

A．Cautious.B．Tolerant.

C．Uncaring.D．Skeptical.

7．What’sthemainideaofthetext?

A．Inuit’sapproachtoparenting.

B．Valuesofreadingliteraryworks.

C．Causesofchildren’smisbehavior.

D．Parents’responsesto“storytelling”.

Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:

Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?

Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?

Avoidingtemptation（诱惑）isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.

Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?

Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.

Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.

Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.

8．Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.

A．peoplehaveunlimitedself-control

B．highmotivationensuresone’ssuccess

C．willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted

D．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure

9．Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.

A．makeuseofB．runoutof

C．buildD．increase

10．Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles.

A．toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower

B．toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise

C．toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup

D．toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control

11．Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?

A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”

B．“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”

C．“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”

D．“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”

Fairytalesperformmanyfunctions.Theyentertain,encourageimaginationandteachproblem—solvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemorallessons,highlightingthedangersoffailingtofollowthesocialcodesthatlethumanbeingscoexistinharmony.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologybelievesithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI（artificialintelligence）cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.

Thecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesteachchildrenhowtobehaveinsociallyacceptablewayswithexamplesofproperandimproperbehaviorinfables,novelsandotherliterature.WebelievestorycomprehensioninrobotscanpreventtheintelligentrobotsfromkillinghumanitywhichwaspredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnologyincludingStephenHawkingandBillGates.Thissystemiscalled“Quixote”（堂吉诃德）.ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestoteachrobotshowtobehave.

Theexperimentdonebythedesignersinvolvesgoingtoadrugstoretopurchasesomemedicineforahumanwhoneedstogetitassoonaspossible.Therobothasthreeoptions.Itcanwaitinline;itcaninteractwiththestorekeeperpolitelyandpurchasethemedicinewithpriority;oritcanstealthemedicineandescape.Withoutanyfurtherdirectives（指令）,therobotwillcometotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofobtainingthemedicineistostealit.ButQuixoteoffersarewardforwaitinginlineandpolitelypurchasingthemedicineandapunishmentforstealingit.Inthisway,therobotwilllearnthemoralwaytobehaveonthatoccasion.

Quixotewouldworkbestonarobotthathasaverylimitedfunction.It’sababystepinthedirectionofteachingmoremorallessonsintorobots.WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.Givingrobotstheabilitytoreadandunderstandourstoriesmaybethemostefficientmeans.

12．Whatfunctiondofairytalesperformintherobots?

A．Theyentertainrobots.

B．Theyhighlightdangers.

C．Theymakerobotsmoreintelligent.

D．Theyenablerobotstobehavemorally.

13．Whatis“Quixote”inthetext?

A．Apunishmentsystem

B．Acha