牛津英语模块七第二单元Welcome to the unit语言点精讲与考点连接doc.docx

牛津英语模块七第二单元Welcome to the unit语言点精讲与考点连接doc.docx

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牛津英语模块七第二单元Welcometotheunit语言点精讲与考点连接doc

Welcometotheunit

1.Ifweneedanoperation,aspecialroomcalledanoperatingtheatreisused.（P17）如果我们需要做手术的话,就使用一个特殊的被成为手术室的房间.

operate

v.[I]tocutabodyopenformedicalreasonsinordertorepair,removeorreplaceadiseasedordamagedpart:

Ifthegrowthgetsanybiggerthey'llhavetooperate.

Aretheygoingtooperateonhim?

v.[IorT]to（causeto）work,beinactionorhaveaneffect:

Howdoyouoperatetheremotecontrolunit?

Doesthecompanyoperateapensionscheme?

operation

n.[C]whenadoctorcutsabodyformedicalreasonsinordertorepair,removeorreplaceadiseasedordamagedpart:

amajor/minor/routineoperation

anabdominal/cataract/transplantoperation

He'sgottohaveanoperationonhisshoulder.

[+toinfinitive]Wewillknowinacoupleofdaysiftheoperationtorestorehersightwassuccessful.

n.[U]thefactofoperatingorbeingactive:

Thereareseveralreactorsofthetypeinoperation（=working）atthemoment.

Weexpectthenewschemeforassessingclaimstocomeintooperation（=startworking）earlynextyear.

operator

n.[C]1）someonewhosejobistouseandcontrolamachineorvehicle:

acomputeroperator

2）acompanythatdoesaparticulartypeofbusiness:

atouroperator

3）apersonwhohelpstoconnectpeopleonatelephonesystem

2.Haveyoueverseenadoctor?

Ifso,whathappened?

（P17）你到医生那儿看过病吗?

如果看过,是发生了什么问题?

ever

adv.1）atanytime:

Nothingeverhappenshereintheevenings.

HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?

Hehardlyever（=almostnever）washesthedishesandherarely,ifever,（=probablynever）doesanycleaning.

Thesmellisworsethanever.

Ithoughtshewasfamous,butnoneofmyfriendshaveeverheardofher.

2）continually:

Heiseverrepeatingthesameoldstory.

3）usedforemphasizinganadjective:

Yesterdaythecompanyannounceditsfirsteverfallinprofits.

4）foralltime:

IlikethehousebutIdon'timagineI'lllivethereforever.

5）continuallysincethattime:

He'sbeendepressedeversincehegotdivorced.

Reading---Twolife-savingmedicines

1.Ifyouopenupanymedicinecupboardintheworld,thereisahighprobabilitythatyouwillfindaspirinandpenicillin.（P18）倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜,都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。

openup

phrasalverb[M]

1）toshowsth.thatwashiddenornotpreviouslyknown:

Thesecuritycouncildebatecouldopenupsharpdifferencesbetweenthecountries.

2）toimproveasituationbymakingitlesslimited:

Thegovernmenthasannouncedplanstoopenupaccesstohighereducation.

3）tomakeaspacelargerorlessenclosed:

We'regoingtoopenupourkitchenbyknockingdownacoupleofwalls.

4）toopenthelockonthedoorofabuilding:

Thecaretakeropensuptheschooleverymorningatseven

5）todoamedicaloperationonsomeonetoseeinsidetheirbody:

Whentheyopenedherup,theycouldn'tfindanythingwrongwithher.

6）tostarttotalkmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings:

I'veneveropeneduptoanyonelikeIdotoyou.

probability

n.[CorU]thelikelihoodofsth.happeningorbeingtrue:

Whatistheprobabilityofwinning?

Theprobabilityofgettingalltheanswerscorrectisaboutoneinten.

There'sahigh/strongprobability（that）（=Itisverylikelythat）she'llbehere.

Untilyesterday,theprojectwasjustapossibility,butnowithasbecomearealprobability（=itislikelythatitwillhappen）.

probable

adj.likelytobetrueorlikelytohappen:

Theprobablecauseofdeathwasheartfailure.

[+that]Itisprobablethatsharepriceswillfallstillfurther.

注意比较：

probable:

adj.很可能的，与likely意思相近，有时可以互换；possible的语气稍弱。

他们各自的句型如下：

It’sprobable/possibleforsb.todosth.

It’sprobable/possiblethat…

It’slikelythat…

sb./sth.islikelytodosth.

2.…butinfact,3,500yearsago,somerecipesrecommendeddrinkingateamadefromthedriedleavesofaparticularplanttoreducebodypains.（P18）但事实上,早在3,500年前就有一些药方建议人们饮用一种由特殊植物的干叶制成的茶来减轻身体的病痛。

recommend

v.[T]tosuggestthatsomeoneorsth.wouldbegoodorsuitableforaparticularjoborpurpose,ortosuggestthataparticularactionshouldbedone:

Icanrecommendthechickeninmushroomsauce-it'sdelicious.

Shehasbeenrecommendedforpromotion.

Theheadmistressagreedtorecommendtheteachers'proposalstotheschoolgovernors.

[+（that）]Thedoctorrecommended（that）Itakemoreexercise.

[+ingformofverb]Irecommendwritingyourfeelingsdownonpaper.

recommended

adj.

Itisdangeroustotakemorethantherecommendeddoseofthismedicine.

Sheisahighlyrecommendedarchitect.

recommendation

n.1）[CorU]asuggestionthatsth.isgoodorsuitableforaparticularpurposeorjob:

IboughtthiscomputeronJohn'srecommendation（=becauseJohntoldmethatitwasgood）.

IgotthejobonSam'srecommendation（=becauseshetoldheremployersthatIwassuitableforthejob）.

2）[C]advicetellingsomeonewhatthebestthingtodois:

[+that]Thereportmakestherecommendationthatnomoreprisonsshouldbebuilt.

make…from…

toproducesth.,oftenusingaparticularsubstanceormaterial:

Butterismadeoutof/frommilk.

相关短语:

make…of…/bemadeof…

Earringsaremadeofgold

make…into…/bemadefrom

Woodcanbemadeintotables.

makeup/bemadeupof…

Elevenplayersmakeupthefootballteam.

Thefootballteamismadeupofelevenplayers.

3.Thefirsttrialsofthismedicinetookplacein1899whenthecompanyHoffmannworkedforbegangivingthemedicineinpowderformtophysicianstousewithpatients.（P18）1899年,该药品第一次进行实验,当时,霍夫曼供职的公司开始将该药以粉末形式提供给医师,让他们用于病人。

trial

n.[CorU]1）atest,usuallyoveralimitedperiodoftime,todiscoverhoweffectiveorsuitablesth.orsomeoneis:

They'redoingclinicaltrialsonanewdrug.

They'veemployedherforasix-monthtrial（period）.

MAINLYUKYoucanbuyanyoftheirgardenequipmentontrial/USUSUALLYonatrialbasis,andifyoudon'tlikeityoucangiveitback.

2）thehearingofstatementsandshowingofobjects,etc.inacourtoflawtojudgewhetherapersonisguiltyofacrimeortodecideacaseoralegalmatter:

Trialbyjuryisafundamentalright.

Itwasaverycomplicatedtrialthatwentonformonths.

She'sgoingon/standingtrialforfraud.

trialanderror

n.awayofachievinganaimorsolvingaproblembytryinganumberofdifferentmethodsandlearningfromthemistakesthatyoumake:

There'snoinstantwayoffindingacure-it'sjustaprocessoftrialanderror.

takeplace:

tohappen:

TheconcerttakesplacenextThursday.

同义词辨析:

happen：

（ofasituationoranevent）tohaveexistenceorcomeintoexistence:

Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenedbutseveralpeoplehavebeenhurt.

Anythingcouldhappeninthenexthalfhour.

Afunnythinghappenedintheofficetoday.

What'shappenedtomypen（=Whereisit）?

Iputitdownthereafewmomentsago.

todoorbebychance:

[+toinfinitive]Theyhappenedtolook（=lookedbychance）intherightplacealmostimmediately.

[+（that）]Fortunatelyithappened（that）therewasnooneinthehouseatthetimeoftheexplosion.

occur:

tohappen:

Anaccidentinvolvingovertenvehicleshasoccurredintheeast-boundlane.

Ifanyofthesesymptomsoccurwhileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

occurtosb.phrasalverb

Ifathoughtorideaoccurstoyou,itcomesintoyourmind:

Thethoughtdidoccurtome.

[+that]Itneverevenoccurredtousthathehadn'tbeeninvited.

toexistorbepresentin,among,etc:

Violenceofsomesortseemstooccurineverysociety.

Mineralsoccurnaturallyintheearth'scrust

in…form=intheformof…

Thelawnwaslaidoutintheformofthefigureeight.

inanyshapeorform

ofanytype:

I'mopposedtowarinanyshapeorform.

4.Ayearlater,in1900,aspirinwassoldinshopsasatabletcontaining500milligramsofASA.（P18）一年以后，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售，每片含有200毫克的乙酰水杨酸。

contain

v.[Tnotcontinuous]

tohavesth.insideorincludesth.asapart:

Howmuchliquiddoyouthinkthisbottlecontains?

I'velostafilecontainingalotofimportantdocuments.

Trytoavoidfoodswhichcontainalotoffat.

Theallegationscontainedinthisreportareveryserious.

注意比较:

include

v.[T]tocontainsth.asapartofsth.else,ortomakesth.partofsth.else:

Thebookcontains40maps,includingamapofChina.

Thebillincludestaxandservice.

Taxandserviceareincludedinthebill.

5.LawrenceCraven,adoctorfromtheUSA,istheauthorofseveralpublishedreports,oneofwhichintroducedtheideain1953thataspirincouldreducetheriskofheartattacksbythinningblood.（P18）美国的一位医生劳伦斯·克雷文发表了好几篇报告，其中1953年的一篇报告提出了阿司匹林可以稀释血液。

thin

adj.（thinner,thinnest）havingasmalldistancebetweentwooppositesides:

athinbook

thinblacklines

athinjacket

adj.（thinner,thinnest）（ofthebody）withlittlefleshonthebones:

Didyounoticehowthinherwristswere?

Thin,hungrydogsroamedthestreets.

Adj.（thinner,thinnest）（ofaliquid）flowingeasily:

athinsoup

v.[T]tomakeasubstancelessthick,oftenbyaddingaliquidtoit:

Thinthesaucedownwithalittlestock.

6.…andin1977,astudycarriedoutintheUSAshowedthatthechemicalASAinaspirincouldpreventastroke,whichisatypeofseriousillnesswhenbloodvesselsinthebrainburstsuddenlyorareblocked.（P18）1977年，美国的一项研究证明，阿司匹林中的化学物质乙酰水杨酸能预防中风。

中风是由于大脑血管爆裂或梗塞而产生的一种突发疾病。

block

n.[C]1）asolidstraight-sidedlumpofhardmaterial:

ablockofwood/ice

2）agroupofthingsbought,dealtwith,orconsideredtogether:

ablockoftickets/seats/shares

Corporate-hospitalityfirmsmakeblockbookings（=buylargenumbersofseats）atbigsportingevents.

3）alarge,usuallytallbuildingdividedintoseparatepartsforuseasofficesorhomesbysev