语言学概论考试重点选择填空判断.docx

语言学概论考试重点选择填空判断.docx

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语言学概论考试重点选择填空判断

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe__C____

A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic

32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

D

A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas__C___

A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because__D_________.

A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue

D.Alloftheabove

35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa_B__studyoflanguage.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）___A_______viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

A.sociological…psychologicalB.psychological…sociological

C.applied…pragmaticD.semanticandlinguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_C___referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_______B__andmeanings.

A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled___A______,

A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough_D__,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learningB.teachingC.booksD.bothAandB

Chapter2

35．Ofallthespeechorgans,the___C____is/arethemostflexible.

A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords

36．Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare__A__sounds.

A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantal

37．____B______isavoicedalveolarstop.

A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/

38．Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones___D_________.

A.identicalB.sameC.exactlyalikeD.similar39．Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe_____A______.

A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistribution

C.theallophoneD.minimalpair

40．Thesound/f/is_______D__________.

A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop

C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative

41.A__C__vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.

A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle

42.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.ThephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledC____.

A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituentsC.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures43.A（n）______D_____isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme

44．Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe_D___ofthatphoneme.

A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones

Chapter3

21.Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa（n）____D__.

A.boundmorphemeB.boundform

C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme

22.Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound______D____.

A.isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponents

B.canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemes

C.isthesameasthemeaningofafreephrase.

D.Noneoftheabove.

23.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof___B_______.

A.thefirstelementB.thesecondelement

C.eitherthefirstorthesecondelementD.boththefirstandthesecondelements.

24.___B____arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.

A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.BoundwordsD.Words

25._____C____isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme

26.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis___C___.

A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic

27.Boundmorphemesarethosethat_____D______.

A.havetobeusedindependentlyB.cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemes

C.caneitherbefreeorboundD.havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes.

28.___A_modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.

A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes

29.____B____areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.

A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences

30.“-s”intheword“books”is__C_____.

A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.aroot

Chapter4

25.Asentenceisconsidered__D__whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.

A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical

26.A____D______intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.

A.coordinatorB.particleC.prepositionD.subordinator

27.Phrasestructureruleshave_A___properties.

A.recursiveB.grammaticalC.socialD.functional

28.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand___D__________.

A.howwordsandphrasesformsentences.

B.whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwords

C.howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentences

D.Alloftheabove.

29.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalled___A_____.

A.transformationalrulesB.generativerulesC.phrasestructurerulesD.x-bartheory

30.Thetheoryofcaseconditionaccountsforthefactthat____A______.

A.nounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.

B.nounphrasescanbeusedtomodifyanothernounphrase

C.nounphrasecanbeusedinadverbialpositions

D.nounphrasecanbemovedtoanyplaceifnecessary.

31.Thesentencestructureis_____D___.

A.onlylinearB.OnlyhierarchicalC.complexD.bothlinearandhierarchical

32.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare_C_innumber.

A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite

33.The_____D___rulesaretherulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.

A.lexicalB.morphologicalC.linguisticD.combinational

34.______B_rulesmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.

A.Generative（可生性）B.Transformational（转换性）C.X-barD.Phrasestructure

Chapter5

21.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby__A______.

A.PlatoB.BloomfieldC.GeoffreyLeechD.Firth

22.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents____B___.

A.theconceptualist概念论者viewB.contexutalismC.thenamingtheoryD.behaviourism行为主义

22.

23.

23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

D

A.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherent固有的，内在的meaningofthelinguisticform.

B.Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.

C.Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.

D.Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.

24.“CanIborrowyourbike?

”_____D__“Youhaveabike.”

A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes

25._______B____isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.

A.PredicationanalysisB.ComponentialanalysisC.PhonemicanalysisD.Grammaticalanalysis

26.“alive”and“dead”are______C________.

A.gradableantonymsB.relationaloppositesC.complementaryantonymsD.Noneoftheabove

27.____A_____dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense

28.______C_____referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.A.PolysemyB.SynonymyC.HomonymyD.Hyponymy

29.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled_______D_______.

A.homonymsB.polysemyC.hyponymsD.synonyms

30.Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby___A____.

A.grammaticalrulesB.selectionalrestrictionsC.semanticrulesD.semanticfeatures

Chapter6

25.__A_______doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.SenserelationD.Concept

26.Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething___C____intraditionalsemantics语义学.

A.Contextual上下文的B.Behaviouristic行动主义的C.intrinsic固有的D.logical27.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemantics语义学andpragmatics语用学iswhetherinthestudyofmeaning__D_______isconsidered.

A.referenceB.speechactC.practicalusage实际使用D.context

28.Asentenceisa___B______concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation孤立.

26.A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.mentalD.conceptual29.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutter完全的，彻底的inthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa（n）__C_______.

A.constativeB.directiveC.utteranceD.expressive

30.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

B

A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

B.Someutterances言论cannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocomplete