剑桥商务英语初级模拟试题及答案.docx

剑桥商务英语初级模拟试题及答案.docx

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剑桥商务英语初级模拟试题及答案

2021年剑桥商务英语初级模拟试题及答案

　　Reading1hour　　PARTONE　　Questions1–8　　Lookatthesentencesbelowandatthefivemanagers’commentsonleadershipontheoppositepage　　Whichnewitem（A,B,C,DorE）doseeachstatement1–8referto?

　　Foreachstatement!

–8,makeoneletter（A,B,C,DorE）onyourAnswerSheet.　　Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.　　　　1、Successfulleadershipinvolvesmakingsurethatemployeesacceptnewideas.　　2、Agoodleadercanbringsuccesstoacompanyindifficulties　　3、Leadersshouldbeassessedonthebasisoftheirachievements　　4、Thepersonalitiesofgoodleadersaregenerallydifferentfromthoseofothermanagers　　5、Patienceisavaluablequalityinasuccessfulleader　　6、Leadersconsiderpotentialchangesinwhattheircompanydoesforothers　　7、Goodleaderswillencouragetheirstaffiftheirorganizationisindifficulties　　8、Leadersneedtoadapttheirbehaviourtosuitdifferentcircumstances　　9、　　A　　MaurizioVerna　　Long-term,visionarybusinessleadersmustbepreparedtoinvesttogetwhattheywantfortheircompany.Theyknowwhenandhowtoapplypressureandtotakerisks,whentheyneedtodisplayamorehands-offapproach.Ihaveaprettyclearviewofmyidealbusinessleader,andofcoursethat’swhereI‘mtryingtohead:

heorsheshouldstartupandgrowacash-rich,multi-interestinternationalorganizationoftremendousstrengthanddepth.　　B　　SueTucker　　Thepaceoftechnologicalchange,andtherateatwhichbusinessesarechanging,requiresleaderstohaveaparticularaptitudefortechnologyandanunderstandingoftheinternet.Alotofpeopleareawareoftheopportunitieshere,butawarenessaloneisn’tenough:

inatrueleaderthisneedstobecoupledwithclevermarketing,productdesignandtechnologicalinnovation,andkeepingabreastofeverythinggoingoninthecompany.Infacttheacidtest,Ithink,isbeingabletousealloftheseskillstoturnaroundafailingcompany.　　C　　CarolGodfrey　　Effectiveleadersstandoutfromtheherd.They’reoftenidiosyncratic,eveneccentric.Theyhavetheconfidencetobethemselves,andnottoadoptthelanguageandattributesoftherun-of-the-millprofessionalmanagersandaccountants.What’scrucialishavingthecharismaorwhateveritisthatgivestheirstaffconfidenceinthem,sotheycankeepeveryoneonboardwhentheywanttomakeinnovations.Sooftenthesedon’tgetoffthegroundbecauseoflackofleadership,becauseafterall,ourresponsetochangeissignificantlyaffectedbyhowit’sintroduced.　　D　　BrianMatthews　　Leadershipisaboutmakingthingshappenandbeingjudgedbyresults.Goodideasthatgonowhereareawasteoftime.Anticipateneeds-thoseofcustomersforinstance-andinitiateactiontomeetthoseneedsbeforethepeopleconcernedhaveevenrecognizedthey’vegotthem.Thatwayyou’llalwaysbeaheadofthegame,whateverlineyou’rein.Forinstance,topstockbrokerswilllearnallaboutyouandyourbusinessandkeepthemselvescompletelyuptodatewithyourfieldinordertoadviseyou.Ifthey’rereallygoodthey‘llrecognizetrendsevenbeforeyoudo.　　EAnaCosta　　Outstandingleadersunderstandbothtacticsandstrategy,andarepreparedtoplayaverylonggametoachievetheirobjectives.Theyunderstandthatinnegotiationstheyneedthe“win-win”concept,becauselosersrisklosingtheirdignity,whichisnogoodforyourlong-termbusinessrelationshipwiththem.Leadersmuststayoptimistic,whatevertheodds,andkeepupmoraleoftheircompany,evenwhenthegoing’stough.It’simportanttobeverymuchhands-on,too.Agoodleaderwillchampionideasthatkeepthecompanyintheforefront.

　　PARTTWO　　Questions9–14　　Readthetexttakenfromanarticleaboutthedevelopmentofinternationalmanagers　　Choosethebestsentencefromtheoppositepagetofilleachofthegaps.　　Foreachgap9–14,markoneletter（A-H）onyourAnswerSheet.　　Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.　　Thereisanexampleatthebeginning.（0）　　Searchforthe“worldly–wise”companyexecutives　　Thequestforinternationalmanagersisunderwayinvirtuallyeveryindustrializedeconomy,thesearchhasbeenmadeurgentbytheglobalizationofworldmarketsandthegrowthincrossbordermergersandacquisitions.（0）Manyfirmsreportbeingsostretchedthattheysimplydonothaveenoughofthehigh-qualitypeopletheyrequiretoleadtheirtheirglobalexpansion.　　Othercompaniesarehavingdifficultiesreleasingexperiencedpeoplefromexistingoperationsinordertoleadnewinternationalventures.Thereareindicationsthatashorftageofinternationallyskilledpeoplemaybeanimportantconstraintonfirms’internationalambitions.（9）However,identifyingtheneedforinternationalmanagersiseasierthandevelopingthem.　　Sowhatmakesaninternationalmanager?

PaulEvans,aprofessoratINSEAD,theEuropeanbusinessschool,doesnotbelievethatanyparticularnationalityproducesamoreinternationalmanager.Neitherdoeshebelievethatit’samatterofhavingtheabilitytocopewithalifestylethatinvolvesworkinginMadridoneday,LondonthenextandBerlinthedayafter.（10）Rather,hebelievesthatthesecretofbeingagoodinternationalmangerisbeingcomfortablewithmanagingdiversity.　　FordofEurope,whichhasencouragedthedevelopmentofinternationalmanagersformorethan20years,saysthatitsmanagersareglobally-mindedbeforetheybecomeglobaloperators.（11）acarthatyoubuyintheUK,forexample,isgoingtobethesamecarthatsellsinGermany,FinlandandPortugal,sothepeoplewhoareinvolvedinthecar’sdevelopmenthavetobeawareofthemarketrequirementsinallthosedifferentcountries.　　Generally,itseemsthattheonlyeffectivewaytodevelopinternationalskillsandperspectivesisthroughdirectinternationalexperience.（12）Suchexperiencesopenpeople’smindstothefactthatthingsaredonedifferentlylesewhereandencouragesthemtothinkinawildercontext..　　Formulatingeffectivestrategiesfordevelopingacompany’smanagementresourceisademandingexercise,withconflictingissuestobesolved（13）Anotherdilemmaiswhethertouselocalmanagersorexpatriates.　　Therecruitmentanddevelopmentofeffectiveinternationalmanagersrequiresconsiderablefinancialresourcesandcanbehardtojustifyatbudgetmeetings.（14）however,withoutthem,companieswillcontinuetofindtheirexpansionplansfrustratedbyalackofinternationallyeffectivemanagers.　　Afromthemomenttheyjointhecompany,employeesarefacedwithhavingtothinkinternationally　　BThiscanbethroughinvolvementininternationaltaskforcesorthroughlivingandworkingabroad.　　CShould,forexample,onlyanelitefewreceiveinternationalexperienceinpreparationfortopjobsorshoulditbeofferedtoawidergroup?

　　Dtheseproblemsmeanthatdevelopingmanagerswhothinkandoperategloballyisabsolutelyvitalforcompaniesoperatinginforeignmarkets.　　ELanguagetraining,overseasvisitsandin-housemanagementcoursesareallexpensivetoimplement.　　FJet-settingbetweeninternationaloperationsmerelycreatesabusinessequivalentoftheover-packagedtourist　　GCompaniesarenowemphasizingthehumanskillsinvolvedinmanagingotherpeople　　HThesetrendsarepushingcompanies’existingmanagementresourcestothelimit

　　PARTTHREE　　Questions15-20　　Readthefollowingextractfromabookonmanagementandthequestionsontheoppositepage.　　Foreachquestion15–20,markoneletter（A,B,CorD）onyourAnswerSheetfortheansweryouchoose　　Inthelastfewyears,managersthroughoutindustryhaveseenmorechangesthanmanyofthemcouldhaveexpectedtoseeintheirentireworkingliveshavingtocommunicateinformationwhichoftenleadstofeelingsofinsecurityhasbecomeakeyactivity.Frombeingregardedasrelativelyunimportantinmanycompanies,managementemployeecommunicationhasbecomeacentralcorporateneed.　　ConcordiaInternationalprovidesagoodexampleofacompanythathasadjustedwelltothechangingneedsforcommunication.since1995,Concordiahasbeenturnedinside-outandupside-down,toensurethatitisamarketing–led,customer-responsivebusiness,onethatlooksoutwardsatcustomersandcompetitors,ratherthaninwardsatitsownprocessesandthewaythingsweredoneinthepast.Inthelasteightyears,Concordiahasreduceditsworkforcebymorethan80.000people-or35%-onavoluntarybasis,withfurtherdownsizinganticipated.　　Frombeinganengineeringcompany,Concordiaisnowremakingitselfasaservicecompany.Theroleofemployeecommunicationinsuchacontextistobuildpeople’sself-confidence,topersuadethemthat,althoughitisinevitablethatthechangeswillgoahead,theyalsobringwiththemnewopportunitiesforemployees.However,thisisnotaneasytask.Peopletendtobeskepticaloftheseclaimsandtofeelthattheyarelosingtouchwiththecompanytheyhaveworkedforovermanyyears.Thisisunderstandable,sincemanyoftheoldcertaintiesarebeingsweptaway,includingthecoreactivitiesofthecompanytheyworkfor.Aboveall,theyhavehadtofaceuptothefactthattheynolongerhaveajobforlife.　　Researchindicatesthatpeoplerespondtothispredicamentinavarietyofways.Thebulkofemployeesfallintotwomaincategoriesintermsoftheirresponsetothenewsituation:

ontheonehandtherearethe“pragmatists”andontheother“thehighlyanxious”theformerseetheirjobasameanstoanendandhavearelativelyshort-termperspective,withstrongloyaltytotheirlocalterm,ratherthanthecompanyasawhole.thesecondcategory,usuallythemajority,mayrespondtothreatenedchangeswithafeel