高二英语下学期期末考试题含答案.docx

高二英语下学期期末考试题含答案.docx

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高二英语下学期期末考试题含答案

2022高二英语下学期期末考试题（含答案）

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节）第一节 （每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．

 A

   Everyday, millionsofshoppershitthestoresinfullforce﹣bothonlineandonfoot﹣searchingfortheperfectgift．Asidefrompurchasingholidaygifts, mostpeopleregularlybuypresentsforotheroccasionsthroughouttheyear, includingweddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, andbabyshowers．Thisfrequentexperienceofgift﹣givingcancause________feelingsingift﹣givers．Manyenjoytheopportunitytobuypresentsbecausegift﹣givingoffersapowerfulmeanstobuildstrongerbondswithone’sclosestpersons．Atthesametime, manyfearthethoughtofbuyinggifts; theyworrythattheirpurchaseswilldisappointratherthandelighttheintendedreceivers．

    What issurprisingisthatgift﹣givershaveconsiderableexperienceactingasbothgift﹣giversandgift﹣recipients, butneverthelesstendtooverspendeachtimetheysetouttopurchaseameaningfulgift．Inthepresentresearch, weproposeauniquepsychologicalexplanationforthisoverspendingproblem﹣i．e．, thatgift﹣giversequatehowmuchtheyspendwithhowmuchreceiverswillappreciatethegift（themoreexpensivethegift, thestrongeragift﹣recipient’sfeelingsofappreciation）．Althoughalinkbetweengiftpriceandfeelingsofappreciationmightseemintuitive（凭直觉得到的）togift﹣givers, suchanassumptionmaybeunfounded．Indeed, weproposethatgift﹣receiverswillseldomtendtobasetheirfeelingsofappreciationonthesignificanceweightofagiftthangiversassume．

    Why dogift﹣giversassumethatgiftpriceiscloselylinkedtogift﹣recipients’feelingsofappreciation?

 Perhapsgiversbelievethatbigger（i．e．, moreexpensive）giftsconveystrongersignalsofthoughtfulnessandconsideration．AccordingtoCamerer（1988）andothers, gift﹣givingrepresentsasymbolicritual（礼节）, bywhichgift﹣giversattempttosignaltheirpositiveattitudestowardtheintendedreceiverandtheirwillingnesstoinvestresourcesinafuturerelationship．Inthissense, gift﹣giversmaybemotivatedtospendmoremoneyonagiftinordertosenda“strongersignal”totheirintendedreceiver．Asforgift﹣receivers, theymaynotconsidersmallerandlargergiftsasrepresentingsmallerandlargersignalsofthoughtfulnessandconsideration．

    In practicalterms, peoplespendhundredsofdollarseachyearongifts, butsomehowneverlearntomeasuretheirgiftexpensesaccordingtopersonalinsight．

（1）Theunderlinedword________mostnearlymeans________．

A.unrealisticB.conflictedC.appreciativeD.supportive．

（2）Theauthorsindicatethatpeoplevaluegift﹣givingbecausetheyfeelit________．

A.functionsasaformofself﹣expression．

B.isaninexpensivewaytoshowappreciation．

C.requiresthegift﹣receiverstoreturn．

D.canservetostrengthenarelationship．． 

（3）TheauthorsrefertoworkbyCamererandothersinorderto________．

A.offeranexplanationB.introduceanargument

C.questionanintensionD.supportaconclusion．

                                                                           B

     Most peopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize, andthefirstpersontowinittwice．However, fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner．

    Born inSeptember, 1987, IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters．Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars, Irenestudiedintheirownschool, andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers．ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSévignéinParis．

    IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics．WhenWorldWarIbegan, Irenewenttohelphermother, whowasusingX﹣rayfacilities（设备）tohelpsavethelivesofwoundedsoldiers．IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX﹣rayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium．HerserviceswererecognisedintheformofaMilitary’sMedalbytheFrenchgovernment．

    In 1918, Irenebecamehermother’sassistantattheCurieInstitute．InDecember1924, FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute, andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork．Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926．TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater．

    Like hermother, Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer．Likehermother, IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize, alongwithherhusband, in1935．Unfortunately, alsolikehermother, shedevelopedleukemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity（辐射能）．IreneJoliot﹣CuriediedfromleukemiaonMarch17, 1956．

（4）WhywasIreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal？

________

A.Becauseshereceivedadegreeinmathematics．

B.Becausesheworkedasahelpertohermother．

C.BecauseshewontheNobelPrizewithFrederic．

D.Becauseshecontributedtosavingthewounded．．

（5）WheredidIreneCuriemeetherhusbandFredericJoliot？

________

A.Atamilitaryhospital．B.AttheUniversityofParis．

C.AttheCurieInstitute．D.AttheCollegeofSevigne．．

（6）WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn？

________

A.In1927．B.In1932．C.In1897．D.In1926．．

（7）InwhichofthefollowingaspectswasIreneCuriedifferentfromhermother？

________

A.Ireneworkedwithradioactivity．

B.Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer．

C.Irenediedfromleukemia．

D.IrenewontheNobelPrizeonce． 

                                                                                C

  Therearetwotypesofpeopleinthisworld:

 thosewhoregularlywashtheirofficecoffeecup．Andthosewhoonlytakeitofftheirdesktocoverupthecoffeemarkatthebottomwithafreshpour, drivingawaytheirshamewiththereasoningthattheheatmustkillthebacteriaorspinething．

    Dependingonwhichtypeofpersonyouare, thiswillbeeithermildlyannoyingormore﹣than﹣mildlyexciting．AsHeidiMitchellwroteinarecentWallStreetJournalcolumn, it’sfinetoneverwashyourcup, aslongasyou’renotsharingitwithanybodyelse．

    Therearetwowarningstothatstatement, infectious﹣diseaseexpertJeffreyStrake, aprofessoratBaylorCollegeofMedicine, toldMitchell; One, itonlyappliesifyou’renotsharingthecupwithanybodyelse．Andtwo, ifyouleavecreamorsugarinyourcupovertheweekend, thatcancertainlycausemold（霉）togrow﹣inwhichcase, washitout．

    Otherwise, though, there’snotreallymuchtoworryabout．“IfIwentandculturedtheaverageunwashedcoffeecup, ofcourseIwouldfindbacteria．”Starkesaid．“Butrememberthevastmajoritycamefromthepersonwhousedthecup．”Evenifyoudrinkfromitwhilesick, it’sprettyhardtore﹣infectyourselfwiththesamecup; mostvirusesdon’tlivelongoutsidethebody, whichmeansthatjustlettingyourcupliveinitsowndirtmaybeasaferbetthanthealternative; cleaningitwiththedisgustingsponge（海绵）intheofficekitchen“Thespongeinthebreakroomprobablyhasthehighestbacteriacountofanythingintheoffice．”Starkesaidiftheideaofnotwashinghorrifiesyou, juststickthespongeinthemicrowavebeforeusing．Otherwise, though, reelfreetocontinue________withoutguilt．

（8）Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus？

________

A.Itisharmfultodrinkcoffeewithsugar．

B.It’sokaynottowashyourcoffeecupregularly．

C.Thehotwatercontributestothebacteriagrowing．

D.Drinkingfromunwashedcoffeecupscausesdiseaseseasily．．

（9）WhatdoweknowfromStark’swords？

________

A.Thecoffeecupintheofficemustbeputinthemicrowavetoclean．

B.It’seasytogetinfectedifyouoftenusethesameunwashedcup．

C.Thecoffeecupshouldn’tbesharedintheoffice．

D.It’sgoodwaytogrowbacteriainanunwashedcup．．

（10）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“yourlazyways”referto？

________

A.Leavingyourcoffeecupunwashed．

B.Stickingthespongeinthemicrowave

C.UsingPapercupsonlyintheoffice

D.Cleaningyourcoffeecupwithsponge．．

（11）Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom？

________

A.Atravelbrochure．B.Asciencemagazine．

C.Anofficialstatement．D.Anentertainmentprogram

 D

    What ifyouarrivedhometofindadelicioushotmealwaitingforyou, preparedbyyourownkitchenrobot?

 Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction, butprofessorsattheUniversityofTokyohavetakenthefirststepstowardmakingthatareality．Theteamrecentlyintroducedahuman﹣shapedkitchenrobotthatcanpourteaandotherdrinksintocupsandservethemtoguests．Whenteatimeisover, therobotcanalsowashthedishesandputthemaway．

    In California, anotherinterestingkitchenrobothasbeendeveloped, calledReadybot．Itcanpickupobjectsandeitherstorethemincabinets（橱柜）orputtheminthetrash．Italsocarriesaseparatefloor﹣cleaningrobotthatcanoperatebyitself．UnliketheJapaneserobot, Readybotjustlooksmorelikealargeboxwitharmsandwheels．

    ReadybotwascreatedbyengineersanddesignerswhoestablishedaclubcalledtheReadybotChallenge．Theybelievethatinthefuturemillionsofrobotswillbeneededinhomestoperformordinaryhouseholdtasks．Readybotisjustthefirststepintheirplantocreatearobotthatcandojobsnotonlyinkitchensbutinotherroomsofhomesandinofficesaswell．

    Clearlytherearetechnologicaldifficultiestosolvebeforerobotscancookacompletedinner, andtherearealsomanysafetyconcerns（忧虑）．Noteveryone（especiallyparents）wouldbecomfortablewiththeideaofrobotsintheirhouse, ________hotpansandsharpknives．TheEuropeanCommissionrecentlyfunded（资助）aprojecttostudytheseconcerns．AccordingtoleadresearcherProfessorChrisMelhuish, “Enablingrobotstoworksafelywithhumansisakeyneedforthefuturedevelo