英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华.docx

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华.docx

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英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译

第一节翻译中的选义

一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文

1.b2.a3.b4.a

二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配

1．aswarmofbees

abroodofchickens

alitterofpups

2.abevyofbeautifulladies

apackofhounds

ateamofducks

aherdofantelopes

3.unfailingsupport

proactivefiscalpolicy

makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources

4.makeaphonecall

takeataxi

knitawoolensweater

fetchwater

playbasketball

sprayinsecticide

5.basicwage

capitalconstruction

essentialcommodity

primaryindustry

fundamentalinterest

三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解

1.Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern

2.Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.

3.Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.

4.Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.

5.Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.

6.Youshouldfollowthedoctor'sadvice.

7.Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.

8.Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.

9.Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.

10.Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow

第二节翻译中的选词

一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。

1.Thatdependsuponcircumstances.

2.Thisstateofaffairsmustbechanged.

3.Howdomattersstandwiththem?

4.Hepresentsallhisbookstothelibrary

5.Ateachershoulddevotehimselftothecauseofeducation.

6.Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.

7.Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.

8.Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrict3?

mand.

二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。

1．setsail

2.openquotation

3.thebeginningofspring

4.gointooperation

5．betakenin

6.makeprogress

7.distinguishedguests

8.beonduty

三、翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。

1.Itrainedcatsanddogs（hard/heavily）threedaysonend（insuccession/running）.

2.Helikestalkingbig（talkinglarge/talkinghorse/talkingtall）/helikessayingbigwords（largewords）.

3.Theyaregivingtheclassroomagood（general/spring/through）clean（ing）.

4.Apersonlikehimisbynomeans（innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely）rare.

5.Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.

6.Ifyoudoitlikethat,you'llbecompletely（gravely/seriously）mistaken（beabsolutelywrong/makeabigmistake/makeamajorblunder/commitaverygrosserror）.

第三节翻译中的多样性

一、翻译下列句子，注意画线词的多样性译法。

1."Itsoundsasifthetwoofyouarealwaysofonemind,”SecondSisterchuckled,"Howwould

itbeifweweretobetrothyoutohim?

"

2.Throughclenchedteethheadded,...

3."Sheboremenogrudge,"repliedXifeng."ItwasBaoyuwhomadehergrindherteethwith

ragejustbeforeshedied."

4.ButafterherinitialfrightXifengputonaboldface."Ifshe'sdead,"sheretorted,"What's

allthefussabout?

"

二、翻译下列句子，注意画线部分的成语。

1.Themoreyouget,themoreyouwant.

2.It’sonlynaturalformantohankerformore.

3.Goodnessknowswhatthey'rebeingsosecretiveabout.

4.She'sbeencreepinginherethelastcoupleofdaysinaverysneakyway.Goodnessknows

whatshe'supto.

5.Whotoldyoutomakesuchafussovernothing?

6.Anythingwilldo;don'tfuss.

7.Ourgrandmaisill;don'tkickupsuchashindy.（口语：

吵架。

争吵，打架）

8.Whenothersheardthistheycommented,“Wethoughtitwassomeonewhomatteredisn'tworthmakingsuchafussabout.”

第二章词法翻译的一般技巧

第一节对等译法

一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友”

1.afaithfulChristian2.alovingparent

3.anobedientchild4.avirtuouswife

5.adutifulhusband6.ahardworkingstudent

7.strongwind8.thickfog

9heavyrain

二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。

1.Onlywhentheyfindmuchncommonandhopetokeepintouchlateron,willtheyoffertheircards.（注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative）

2.Anotherexample.ThereadingofChineseclassicsisamustforallChinese.Nevertheless,itwasnotuntilIwasover30thatIcametorealizetheimportanceofself-studyinthematterofclassics.

3.Dearyoungfriends,myadvicetoyouis:

Dophysicalexercisesperseveringly.Thathasnothingtodowithmerry-makingortime-wasting.Goodhealthisthewherewithalforasuccessfullifeandcareer.

三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。

1.fishintroubledwaters

2.beafterone'sownheart

3.skinandbones

4.touchandgo

5.hitthenailonthehead

6.beheadandshouldersaboveothers

7.turnadeafearto

8.burnone'sboat

9.turnablindeyeto

10.lookforaneedleinabundleofhay

四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。

1.Practicemakesperfect.

2.Morehaste,lessspeed.

3.Eastorwest,homeisbest.

4.Allisfishthatcomestothenet.

5.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits

6.Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines

7.Lookbeforeyouleap.

8.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.

第二节增词译法

一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词

1.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.

2.Thisistheheadofourdelegation

3.Heputthepaperasideandturnedontheradio.

4.TheChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave.

5.Wemusthavefaithinthemasses.

6.ThecompasswasinventedinChina

7.Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.

二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。

1.Handinyourexercise-books,please.

2.Ican'texpressmyselfinEnglish.

3.Liberalismmanifestsitselfinvariousways.

4.Don'toverworkyourself.

5.Iwishtoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressourgratitudetoyou.

三、翻译下列句子，注意增补动词。

1.Theyareinhighspirits.

2.Theybeamedwithjoy.

3.Heisquickofeyeanddeftofhand.

4.Thisarticleiseasytoreadandunderstand

5.Istoodalooffromhim.

四、翻译下列句子，注意增补介词。

l.Thebookisverypopularamongyoungpeople.

2.Sheinquiredaboutyourillness.

3.Themountainisl,000feetabovethesealevel.

4.Shutthedoorafter/whenyougoout.

5.Dinnerwasatoneo'clock.

6.Werejoiceateveryvictoryyouwin.

五、翻译下列句子，注意增补连词。

1.Promotephysicalcultureandbuildupthepeople'shealth

2.Menandwomen,oldandyoung,alljoinedinthebattle.

3.Weworkedneitherforfamenorforpersonalgain.

4.Weshouldstrikewhiletheironishot.

5.IshallstayhereuntilI'vecompletedmystudies.

六、翻译下列句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。

1.YoumighthavethegeniusofLiBaiorDuFu,whowasagreatpoetintheTangDynastyandthemoralworthofYanHuiorZengShen—bothofthemweredisciplesofConfuciusnoonewouldaskyouradvice.

2.toshowoffone'sproficiencywiththeaxbeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter

3.Jigong,RobinHoodinChina,robbedtherichandhelpedthepoor.

4.letahundredflowersbloom,permittheairingofconflictingviews

5.blackchildren,whoareborninviolationofChina'sone-childpolicy

第三节减词译法

一、翻译下列句子注意省略原文的范畴词。

1.Reformandopening-upreversedthestagnationofnationaleconomy

2.Hisrudenessshockedme.

3.Hehasundertaken/takenupthetranslationofLuXun'sworks.

4.Theexportisnotpermittedtoexceeditslimit.

5.ThediscussioncoversSino-USrelations.

6.Inthesummerof1969,theAdministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.

7.Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim.

8.Nowbirthcontrolbecameapossibility.

9.Chinaiscarryingoutnationwidepollutioncontrolandenvironmentalprotection.

10.Duringthetalk,theirdiscussioncenteredaroundtheprotectionofintellectualpropertiesrights.

11.promotepeacefulreunification

12.Ourimport-exportinthefirsthalfofthisyearhasgoneverywell.

二、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文的重复成分。

1.ThetwosidesheldthatSino-USrelationsshouldbeviewedinaglobalcontextandfroma

perspectiveofthefutureandthe21stcenturyinparticular.

2.Whenproblemsemerge,theycanbeeasilyputright.

3.distance/length/size/height

4.Increasetheawarenessaboutself-reliance,competition,efficiency,anddemocracyandthe

ruleoflaw,aswellasthepioneeringandinnovationspirit.

5.Silence!

Silence!

Unlessweburstout,weshallperishinthissilence.

6.Productiveforcesarethemostdynamicandthemostrevolutionaryfactorsaswellasthe

ultimatedecisiveforceofsocialdevelopment.

7.OurpartymustalwaysrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina'sadvancedproductive

forces;theorientationofChina'sadvancedculture,andthefundamentalinterestsofthe

overwhelmingmajorityofpeopleinChina.

三、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。

1.Iwenttheretohavealook.AllIremembernowisthattheguardsattheentrancewereSwiss

soldiersinyellowuniforms.

2.Weneedtoimportadvancedindustrialequipment.

3.Pastexperiencesteachus….

4.Thatisafacade.

5.Wemustadheretotheprincipleofplainlivingandhardstruggle.

6.Wemustcarryforwardandpromotethespiritofpracticality,truth-seekingandcouragein

innovation.

7.Thisshatteredhisillusion.

8.WedemandthatUSgovernmentapologizetoChinaforthisincident.

9.EncouragebothChineseandoverseasinvestmentsinthecentralandwesternregions.

第四节合并译法

一、运用合并译法，翻译下列四字成语或词组。

1.finewords

2.glibtongue

3.exhausted

4.stumbling

5.moveforces

6.burnone'sboat

二.合并译法,翻译下列句子。

1.Wemusthavethisambition.

2.Igotintomyoldragsandmysugar-hogsheadagain,andwasfreeandsatisfied.

3.Eachofthefiveperformancesenjoyedafullhouse,withmanyspectatorshavingtostand.

4.Heisdeterminedtoturnoveranewleaf.

5.Heworkedhardathisstudieseveninearlychildhood.

6.TheChineseonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitsareofthesamefleshandblood.

7.Allthestaffuniteinabsolutesincerity.

8.Beforeyoucame,Ididnothingbutidleanddriftintoanythingthatoffereditself.

9.Hesoughtthedistractionofdistance.

第五节转性译法

一、翻译下列句子，注意汉语形容词和剐词的转译。

1.Thereisnodifferenceintheirviews.

2.Wefounddifficultyinsolvingthiscomplicatedproblem.

3.Thedelegatesunanimouslyexpressedtheirdeterminationtoopposethenuclearweapons

4.Hisnewbookisagreatsuccess.

5.Helookedatmeinamazement.

6.Thesunshinesovertheearth.

7.Thene