AttributiveRelative Clause.docx
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AttributiveRelativeClause
TeachingPlanforEnglishGrammar
Week9-10
教研室：
英语语言文学教研室教师姓名：
吕静薇,孟辉
课程名称
EnglishGrammar
授课专业和班级
EnglishMajor09-1
09-2
授课内容
Chapter7AttributiveClause
授课学时
4
教学目的
Trainthestudentstorecognizetheattributiveclause
Trainthestudentstousetheattributiveclauseinspeakingandwriting
教学重点
Trainthestudentstorecognizetheattributiveclause
Trainthestudentstousetheattributiveclauseinspeakingandwriting
教学难点
Theuseofattributiveclause
Distinguishattributiveclausefromotherkindsofclauses
教学方法
Interactiveteaching,groupdiscussion
教学过程
教学步骤
辅助手段及时间分配
1.lecturingon“AttributiveClause”I
2.Exercises
3.lecturingon“AttributiveClause”II
4.Exercises
PPT,60min
Handouts,30min
PPT,60min
Handouts,30min
作业
1.reviewing
2.moreexercisesonrecognizingandusingattributiveclause
教学内容：
Lecture:
120min.
AttributiveClause/RelativeClause
•Generalintroduction
•Relativepronouns
•Relativeadverbs
•Restrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclauses（seetextbook570-574）
•Choosingaproperrelativeword
•Otherproblems（介词+关系代词；双重及嵌入式关系分句textbook580-586）
GeneralIntroduction
•antecedent+relativepronoun/adverb+clause
•Relativepronouns:
which;that;who;whose;whom;as;what;than;but
•Relativeadverbs:
when;where;why
Someexamples:
•Somefriends（that）Imadeincollegeweremoreinterestedingradesthaninlearning.
•Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.
•CanyoushowmethehousewhereShakespeareoncelived?
•ThereasonwhyIwasaloneinthemountainsisthatIhaddifficultywithmyguide.
Relativepronouns---who,whom,whose
•Whom在从句中可充当宾语和表语；
•Who在从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语；
•Who与whom均可引导非限制性定语从句。
•在“介词+关系词”结构中，只能用whom。
若介词不提前，最好用who。
•Whose表示所属关系，与名词连用，可指人或物。
Examples：
•Thegirlwhowesupposedwasdrownedcameback.
•Thegirlwho/whomwesupposeddrownedcameback.
•Youshouldstayfaithfultothepersontowhomyouaremarried.
•Youshouldstayfaithfultothepersonwhoyouaremarriedto.
•Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.
•Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.
•ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.
Relativepronouns---which
•Which通常用来指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；
•Which可引导非限制性定语从句；
•Which可作为关系限定词（相当于关系形容词）用在非限制性定语从句中；
•区分which与who；
•区分which与whose。
Examples：
•Heshowedmeaphotowhichupsetme.
•Hetoreupmyphoto,whichupsetme.
•Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.
•Theybribedtheofficials,whichpracticewasverycommonthere.
区分which与who
1.Annaisvegetarian,___nooneelseisinourfamily.
2.Thevegetarian,___ismyclosefriend,nevereatsmeat.
3.Annaisavegetarian,___Idon’twanttobe.
4.Hisbrotherhadbecomeateacher,___hewantedtobe.
5.HeisanEnglishman,___Iknowfromhisaccent.
6.Helikesclimbingmountains,___isagoodexercise.
区分which与whose
•Thedoctortoldmetotakeafewdays’rest,____（which/whose）adviceIdidnotfollow.
•Thedoctor,____（which/whose）adviceIdidnotfollow,toldmetotakeafewdays’rest.
指一类人或前面整个句子时，用which。
Relativepronouns---that
•That既可指人也可指物；
•that只可引导限制性定语从句；
•区分which与that；
•区分who与that。
区分that与which---以下情况用which
•非限制定语从句用which；
•关系代词做介词宾语且介词前置时用which；
•先行词为that或由that修饰时用which；
•关系代词后带有插入语时用which；
•关系词which可用作关系形容词。
区分that与which---以下情况用that
•先行词为all,little,few,much,none,thefirst等；
•先行词为不定代词something,anything,nothing等；
•先行词被any,only,all,every,no,some,theonly,theone,thevery,theright,thelast,序数词，最高级修饰时；
•先行词中既有人也有物时
•主句为therebe结构时
•定语从句中谓语动词是be时最好用that
•主句为以which开头的特殊问句，或先行词为what时
区分that与which----exercises
1）What’sthat___herefusedtoaccept?
2）All___glittersisnotgold.
3）Theveryproblem___Iwanttosolveislikethis.
4）Propertywasthefirstthing___,onthedeathofthefather,interestedthesons.
5）Thewriterandhisnovels___thearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.
6）Hemaybelate,in___caseweoughttowaithim.
7）Beijingisnotthecity____itwas.
8）Thereisaseatinthecorner___isstillfree.
9）Theworldin___weliveismadeupofmatter.
10）Thereisamandownstairs___wantstodothegame.
11）Thereissomebody___wantstoseeyou.
12）What___isonthetablebelongstome.
13）Whichisthetrain___isleavingforBeijing?
区分that与who：
与that/which的区别基本相似，但当先行词是somebody,someone等不定代词时，常用who而不用that。
Ineedsomeonewhocandotheworkquickly.
Relativepronouns---as
•as即可指人也可指物；
•as可引导限制性及非限制性定语从句；
•as引导限制性定语从句，只用在一些固定结构中，即用在such,thesame,as,so之后；
•区分as与that；
•区分as与which。
Examples：
•Suchastudentasworkshardwillbesuretosucceed.
•Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.
•Heisnotthesameashewas.
•Hetriedtomakeasfewmistakesashecouldavoid.
•Asisknowntousall,weseethelighteningbeforethethunder.
•Heisunusuallytall,asarehisbrothers.
注意冠词位置：
•Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.
•Hereissuchabigstoneasnomancanlift.
•Hereisastoneso/asbigasnomancanlift.
区分as与that
ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.
ThisisthesamebookasIlost.
Thiswasthesamelittlerailwaystation__hedescribedinhisnovel.
Relativepronouns---as
区分as与which
•先行词中有such,so,as,thesame时，用as；
•都可引导非限制性定语从句，顺应主句意思时可用as，否则常用which；
•as非限制性定语从句可位于句首；
•倒装时用as；
区分as与which---examples：
•Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
•Hewaslateforschool,which/asisoftenthecase.
•Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.
•Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.
•Aswasexpected,shehasmarriedagain.
•Davidworkshard,asdomybrothers.
As引导的定语从句与方式状语从句
•Thetelephone___wastheinventionofAlexanderBell.
•Thetelephone,___,wastheinventionofAlexanderBell.
A）asweallknowB）asweallknowit
C）asdoweknowD）asisknownbyus
Relativepronouns---what
•what可指人指物；
•what是先行词和关系代词的结合体，可被称为缩合关系词，相当于thethingsthat,allthat，所以what前不可能再出现先行词；
•what可作关系限定词“what+名词”，意为“所有的，尽可能多的”；
•What用在whatlittle/few结构中，相当于thelittle/fewthat…。
Examples：
•Sheisnotwhatsheusedtobe.
•Showmewhatyouhavewritten.
•WhatmoneyIhavehasbeengiventoyou.
•Lendmewhatreferencebooksyouhaveonthesubject.
•WhatlittleheknowsaboutthenewteacheristhatheisfromCanada.
•Shemanagedtosavewhatlittlemoneyshecouldoutofherwagestohelpherbrother.
Exercises：
✹（whereisthemistake?
）Beethoven,thegreatmusician,wroteninesymphoniesinhislife,mostofwhatwerewrittenafterhehadlosthishearing.
✹Mostof____foodelephanteatisbroughttotheirmouthsbytheirtrunks.what/which/that/as
✹Mostofthefoodwhatelephanteatisbroughttotheirmouthsbytheirtrunks.
✹Mostof___archaeologistsknowaboutprehistoricculturesisbasedonstudiesofmaterialremains.these/what/which/their
Relativepronouns---than
•than在定语从句中一般作主语；
•than前面的主句中需有比较级形式；
•than可理解为than+先行词+关系代词；
•区分than引导的比较状语从句和定语从句。
Don’tgivehimmoremoneythanisneeded,sincemoneywillburnaholeinhispocket.
=1.Don’tgivehimmoremoneythanmoneythatisneeded.
=2.Don’tgivehimmoremoneythanwhatisneeded.
区分than引导的比较状语从句和定语从句
Heworksharderthanisrequiredofhim.
Heworksharderthanmostofthestudentsinhisclass（do）.
Heworksharderthandomostofthestudents.
Shecaresmoreaboutherappearancethan（shecaresabout）herpersonality
Relativepronouns---but
•but可指人或物，做主语或宾语，相当于that…not,who…not,whom…not;
•常与具有否定意义的主句连用；
•but定语从句在形式上是肯定的，在意义上是否定的。
Examples：
Thereisnomanbuterrs.
Therearenorulesbuthaveexceptions.
Thereareveryfewpeopleinthisclubbutheknows.
Relativeadverbs
•when/where/why的基本用法；
•多数情况下以上关系副词可转化为“介词+which”结构；
•注意区分以上词引导的定语从句和状语从句；
•以上关系副词也可作为缩合关系词用，如where可等于theplacewhere;
•that也可作为关系副词；
Examples：
•Therearetimeswhensilencehastheloudestvoice.
•Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.
•ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.
•ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tcomehere.
是定语从句？
•Pleasetellmewhenhewillbeback.
•Pleasetellmewhenhecomesback.
•Wouldyoupleaseputthebookwhereitbelongs?
•Wouldyoupleaseputthebookattheplacewhereitbelongs?
关系副词---缩合关系词
•Thetowniswherethepoetspenthisearlydays.
•I’llneverforgetwhenwefirstmet.
that作关系副词
•Iwenttoseehiminthehotelthedaythathearrived.
•Icanseenoreasonthathedidn’tcome.
Choosingaproperrelativeword
•“瞻前顾后”
1）ThereisaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanAmericanwriter___Ireadrecently.
2）Theworldisabook,andthosereadonlyapage___donottravel.
3）Heneedsalongspoon___supswiththedevil.
4）Iwillneverforgetthetime___wefirstmetinthepark.
5）Iwillneverforgetthetime___Ispentwithyouoncampus.
6）Thereason___hegaveforhisbeinglatewasunacceptable.
7）Thisis（thereason）___Ididn’tcomehere.
8）Thisisthetown___Ispentmychildhood.
9）Haveyoueverbeeninasituation____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?
10）Thekneeisthejoint___thethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.
11）Hehasreachedapoint___achangeisneeded.
12）Theshop___Itoldyouaboutbeforehascloseddown.
Otherproblems
定语从句中的主谓一致：
Heisoneofthestudentswho___（have/has）graduatedwithhonors.
Heisoneoftheonlystudentswho___（have/has）graduated…
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___（have/has）graduated…（theone;thevery;theright）
HOMEWORK:
定语从句练习：
1.Asforthewinter,itisinconvenienttobecold,withmostof_
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