AttributiveRelative Clause.docx

1、AttributiveRelative ClauseTeaching Plan for English Grammar Week 9-10 教研室：英语语言文学教研室 教师姓名：吕静薇, 孟辉课程名称 English Grammar授课专业和班级English Major 09-1 09-2授课内容Chapter 7 Attributive Clause 授课学时4教学目的Train the students to recognize the attributive clause Train the students to use the attributive clause in speak

2、ing and writing 教学重点Train the students to recognize the attributive clause Train the students to use the attributive clause in speaking and writing教学难点The use of attributive clauseDistinguish attributive clause from other kinds of clauses 教学方法Interactive teaching, group discussion教学过程教学步骤辅助手段及时间分配1.

3、 lecturing on “Attributive Clause” I 2. Exercises 3. lecturing on “Attributive Clause” II4. Exercises PPT, 60 minHandouts, 30 minPPT, 60 minHandouts, 30 min作业1. reviewing 2. more exercises on recognizing and using attributive clause教学内容：Lecture: 120min. Attributive Clause / Relative Clause General i

4、ntroduction Relative pronouns Relative adverbs Restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses (see textbook 570-574) Choosing a proper relative word Other problems (介词+关系代词；双重及嵌入式关系分句 textbook 580-586）General Introduction antecedent + relative pronoun/adverb + clause Relative pronouns: which; that

5、; who; whose; whom; as; what; than; but Relative adverbs: when; where; why Some examples: Some friends (that) I made in college were more interested in grades than in learning. The man who did the robbery has been caught. Can you show me the house where Shakespeare once lived? The reason why I was a

6、lone in the mountains is that I had difficulty with my guide. Relative pronouns-who, whom , whose Whom 在从句中可充当宾语和表语； Who 在从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语； Who 与whom 均可引导非限制性定语从句。 在“ 介词+ 关系词” 结构中，只能用whom 。若介词不提前，最好用who 。 Whose 表示所属关系，与名词连用，可指人或物。 Examples： The girl who we supposed was drowned came back. The girl who/

7、 whom we supposed drowned came back. You should stay faithful to the person to whom you are married. You should stay faithful to the person who you are married to. His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away. It was a meeting whose importance I didnt

8、 realize at the time. Relative pronouns -which Which通常用来指物，在从句中作主语或宾语； Which可引导非限制性定语从句； Which可作为关系限定词（相当于关系形容词）用在非限制性定语从句中； 区分which与who； 区分which与whose。Examples： He showed me a photo which upset me. He tore up my photo, which upset me. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. They bri

9、bed the officials, which practice was very common there. 区分which与who1. Anna is vegetarian, _ no one else is in our family.2. The vegetarian, _ is my close friend, never eats meat.3. Anna is a vegetarian, _ I dont want to be.4. His brother had become a teacher, _ he wanted to be.5. He is an Englishma

10、n, _ I know from his accent.6. He likes climbing mountains, _ is a good exercise.区分which与whose The doctor told me to take a few days rest, _ (which/ whose) advice I did not follow. The doctor, _(which/ whose) advice I did not follow, told me to take a few days rest.指一类人或前面整个句子时，用which。 Relative pron

11、ouns -that That既可指人也可指物； that只可引导限制性定语从句； 区分which与that； 区分who与that。区分that与which-以下情况用which 非限制定语从句用which； 关系代词做介词宾语且介词前置时用which； 先行词为that或由that修饰时用which； 关系代词后带有插入语时用which； 关系词which 可用作关系形容词。区分that与which-以下情况用that 先行词为all, little, few, much, none, the first等； 先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing等； 先

12、行词被any, only, all, every, no, some, the only, the one, the very, the right, the last , 序数词，最高级修饰时； 先行词中既有人也有物时 主句为there be 结构时 定语从句中谓语动词是be时最好用that 主句为以which开头的特殊问句，或先行词为what 时区分that与which- exercises1) Whats that _ he refused to accept?2) All _ glitters is not gold.3) The very problem _ I want to so

13、lve is like this.4) Property was the first thing _, on the death of the father, interested the sons.5) The writer and his novels _ the article deals with are quite familiar to us.6) He may be late, in _case we ought to wait him.7) Beijing is not the city _ it was.8) There is a seat in the corner _ i

14、s still free.9) The world in _ we live is made up of matter.10) There is a man downstairs _ wants to do the game.11) There is somebody _ wants to see you.12) What _ is on the table belongs to me.13) Which is the train _ is leaving for Beijing?区分that与who：与that/which的区别基本相似，但当先行词是somebody, someone等不定代

15、词时，常用who而不用that。I need someone who can do the work quickly.Relative pronouns - as as即可指人也可指物； as可引导限制性及非限制性定语从句； as引导限制性定语从句，只用在一些固定结构中，即用在such, the same, as, so之后； 区分as与that； 区分as与which。Examples： Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. He is

16、not the same as he was. He tried to make as few mistakes as he could avoid. As is known to us all, we see the lightening before the thunder. He is unusually tall, as are his brothers.注意冠词位置： Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. Here is such a big stone as no man can lift. Here is a stone so/ a

17、s big as no man can lift.区分as与thatThis is the same book that I lost.This is the same book as I lost.This was the same little railway station _ he described in his novel.Relative pronouns - as区分as与which 先行词中有such, so, as, the same时，用as； 都可引导非限制性定语从句，顺应主句意思时可用as，否则常用which； as非限制性定语从句可位于句首； 倒装时用as；区分as

18、与which - examples： He married her, as / which was natural. He was late for school, which / as is often the case. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected. As was expected, she has married again. David works hard, as do my brothers. As引导的定语从句与方式状语从句 The tele

19、phone _ was the invention of Alexander Bell. The telephone, _, was the invention of Alexander Bell.A) as we all know B) as we all know itC) as do we know D) as is known by us Relative pronouns - what what可指人指物； what是先行词和关系代词的结合体，可被称为缩合关系词，相当于the things that, all that，所以what前不可能再出现先行词； what可作关系限定词“wh

20、at+名词”，意为“所有的，尽可能多的”； What用在what little/ few结构中，相当于the little/few that。Examples： She is not what she used to be. Show me what you have written. What money I have has been given to you. Lend me what reference books you have on the subject. What little he knows about the new teacher is that he is from

21、 Canada. She managed to save what little money she could out of her wages to help her brother.Exercises： （where is the mistake?) Beethoven , the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, most of what were written after he had lost his hearing. Most of _ food elephant eat is brought to their

22、 mouths by their trunks. what / which / that /as Most of the food what elephant eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. Most of _ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains. these / what / which/ theirRelative pronouns - than than 在定语从句中一般作主语； than

23、 前面的主句中需有比较级形式； than 可理解为than + 先行词 + 关系代词； 区分than 引导的比较状语从句和定语从句。 Dont give him more money than is needed, since money will burn a hole in his pocket. =1. Dont give him more money than money that is needed. =2. Dont give him more money than what is needed.区分than 引导的比较状语从句和定语从句 He works harder than

24、is required of him.He works harder than most of the students in his class (do).He works harder than do most of the students.She cares more about her appearance than (she cares about) her personality Relative pronouns - but but可指人或物，做主语或宾语，相当于thatnot, whonot, whomnot; 常与具有否定意义的主句连用； but定语从句在形式上是肯定的，在

25、意义上是否定的。Examples：There is no man but errs. There are no rules but have exceptions. There are very few people in this club but he knows. Relative adverbs when/ where/ why的基本用法； 多数情况下以上关系副词可转化为“介词+which”结构； 注意区分以上词引导的定语从句和状语从句； 以上关系副词也可作为缩合关系词用，如where可等于the place where; that也可作为关系副词；Examples ： There a

26、re times when silence has the loudest voice. We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy. This is the town where I spent my childhood. This is the reason why I didnt come here.是定语从句？ Please tell me when he will be back. Please tell me when he comes back. Would you please put

27、the book where it belongs? Would you please put the book at the place where it belongs?关系副词-缩合关系词 The town is where the poet spent his early days. Ill never forget when we first met.that作关系副词 I went to see him in the hotel the day that he arrived. I can see no reason that he didnt come.Choosing a pr

28、oper relative word “瞻前顾后”1) There is a very interesting remark in a book by an American writer _ I read recently.2) The world is a book, and those read only a page _ do not travel.3) He needs a long spoon _ sups with the devil.4) I will never forget the time _ we first met in the park.5) I will neve

29、r forget the time _ I spent with you on campus.6) The reason _ he gave for his being late was unacceptable. 7) This is (the reason) _ I didnt come here.8) This is the town _ I spent my childhood.9) Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?1

30、0) The knee is the joint _ the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.11) He has reached a point _ a change is needed.12) The shop _ I told you about before has closed down. Other problems定语从句中的主谓一致：He is one of the students who _ (have/ has) graduated with honors.He is one of the only students who _(have/ has) graduatedHe is the only one of the students who _(have/ has) graduated (the one; the very; the right)HOMEWORK: 定语从句练习：1. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of _