高考英语阅读理解主旨大意.docx

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意.docx

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高考英语阅读理解主旨大意

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意

高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：

阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：

（1）理解主旨要义；

（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

需要特别说明的是，考试说明中强调：

“阅读部分要求学生读懂选自英语原版书籍、报纸和杂志（含网络版）的关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

文体包括记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。

”网络版英语文章也有可能成为阅读理解命题的材料。

1.

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

...

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡）,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）.LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

Whatistheminideaofthetext？

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

2.Goinggreenseemstobefad（时尚）foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodorbad,wecan’treallysay,butforthetowofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle.

OnApril22,2011,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasythings.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask.

Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．GoingGreen.B．ProtectingthePlanet.

C．KeepingOpen-MindedD．CelebratingOurGreenYear.

3.Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors’offices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.

Thepassageismeantto______.

A．justifypayingforfasterservices

B．discussthemoralsofallocatingthings

C．analyzethereasonforstandinginline

D．criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping

4.

Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？

A.ExploringtheFutureofjazz.

B.TheRiseandFallofjazz.

C.TheStoryofajazzMusician.

D.CelebratingtheJazzDay.

5.Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjusttheopposite.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.Itisbecausetheydonotrealizethis,orbecausetheyarenotwillingtodothework,thatmostpeopledonotlistenwell.

Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing’.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderwayandtheenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.

...

WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?

A．Howtolistenwell.B．Whattolistento.

C．Benefitsoflistening.D．Problemsinlistening

6.Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger,butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving（铺砌）aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.

...

Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference,tooIntheUnitedStates,afamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!

Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive,butthere’salotwecandotolowerthenumber.

Thetextismainlyabout__________.

A．WhypavingroadsreducesourwaterB．howmuchwedependonwatertolive

C．whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD．howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply

7....

Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightingstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled

（安装）at2metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.

...

Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?

A.Itsmovingspeed　B.Itsappearance　

C.Itsinstallation　D.Itssafety

8

Witharound100studentsscheduledtobeinthat9amMondaymorninglecture,itisnosurprisethatalmost20peopleactuallymakeittotheclassandonly10ofthemarcstillawakeafterthefirstISminutes;itisnotevenasurprisethatmostofthemarestillintheirpyjamas（睡衣）.Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.

Allhumanbeingspossessabodyclock.Alongwithotheralerting（警报）systems,thisgovernsthesleep/wakecycleandisthereforeoneofthemainprocesseswhichgovernsleepbehaviour.Typically,thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayedinadolescents,whichleadstomanystudentsnotfeelingsleepyuntilmuchlaterintheevenings.Thistypicalsleeppatternisusuallyreferredtoasthe"nightowl"scheduleofsleep.

Thisisopposedtothe"earlybird"schedule,andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.Suchapersonhasgreatdifficultyinwakingupinthemornings.Researchsuggeststhatnightowlsfeelmostalertandfunctionbestintheeveningsandatnight.

Researchfindingshaveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedas"nightowls"andonly10percentcanbeclassifiedas"earlybirds"-theother70percentareinthemiddle.Althoughthisisclearlynottrueforallstudents,fortheoneswhoaretruenightowlsthisgivesthemanexcellentexcuseformissingtheirlectureswhichunfortunatelyfallbeforemidday.

Whatdocsthetextmainlytalkabout？

A．Functionsofthebodyclock.B．The"nightowl"phenomenon.

C．Humanbeings'sleepbehaviour.D．Theschoolscheduleof"earlybirds".

9

Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustain（保持）ahealthylifestyle.Groupexerciseischallenging,yetfunandempowering!

Ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,it'snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.It'sanopportunitytobesocial,releaseendorphins（内啡肽）,andimproveyourstrength.Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.Theinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone.

...

Thefirstparagraphfocuseson____.

A.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexercise

B.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitness

C.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealth

D.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups

10.

AcrossBritain，burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers．But，accordingtoanewstudy，weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear．

...

ThestudyshowsmothersmatterallyearlongandnotjustonMother’sDay．Theemotional，physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever-ending，butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness．Investing（投入）intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent．

Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?

A．Mothers’importanceshowsinfamilyallyearlong．

B．Thesacrificesmothersmakearehugebutworthwhile．

C．Mothers’devotiontochildrencanhardlybecalculated．

D．Investingtimeinparentingwouldbringafinancialreturn．

11.

Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditi