建筑工程招投标毕业设计中英文翻译.docx

建筑工程招投标毕业设计中英文翻译.docx

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建筑工程招投标毕业设计中英文翻译

Constructionbidding

Constructionbiddingreferstoconstructionproductsasacommodityexchangetransactionforms,whichsettargetsbythepurchaseronly,therecruitmentofasecretofferbyanumberofvendorstocompete,thebuyerchoosethewinnersandwiththetradeagreementreached,theninaccordancewithprotocolsystem,alsoknownasprojecttendercontractsystem,itreferstothemarketeconomyconditions,themethodusedtoachievetheprojectbiddingaprojectmanagementsystembiddingsystemistheestablishmentandimplementationoftheplannedeconomyundertheconditionsoftheuseofsimpleadministrativemeasuresassignedthetaskofbuildingamajorreformmeasureistoprotectmarketcompetition,againstthemonopolizationofthemarketanddevelopingthemarketeconomyisanimportantsign.

Tenderreferstoallbiddersbasedontheirabilityandmanagementlevel,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheuniformrequirementsoftenderdocumentstosubmittenderdocuments,worktowardsimplementationoftheordertoregulatethebiddingoftheconstructionmarketactivitiestoachievethemostoptimalallocationofsocialresources,August30,1999elevenoftheNinthNationalPeople'sCongressadoptedthe"PRCTenderingandBiddingLaw",markingthestepsoftheconstructionprojectbiddingintothelegaltrack.

Thispaperfocusesonthebiddingprocessforanalysisstrategyshouldbetaken.Biddingstrategyreferstothesuccessfulconstructioncontractorinordertoachievethepurposeinthebiddingprocessusedbythemeansandmethods,constructionprojectbiddingisanimportantpartinusingtheappropriatebiddingstrategiesandtechniques,increasethesuccessfulratebid,butalsoexpectationsoflargerprofits.

First,biddecisionanalysis

Companiesmayalsofacemultipleprojectstenderingopportunities,byconstructioncapacityconstraints,cannotpracticeallthetenderingopportunities,butshouldbeselectedinanumberofprojects;onaspecificproject,fromtheperspectiveofeffective,profitablesuperscript,subscriptandthelossofpreservationstandards,businessesarerequiredfeaturesoftheprojecttenderandbusinessrealitiesofdecision-making,inordertoachievethestatedbusinessobjectives,suchas:

accesstoprofitability,capturethemarket,establishanewcorporateimageandsoon.

First,usuallythefollowingaspectsshouldbeconsideredinthecase:

（1）contracttenderingpossibilityandfeasibilityoftheproject.Theabilitytocontracttheproject,andwhetherthedeploymentofamanagementstrength,technicalstrengthtoparticipateinprojectimplementation,competitorshaveobviousadvantages.

（2）thereliabilityoftenders.Forexample,urbanplanningprojectsandlandusepermitsandotherpermitapprovalhavebeencompleted,whetherthefundshavealreadybeenimplementedandsoon.（3）thetenderofthecontractconditions.（4）internalfactorsaffectthechancesofwinningcontracts,includingenterprisesinthetechnical,economic,managementandcreditstrengths;externalfactorsincludingtheownersandsupervisionoftheEngineer,competitorstrengthandcompetitivesituation,thelawandregulationsthesituation,projectriskandsoon.

Secondly,iffacedwiththefollowingconditionsshouldgiveupthetender:

（1）projectsize,technicalrequirementsexceedthelevelofenterprisetechnologyprojects;

（2）thescopeandviabilityoftheirbusinessoutsideoftheproject;（3）Comparisonoftheenterpriseiscurrentlycontractedtasksfull,andthegreaterriskoftenderingtheproject;（4）thetechnologicallevel,management,constructionprojectswassignificantlybetterthancompetitors.

Second,thebiddingstrategyof

Ifyoudecidetoparticipateinthebiddingcompaniesshouldtaketheappropriatestrategies,andstrivetowinthebid.

1.Accesstoinformation,tograspthesituationofinformationstrategyistodevelopscientificandrationalbasis,companiesmustfocusonthetenderinformationcollection,collationandprocessingworkonacomprehensiveanalysisoftenderinformation,graspitscomprehensiveness,timelinessandaccuracy.Forexample:

characteristicsoftheproject,materialsprices,laborcostslevel,thecredibilityoftheowners,theinvestmentlevelofassurance,supervisingengineer,thelikelysituationincompetitors,competitivesituationandriskissues.

2.ToChangzhishort,inferiortothewinningcontractorofconstructionprojectsshouldbeanobjectiveanalysisofitsadvantages:

first,thetechnicalaspects:

（1）Theestimatesshouldbeproficientintheindustry,architects,engineers,accountants,engineersandmanagementexperts,theorganizationinstitutions;

（2）projectdesign,constructionexpertise,tosolvethetechnicaldifficulties,andvarioustechnicalproblemsofconstructioncapacity.（3）similarprojectswiththetenderofconstructionexperience.（4）certaintechnicalstrengthofthe,theeconomicreality:

（1）hastheabilitytoadvancefunds;

（2）haveacertainfixedassetsandmachineryandequipmentandputtinginthenecessaryfunds;（3）haveacertaincashflowofmoneytopayforconstruction;（4）theabilitytopayvarioussecurity;（5）havetopayvarioustaxesandinsurancecapacity;（6）haveacertainabilitytobeartherisksofforcethesametimemanagement,shouldfocusoncostcontrol.Shortentheconstructionperiod,thequotamanagement,combinedwithrewardandpunishmentapproach;reducemanagement,multi-skilltrainingofworkers;savingmaterials;theuseofadvancedconstructionmethods.Haveaquality,heavysenseofefficiency,theremustbepracticalmeasures.Finally,thecredibility,theenterprisesshouldcomplywithlawsandregulations,carefulattentiontoensuretheconstructionsafety,duration,andquality.Establishagoodreputation,whichisanimportantcriterionforsuccessfulbidding.AcleargraspoftheirownadvantagesinthepremisecantoChangzhishort.

3.Resourceful,taketheinitiativeintheconstructionmarketisabuyer'smarket,competitionisintense.Biddersshouldbebasedoninternalandexternalconditions,foravarietyofprogramsandmeasures,onbalance,vision,seizetheinitiative.

Third,thetenderofferTechnicalAnalysis

1.Unbalanceunbalancedquotesoffermethod,isdefinedinthebasicpremiseofpriceadjustmentofeachchildwithintheofferinordertonotaffectthetotalprice,againassoonaspossibleafterwinningbiddermaywithdrawfundsinadvanceintheworksandaccesstobettereconomicefficiency.Imbalanceusuallyofferthefollowingsituations:

（1）tobeabletorecovertheclosingparagraphoftheearlyprojects（suchasearthwork,foundation,etc.）mayapplyforahigherpriceunitpricetotakeadvantageofcashflow;oflateprojects（suchasdecorating,electricalinstallation,etc.）maybeappropriatetoreducetheunitprice.

（2）mayincreasetheamountofestimatedfutureworksprojects,thepricecanincrease,whilethenumberofquantitieswitherrorsearlyprojects,theunitcanbereduced.However,theabovetwopointstooverallconsideration.Thenumberoferrorsforthequantitiesofearlyworks,suchasascaleimpossibletocompletethenumberofprojects,youcannotblindlyraisetheprice,andthendeterminetheneedforspecificanalysis.（3）drawingthecontentisnotclear,itisestimatedtoincreasetheamountoftherevisedproject,anditspricecanbeincreased.（4）Nounitquantitiesreportedtheprojectonly,thepriceshouldbehigh.Thiswillnotaffectthetotalbidprice,butalsomoreprofitable.（5）Forthepreliminarylistofitems,thepossibilityofitsimplementationoflargeprojects,thepricecanbehigh;estimatedthattheprojectcanbeimplementedisnotnecessarilycheap.

2.Improvethesporadicemploymentofferifthecontractbidpriceruledoesnotincludethesporadicemployment,whichdidnotlistthenumberofspecificemployment,sporadicemployment（daylaborers）aregenerallyslightlyhigherthanthewagesofconstructionunitpricetableduetosporadicemploymentcontractdoesnotbelongtothescopeofavalidcontractprice,thetimeofreimbursement,butalsomoreprofitable.

3.Moreandmoreprogramsofferlawprogramsoffermethodistheuseofengineeringdesigndocuments,drawingsorambiguityintermsofthecontractisnotenoughtofighttomodifytheprojectspecificationsandcontractlawforthepurposeofaquotation.Thetenderoffermethodtoreduceriskandavoidunforeseencostsduetoincreaseintheofferistoohightobeeliminated.Thespecificpracticeistoreportthetwopricesinthetenderprice,firstreportedtheoriginalengineeringspecificationsofacontractprice,thesecondistocomment,"suchasengineeringdesigndocuments,drawingsorcontracttodosomechanges",youcanreducethenumberofthecostoftheofferbecomethelowest,inordertoattracttheownerstomodifyspecificationsandcontractterms.

4.Suddenpricemethodisthesuddenpricemethodusedbycompetitorstoconfuseacompetitivemethod.Usually,inpreparingbiddingprocessanticipatedagoodpricedown,andthendeliberatelyspreadingfalseinformation,suchasintentiontoabandonstandard,accordingtogenerallyofferorintendtoreporthighandsoclosetothetenderclosingdate,suddenlywenttotender,andreducetheoffertoovercompetitors.

5.Someofthefirstlossafterwinningmethodofconstructionenterprisesinordertoenteranareaoraparticulararea,relyingonitsownstrength,totakeatallcosts,butonlytoofferthewinninglowbidprogram.Oncesuccessful,youcancontractinthisareaorthatareamoreengineeringtasks,toachievetheoverallpurposeofprofit.Constructionworkscontractorsbiddingtenders,inadditiontoworkonthetenderoffer,it