建筑工程招投标毕业设计中英文翻译.docx

1、建筑工程招投标毕业设计中英文翻译 Construction bidding Construction bidding refers to construction products as a commodity exchange transaction forms, which set targets by the purchaser only, the recruitment of a secret offer by a number of vendors to compete, the buyer choose the winners and with the trade agreemen

2、t reached , then in accordance with protocol system, also known as project tender contract system, it refers to the market economy conditions, the method used to achieve the project bidding a project management system bidding system is the establishment and implementation of the planned economy unde

3、r the conditions of the use of simple administrative measures assigned the task of building a major reform measure is to protect market competition, against the monopolization of the market and developing the market economy is an important sign.Tender refers to all bidders based on their ability and

4、 management level, in accordance with the provisions of the uniform requirements of tender documents to submit tender documents, work towards implementation of the order to regulate the bidding of the construction market activities to achieve the most optimal allocation of social resources, August 3

5、0, 1999 eleven of the Ninth National Peoples Congress adopted the PRC Tendering and Bidding Law, marking the steps of the construction project bidding into the legal track. This paper focuses on the bidding process for analysis strategy should be taken. Bidding strategy refers to the successful cons

6、truction contractor in order to achieve the purpose in the bidding process used by the means and methods, construction project bidding is an important part in using the appropriate bidding strategies and techniques, increase the successful rate bid, but also expectations of larger profits.First, bid

7、 decision analysisCompanies may also face multiple projects tendering opportunities, by construction capacity constraints, can not practice all the tendering opportunities, but should be selected in a number of projects; on a specific project, from the perspective of effective, profitable superscrip

8、t, subscript and the loss of preservation standards, businesses are required features of the project tender and business realities of decision-making, in order to achieve the stated business objectives, such as: access to profitability, capture the market, establish a new corporate image and so on.F

9、irst, usually the following aspects should be considered in the case:(1) contract tendering possibility and feasibility of the project. The ability to contract the project, and whether the deployment of a management strength, technical strength to participate in project implementation, competitors h

10、ave obvious advantages. (2) the reliability of tenders. For example, urban planning projects and land use permits and other permit approval have been completed, whether the funds have already been implemented and so on. (3) the tender of the contract conditions.(4) internal factors affect the chance

11、s of winning contracts, including enterprises in the technical, economic, management and credit strengths; external factors including the owners and supervision of the Engineer, competitor strength and competitive situation, the law and regulations the situation, project risk and so on.Secondly, if

12、faced with the following conditions should give up the tender: (1) project size, technical requirements exceed the level of enterprise technology projects; (2) the scope and viability of their business outside of the project; (3) Comparison of the enterprise is currently contracted tasks full, and t

13、he greater risk of tendering the project; (4) the technological level, management, construction projects was significantly better than competitors.Second, the bidding strategy ofIf you decide to participate in the bidding companies should take the appropriate strategies, and strive to win the bid.1.

14、 Access to information, to grasp the situation of information strategy is to develop scientific and rational basis, companies must focus on the tender information collection, collation and processing work on a comprehensive analysis of tender information, grasp its comprehensiveness, timeliness and

15、accuracy. For example: characteristics of the project, materials prices, labor costs level, the credibility of the owners, the investment level of assurance, supervising engineer, the likely situation in competitors, competitive situation and risk issues.2. To Changzhi short, inferior to the winning

16、 contractor of construction projects should be an objective analysis of its advantages: first, the technical aspects: (1) The estimates should be proficient in the industry, architects, engineers, accountants, engineers and management experts, the organization institutions; (2) project design, const

17、ruction expertise, to solve the technical difficulties, and various technical problems of construction capacity. (3) similar projects with the tender of construction experience. (4) certain technical strength of the , the economic reality: (1) has the ability to advance funds; (2) have a certain fix

18、ed assets and machinery and equipment and putting in the necessary funds; (3) have a certain cash flow of money to pay for construction; ( 4) the ability to pay various security; (5) have to pay various taxes and insurance capacity; (6) have a certain ability to bear the risks of force the same time

19、 management, should focus on cost control. Shorten the construction period, the quota management, combined with reward and punishment approach; reduce management, multi-skill training of workers; saving materials; the use of advanced construction methods. Have a quality, heavy sense of efficiency, t

20、here must be practical measures. Finally, the credibility, the enterprises should comply with laws and regulations, careful attention to ensure the construction safety, duration, and quality. Establish a good reputation, which is an important criterion for successful bidding. A clear grasp of their

21、own advantages in the premise can to Changzhi short. 3. Resourceful, take the initiative in the construction market is a buyers market, competition is intense. Bidders should be based on internal and external conditions, for a variety of programs and measures, on balance, vision, seize the initiativ

22、e.Third, the tender offer Technical Analysis1. Unbalance unbalanced quotes offer method, is defined in the basic premise of price adjustment of each child within the offer in order to not affect the total price, again as soon as possible after winning bidder may withdraw funds in advance in the work

23、s and access to better economic efficiency. Imbalance usually offer the following situations:(1) to be able to recover the closing paragraph of the early projects (such as earthwork, foundation, etc.) may apply for a higher price unit price to take advantage of cash flow; of late projects (such as d

24、ecorating, electrical installation, etc.) may be appropriate to reduce the unit price. (2) may increase the amount of estimated future works projects, the price can increase, while the number of quantities with errors early projects, the unit can be reduced. However, the above two points to overall

25、consideration. The number of errors for the quantities of early works, such as a scale impossible to complete the number of projects, you can not blindly raise the price, and then determine the need for specific analysis. (3) drawing the content is not clear, it is estimated to increase the amount o

26、f the revised project, and its price can be increased.(4) No unit quantities reported the project only, the price should be high. This will not affect the total bid price, but also more profitable. (5) For the preliminary list of items, the possibility of its implementation of large projects, the pr

27、ice can be high; estimated that the project can be implemented is not necessarily cheap.2. Improve the sporadic employment offer if the contract bid price rule does not include the sporadic employment, which did not list the number of specific employment, sporadic employment (day laborers) are gener

28、ally slightly higher than the wages of construction unit price table due to sporadic employment contract does not belong to the scope of a valid contract price, the time of reimbursement, but also more profitable.3. More and more programs offer law programs offer method is the use of engineering des

29、ign documents, drawings or ambiguity in terms of the contract is not enough to fight to modify the project specifications and contract law for the purpose of a quotation. The tender offer method to reduce risk and avoid unforeseen costs due to increase in the offer is too high to be eliminated. The

30、specific practice is to report the two prices in the tender price, first reported the original engineering specifications of a contract price, the second is to comment, such as engineering design documents, drawings or contract to do some changes, you can reduce the number of the cost of the offer b

31、ecome the lowest, in order to attract the owners to modify specifications and contract terms.4. Sudden price method is the sudden price method used by competitors to confuse a competitive method. Usually, in preparing bidding process anticipated a good price down, and then deliberately spreading fal

32、se information, such as intention to abandon standard, according to generally offer or intend to report high and so close to the tender closing date, suddenly went to tender, and reduce the offer to over competitors.5. Some of the first loss after winning method of construction enterprises in order

33、to enter an area or a particular area, relying on its own strength, to take at all costs, but only to offer the winning low bid program. Once successful, you can contract in this area or that area more engineering tasks, to achieve the overall purpose of profit. Construction works contractors bidding tenders, in addition to work on the tender offer, it