我的高一语法定语从句总结.docx
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我的高一语法定语从句总结
定语从句
定语从句的相关概念
1.定义：
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句
2.先行词：
被修饰的名词,代词。
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
3.引导定语从句的词
关系代词：
who,whom,whose,which,that，另外，as也可充当关系代词（关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
）
关系副词：
when,where,why（在定语从句中充当状语。
）
结构：
先行词+关系词+定语从句。
InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney
（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：
限定性定语从句：
从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句：
对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.
2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.
3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.
找正确的关系词的方法：
瞻前顾后
瞻前：
先看先行词是人还是物。
顾后：
看关系词在后面的定语从句中所做的成分。
关系代词&关系副词的选择
如果充当是名词性成分，使用关系代词；如果充当是状语成分，使用关系副词。
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
That:
指人/指物/主语/宾语
Which:
指物/主语/宾语
Who：
指人/主语/宾语
Whom：
指人/宾语
Whose:
指人/指物/定语
As:
指人、指物、主语、宾语
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
练习：
1.Theman________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl______________ImetisLucy.
3.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledTom.
4.Ilikethebook___________youboughtyesterday.
5.Weshallneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.
6.Iliketheperson_________youjusttalked.
7.Ihavearoom_______windowfacessouth.
注意1）关系词whom/which/that作宾语时，一般可以省略。
2）关系词前有介词而且关系词在定语从句中做宾语（表语）时，指人时用whom，指物时用which,而且不能省略。
一、that和which用法的区别
1、只能用that不用which的情况
（1）先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。
Iamsureshehassomething__that___youcanborrow
Doyouhaveanything_that____youdon’tunderstand?
（2）先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。
I’vereadallthebooks_that_____youlendme.
Pleasesendusanyinformation_that_____youhaveaboutthesubject.
（3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
Thisisthefirstbook__that___hehasread.
Itisthemostbeautifulcity__that___I’veeverseen.
（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。
Thisistheverybook__that___belongstohim.
Heistheonlyperson___that__waspresentatthetime.
补充：
thesameas/that对比
用as：
相似，同类事物;用that：
同一个，同一事物.
Thisisthesamepenas/thatIlostyesterday.
Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.
（5）先行词既有人又有物时。
Thefamouswriterandhisworks_that____theradiobroadcastarepopulartothestudents.
（6）先行词是who或which引导的主句。
Whoisthegirl___that__drovethecar?
（7）主句以therebe引导时。
Therearemorethan400,000people___that__diedorwereinjuredintheearthquake.
补充：
thesameas/that对比
用as：
相似，同类事物;用that：
同一个，同一事物.
Thisisthesamepen__________Ilostyesterday.
Ihaveboughtthesamedress_________sheiswearing.
2、只用which不用that的情况
（1）关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
Therearemanytrees_underwhich_________theycanhavearest.
Thisisthering_onwhich_________shespent1000dollars.
（2）在非限制性定语从句中。
Football,___which___isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.
二、只用who的情况
先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用who.
One_who___hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.
Theoneswho____laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.
Anyone__who__failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.
Those_who___wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere
.
3.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介
词of,有时可用whose转换。
1）I’mpaintingahouse,theroof___ofwhich______isround.
I’mpaintingahouse___whose___roofisround.
2）Theyliveinahouse,__whose_____windowsfacesouth.
Theyliveinahouse,thewindows_ofwhich___facesouth.
【典型例题】
[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople’slives.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it
[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.
A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom
[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.
A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose
[例5]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.
A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem
【模拟试题】
1.Susanistheverygirl_____thegooddeed.
A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid
C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid
2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.
A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich
3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.
A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich
4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.
A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich
5. There is no such place _____ you dream of in all this world.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as
课后练习：
1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
4.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat
5.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
6.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn
7.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst
8.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?
A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow
C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow
9.Canyoulendmethenovel__________theotherday?
A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout
10.Isthereanything__________toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs
C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
11.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?
”
----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”
A.thatB.which
C.theoneD.theonewhat
12.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat
13.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich
14.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.
A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom
15.Heisamanofgreatexperience,__________muchcanbelearned.
A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom
16.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthat
C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
17.Thereisonlyonething__________Icando.
A.whatB.thatC.allD.which
18.Ihavemanybooks,someof__________areonchemistry.
A.themB.thatC.whichD.those
19.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.
A.whichB.whoC.thatD./
20.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
状语从句
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。
例如：
1. Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.（副词）
2. Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.（介词状短语）
3. Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.（不定式）
4. Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.（过去分词）
5. IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.（原因状语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。
enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。
一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。
尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。
状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点。
现分别列举如下:
1．时间状语从句
常用引导词：
when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until
特殊引导词：
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when
Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.
WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard（果园）themomenttheysawtheguard.
NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.
EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
2．地点状语从句
常用引导词：
where
特殊引导词：
wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
3．原因状语从句
常用引导词：
because,since,as,since
特殊引导词：
seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat,
MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.
Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.
Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.
Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.
4．目的状语从句
常用引导词：
sothat,inorderthat
特殊引导词：
lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat
Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.
Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.
5．结果状语从句
常用引导词：
so…that,so…that,such…that,
特殊引导词：
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,
Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.
It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.
Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.
6．条件状语从句
常用引导词：
if,unless,
特殊引导词：
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat
We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.
Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.
Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.
7．让步状语从句
常用引导词：
though,although,evenif,
升级会员 