全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲非英语专业附录三.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲非英语专业附录三.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲非英语专业附录三

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）附录三

附录3常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及见缩写词

一、常用的前缀和后缀

1.常用前缀

aero-:

concerningtheairoraircraft

plane—areoplane

space—aerospace

anti-:

against;oppositeof

nuclear—antinuclear

matter—antimatter

war—antiwar

auto-:

oforbyoneself

biography—autobiography

criticism—autocriticism

be-:

totreatasthestatedthing

friend—befriend

little—belittle

bi-:

tow;twice;double

lingual—bilingual

cycle—bicycle

bio-:

concerninglivingthings

chemistry—biochemistry

sphere—biosphere

by-,bye-:

lessimportant

product—by-product

way—byway

centi-:

hundredthpart

grade—centigrade

mater—centimeter

co-:

together,with

author—coauthor

exist—coexist

col-:

（usedbeforel）together,with

location—collocation

com-:

（usedbeforeb,m,p）together,with

Passion—compassion

con-:

together,with

centric—concentric

federation—confederation

contra-:

opposite

diction—contradiction

natural—contranatural

cor-:

（usedbeforer）together,with

relate—correlate

respond—correspond

counter-:

opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-:

across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem

country—cross-country

breed—crossbreed

de-:

showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce

code—decode

value—devalue

dis-:

not;theoppositeof

advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree

honest—dishonest

em-:

（usedbeforeb,m,p）tocausetobecome

body—embody

power—empower

en-:

tocausetobecome;tomake

danger—endanger

large—enlarge

ex-:

former（andstillliving）

minister—ex-minister

wife—ex-wife

extra-:

outside;beyond

curricular—extracurricular

ordinary—extraordinary

fore-:

inadvance,before;inoratthefront

arm—forearm

warn—forewarn

il-:

（usedbeforel）not

legal—illegal

literate—illiterate

im-:

（usedbeforeb,m,p）not

moral—immoral

possible—impossible

in-:

not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

infra-:

belowinarange;beyond

red—infrared

structure—infrastructure

inter-:

between;among

change—interchange

national—international

intra-:

inside,within;into

city—intracity

department—intra-department

ir-:

（usedbeforer）not

regular—irregular

responsible—irresponsible

kilo-:

thousand

gram—kilogram

mater—kilometer

macro-:

large,

esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsof

economics—macroeconomics

structure—macrostructure

mal-:

badorbadly

function—malfunction

treat—maltreat

micro-:

extremelysmall

computer—microcomputer

electronics—microelectronics

mid-:

middle

day—midday

night—midnight

mini-:

small;short

bus—minibus

skirt—miniskirt

mis-:

badorbadly;wrongorwrongly

fortune—misfortune

understand—misunderstand

mono-:

one;single

plane—monoplane

tone—monotone

multi-:

morethanone;many

purpose—multipurpose

national—multinational

non-:

not

resident—non（-）resident

sense—nonsense

out-:

outside;beyond

live—outlive

door—outdoor

over-:

toomuch;above;additional

head—overhead

time—overtime

poly-:

many

centric—polycentric

syllabic—polysyllabic

post-:

laterthan;after

graduate—postgraduate

war—postwar

pre-:

before;inadvance

pay—prepay

war—prewar

pro-:

infavorof,supporting

America—pro-America

Abortion—pro-abortion

pseudo-:

notreal;false

name—pseudonym

science—pseudoscience

re-:

again;backtotheformerstate

unite—reunite

use—reuse

self-:

bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orinoneselforitself

employed—self-employed

taught—self-taught

semi-:

half;partly

circle—semicircle

final—semifinal

step-:

notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried

mother—stepmother

children—stepchildren

sub-:

under,below;lessimportant;partofthestatedbiggerwhole

divide—subdivide

section—subsection

super-:

more,large,greaterthanusual

market—supermarket

natural—supernatural

tele-:

atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision

communication—telecommunication

screen—telescreen

therm（o）-:

concerningheat

chemistry—thermochemistry

meter—thermometer

trans-:

across,onortotheothersideof;between

Atlantic—transatlantic

Plant—transplant

tri-:

three;threetimes

angular—triangular

cycle—tricycle

ultra-:

beyond;very,extremely

modern—ultramodern

sound—ultrasound

un-:

not

certain—uncertain

fortunate—unfortunate

under-:

toolittle;below

develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea

uti-:

one;single

form—uniform

directional—unidirectional

vice-:

nextintherank;below

chairman—vice-chairman

president—vice-president

2.常用后缀

（1）名词后缀

-ability,-ibility

able—ability

flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage

short—shortage

-al

arrive—arrival

refuse—refusal

-an,-ian,-arian

library—librarian

music—musician

-ance,-ence

appear—appearance

refer—reference

-ancy,-ency

emerge—emergency

expect—expectancy

-ant,-ent

apply—applicant

correspond—correspondent

-cy

accurate—accuracy

private—pr