poultry glossary.docx

poultry glossary.docx

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poultryglossary

GLOSSARYOFPOULTRYTERMS

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

ABA-AmericanBantamAssociation

Abdomen腹部-areabetweenthekeelandthepubic（hip）bones

Abdominalcapacity-thedistancebetweenthetwopublicbones（width）andbetweenthepubicbonesandthetipofthekeel（depth）

Aircell气囊-theairspacebetweenthetwoshellmembranes,usuallyatthelargeendoftheegg

Albumen蛋白-thewhiteoftheegg

Alektorophobia恐鸡症-thefearofchickens

Allantois[ə'læntɔis]尿囊-asac囊connectedtotheembryo'sabdomenandinvolvedinembryorespiration

Amnion羊膜-asacsurroundingtheembryfilledwithamnioticfluidwhichprotectsthedevelopingembryofromshockandprovidesamediumforthedevelopembryotoexercisetheirmuscles

Anatomy-thestructuresystemsofananimal（skeletal,muscular,digestive,etc.）

Anthelmintic[ənt'helmɪntɪk]驱虫剂-medicationgiventotreatabirdwithinternalparasites

Antibiotic-achemicalproducedbyamicroorganismorfungiandusedtodestroyorinhibitthegrowthofbacteriaandothermicroorganisms

Antibody-anaturalsubstanceinthebloodthatrecognizesanddestroysforeigninvadersandthatcausesanimmuneresponsetovaccinationorinfection

Antigen抗原-aforeignproteininthebloodthatdiffersfromnaturalbodyproteinsand,asaresult,stimulatesthenaturalproductionofantibodies

AOSB-anyotherstandardbreed

APA-AmericanPoultryAssociation

Ascites腹水-accumulationoffluidintheabdominalcavity

Ashatched-descriptionofagroupofchicksthathavenotbeensorted

Aves-aclassofanimalscomposedofbirds

Avian-pertainingtobirds

Aviary鸟笼、鸟舍-alargeenclosureforholdingbirdsinconfinement监禁、限制;

Aviculture-thescienceofbirds

Axialfeather-theshortwingfeatherlocatedbetweentheprimaryandsecondaryflightfeathers

Banding-puttingatagorbandwithidentificationonittothewingorlegofabird

Bantam-achickenbreedthatisonethirdtoonehalfthesizeofastandardbreed.

Banti-anon-technicaltermsometimesusedtomean'bantam'

Barbicels-tinyhooksthatholdafeather'swebtogether

Barring-alternatemarkingsoftwodistinctcolorsonafeather

Bay-lightgoldenbrownincolor

Beak-thehardprotrudingmouthpartofabirdconsistingofanuperandalowerpart

Beard-thefeathersbunchedtogetherunderthebeakofsomebreedsofchickens;coarsehairsprotrudingfromthebreastofturkeys

Bedding-materialscatteredonthefloorofapoultryhousetoabsorbmoistureandmanure（alsocalledlitter）

Biddy-anon-technicaltermforalayinghenthatisoveroneyearofage

Bill-the'beak'ofwaterfowl

Billingout-theactofchickensusingtheirbeakstoscoopfeedoutofafeederandontothefloor

Biosecurity-diseasepreventionprogram

Blade-thelower,smoothpartofasinglecomb

Bleaching-thedisappearanceofthecolorfromthevent,faceandshanksofyellow-skinnedchickens

Bloodspot-bloodinanegg

Bloom-themoistprotectivecoatingonafreshlylaideggsthatpartiallysealstheporesoftheeggshelltopreventpenetrationbybacteria（alsocalledthecuticle）

Blowout-whenthereisventdamage,typicallycausedbylayingaverylargeegg（alsoreferredtoasaprolapse）

Blue-slategrayfeathercolor

Booted-havingfeathersontheshanks（legs）andtoes

Breastblister-enlarged,discoloredareaonthebreastorkeelboneoftenseeninheavybirds

Breed-agroupofchickenshavingadistinctivebodyshapeandthesamegeneralfeatures;asloatermusedwhengroupmaleandfemalebirdsformating

Broiler-ameat-typechicken

Brood-tocareforabatchofchicks

Brooder-adeviseusedtoprovidewarmthtoyoungchicks

Broody-ahenthatissittingoneggswiththeintentofhatchingthem

Buff-orange-yellowcolorinfeathersthatisnotshinyorbrassy

Candle-toexaminethecontentsofanintacteggwiththeuseofalight

Candler-lightusedtoexaminethecontentsofaneggwithoutbreakingitopen

Candling-usingacandlertocheckthecontentsofanegg

Cannibalism同类相食-whenpoultryeatthefleshoffellowflockmates

Cape-narrowfeathersbetweenachicken'sneckandback

Capon-acastratedmalechicken（requiressurgerysincethereproductiveorgansareinternal

Carrier-anapparentlyhealthybirdthatcantransmitadiseasetoothers;alsoreferstoacontainertotransportbirds

Caruncle-brightlycoloredgrowthsonthethroatregionofturkeysandthefaceofmuscovyducks

Cecum-ablind隐蔽的pouchatthejunctionofthesmallandlargeintestinesthathostsacommunityofmicroorganismsthatcanferment（digest）fiber（plural=ceca）

Chalza-twowhitecordsoftightlyspunalbumen（eggwhite）foundoneithersideoftheyolkandimportantinkeepingtheyolkproperlypositionedwithintheegg（plural=chalazae）

Chick-young（baby）chicken

Chickentractor-aportablepenforchickensonpasture

Chicktooth-atiny,hardprojectiononthebeakofanewlyhatchedchickthatwasusedbythechicktobreaktheshelltohatch（alsocalledaneggtooth）

Chook-anAustraliantermforchickenthathasbeenusedintheUSforchickensinasmallflock

Chorion-amembranethesurroundstheyolksacandamnion

Class-agroupofchickenbreedsthatwereoriginallydevelopedinaparticularregionoftheworld（e.g.American,Asiatic,Mediterranean）

Cleanlegged-havingnofeathersontheshanksortoes

Cloaca-theportionoftheaviananatomywheretheintestinal,reproductiveandurinarytractsend

Clubbeddown-aconditionwherethedownfeathersdonoteruptfromtheirfeathersheathresultinginacoil-likeappearance

Cluck-soundahenmakesafterlayinganegg

Clutch-agroupofeggsorchicks

Cock-adultmalechicken（alsoreferredtoasarooster）oranadultmalepigeon

Cockerel-immaturemalechicken

Coccidia-protozoanintestinalparasite

Coccidiosis-aparasiticinfection（coccidia）intheintestinaltractofpoultry

Coccidiostat-adrugusedtokeeppoultryfromgettingcoccidiosis

Coliform-anybacteriaresemblingEscherichiacoli

Comb-thefleshyredoutgrowthonthetopofachicken'shead

Condition-typicallyreferstoachicken'sstateofhealthandcleanliness

Conformation-referstothebodystructureofpoultry

Conjunctiva-mucusmembranecoveringtheeyeball

Conjunctivitis-infectionoftheconjunctiva

Contagious-diseasethatiseasilypassedfromonebirdtoanother

Contractgrower-afarmerthatgrowschickens,undercontract,forabroilercompany

Coop-thehouseorcageinwhichpoultryarehoused

coverts-feathersthatcovertheprimaryandsecondarywingfeathers

crest-balloffeathersontheheadsofsomebreedsofchickensandgeese

crop-enlargedpartofthedigestivetractofbirdsthatservesasatemporarystoragespaceoffood

Crossbred-theoffspringofparentsfromdifferentvarietiesorbreeds

Crumbles-apoultryfeedthathasbeenpelletedandthenthepelletsbrokenup

Cuckoo-acourseandirregularbarringpatterninfeathers

Cull-toremoveabirdfromtheflockbecauseofproductivity,age,healthorpersonalityissues

Cuticle-themoistprotectivecoatingonafreshlylaideggsthatpartiallysealstheporesoftheeggshelltopreventpenetrationbybacteria（alsocalledthebloom）

Culture-incubatingasamplefromadiseasedbirdtolookforthepresenceofbacteria

Cushion-massoffeathersthatgivesaroundeffectseeninfemalecochins

Cygnet-young（baby）swan

Defect-anycharacteristicthatmakesachickenlessthanperfect

Depopulate-todestroyanentireflock

Dewlap-theflapofskinbelowthebeakofturkeysandsomegeese

Disinfect-killbacteriathroughchemicalmeans

Disqualification-adefectordeformityseriousenoughtobarabirdfromapoultryshow

Down-alayeroffeathersfoundunderthetoughexteriorfeathers

Drake-anadultmaleduck

Dressed-cleanedinpreparationforeating（feathersandgutsremoved）

Droppings-anothertermforchickenmanure

Dub-tosurgicallyremoveabird'scombandwattlesclosetothehead

Duckfoot-adisqualificationofchickenswherethehindtoeiscarriedtoofarforwardandtouchesthethirdtoeoriscarriedtoofarbackandtouchestheground

Duckling-ayoung（baby）duck

Duodenalloop-theupperpartofthesmallintestine（alsoreferredtoastheduodenum）

Dry-bulbthermometer-usedtodeterminethetemperatureinaroomorincubator

Dustbath-thehabitofchickenstosplasharoundinsoftsoiltocleantheirfeathersanddiscourageexternalparasites

Earlobes-thefleshpatchofbareskinlocatedbelowtheearsofbirds

Ectoparasite-anexternalparasite

Eggtooth-atiny,hardprojectiononthebeakofanewlyhatchedchickthatwasusedbythechicktobreaktheshelltohatch（alsocalledachicktooth）

Electrolytes-amineralsolutionusedtotreatdehydration

Embryo-thedevelopingcihickinanegg

Embryology-thestudyoftheformationanddevelopmentofembryos

Encephalitis-inflammationofthebrain

Endoparasite-aninternalparasite

Enteric-affectingtheintestines

Enteritis-inflammationoftheintestines

Esophagus-theportionofthedigestivetractthatmovesfromthemouthtothestomach

Etiology-causesofadisease

Evaporation-changingaliquidintovapor

Exudate-fluidassociatedwithaninflammationorswelling

Exudativediathesis-accumulationoffluid（exudate）undertheskinoraroundtheheart

Faking-thedishonestpracticeofconcealingadefectordisqualificationfromapotentialbuyerorashowjudge

Feather-legged-adescriptionofthosebreedsofchickenswithfeathersgrowingdowntheirshanks

Fecal-pertainingtothefeces

Feces-droppings/manure

Feral-wild,untamed

Fertile-aneggthatisf