高考英语 阅读理解基础精品练习题12.docx
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高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题12
高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题(12)
(201*·江苏卷,C)
AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.
Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld'sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机).Althoughitusesafairlystandard152ton,2.3megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture),atechnologyHywind'screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables(缆索);thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind'sstability(稳定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.
Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit'sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar'scentreofgravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean'ssurface.Todothat,thecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(变速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture).
Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwindfarmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deepseafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmillaseyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet'ssurfacetooneofthebestlowcarbonpowersourcesavailable.
本文为科普短文,讲述世界上第一个深海风力发电机——涡轮发电机以及它的发电原理及好处。
9.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof________.
A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloor
B.thesparwhichisfloatingindeepseawater
C.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawind
D.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface
答案:
B。
细节理解题。
由文章第二段特别是“thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves”可知B项正确。
10.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting________.
A.ontheseafloorB.onthespartop
C.atsealevelD.behindtheblades
答案:
C。
细节理解题。
由文章第三段最后一句“...onewhosegearboxsitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades.”可知C项正确。
11.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan________.
A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmills
B.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbines
C.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblems
D.explorelowcarbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea
答案:
D。
细节理解题。
由文章最后一句“...itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet'ssurfacetooneofthebestlowcarbonpowersourcesavailable.”可知D项正确。
说明文A
(201*·江西八校联考)
Hightechmachineshavemadelifeeasierformillionsaroundtheworld.However,somepeoplestillpreferlowtechwaysofdoingthings.Here'sanexampleofwhythisishappening.Youcanmicrowaveafrozenhamburgerin60seconds.However,itwon'ttasteasgoodastheoneyoucookonthestove.Andifyou'reinthatmuchofahurry,youprobablywon'ttaketimetotoastthebun.Hightechcookingsavestime,butitdoesn'tmakebettertastingmeals.
MostpeoplegettheirnewsfromhightechsourcesliketelevisionortheInternet.Thishasmanyadvantages.Forexample,electronicnewsismoreuptodatethannewspapersormagazines.It'salsomoreexcitingtoseeliveandvideotapednewseventsthanphotographs.However,newspapersandmagazineshavesomeimportantadvantages.Theygivemorebackgroundanddetails.Theyalsoletyoureadthepartsthatareimportanttoyouandskiptherest.
Otherhightechtimesavershavesimilardisadvantages.Forexamples,mostpeopleusethephoneoremailtostayintouchwithfriendsandfamilymemberswholiveinotherplaces.ButwhenyouusetheInternetorthephone,youdon'talwaysthinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouaresaying,andsometimesyouforgettheimportantthingsyouwanttocommunicate.Similarly,whenyouwordprocessahomeworkassignmentinsteadofhandwritingit,youcancheckyourspellingelectronicallyandputinfancyheadings.However,somestudentsaresobusywiththecomputerthattheydon'tpayenoughattentiontotheactualwordstheyarewriting.
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thewriterlikeshightechcooking.
B.Lowtechcookingproducesbettertastingmeals.
C.Hightechnewsprogramsalwayskeepyoureadingwhatisimportanttoyou.
D.Handwrittenhomeworkisbetterthanwordprocessedhomework.
2.Howdoesthewriterfeelabouthightechtool?
A.Betterlatethannever.
B.Easycome,easygo.
C.Everycoinhastwosides.
D.Learntowalkbeforeyourun.
3.Whatisthemainsubjectdiscussedinthetext?
A.Hightechvslowtech.
B.Advantagesvsdisadvantages.
C.NewspapersandmagazinesvstelevisionandtheInternet.
D.Wordprocessingvshandwriting.
4.Howisthetextorganized?
A.Mainidea—Argument—Explanation.
B.Opinion—Discussion—Description.
C.Topic—Comparison—Supportingexamples.
D.Introduction—Supportingexamples—Discussion.
答案与解析:
高科技的机器设备使世界上很多人受益,使生活更轻松。
但是高科技和低科技各有长处和不足。
1.B 细节理解题。
文章说明高科技和低科技各有长处和不足,作者并没有表明自己的态度,A项错误;由第一段最后一句话可知B项正确;根据第二段作者举的例子可知C项错误;根据第三段最后两句话可知D项错误。
2.C 观点判断题。
作者从优势和不足两个方面谈论了hightechtool,因此选C项。
任何事物都有两面性。
3.A 主旨大意题。
整篇文章自始至终作者都在对hightech和lowtech进行比较,故选A项。
4.C 结构分析题。
文章首先提出问题,然后进行比较分析,接下来举例说明。
************************************************************结束
(2010·郑州质检)
IntheirbookTimetoEattheDog:
TheRealGuidetoSustainableLiving,RobertandBrendaValesaykeepingamediumsizeddoghasthesameecologicalimpactasdriving10,000kmayearina4.6literLandCruiser.
“We'renotactuallysayingitistimetoeatthedog.We'rejustsayingthatweneedtothinkaboutandknowtheecologicalimpactofsomeofthethingswedoandthatwetakeforgranted.”
Constructinganddrivingthejeepforayearrequires0.41hectaresofland,whilegrowingandmanufacturingadog'sfoodtakesabout0.84hectares—or1.1hectaresinthecaseofalargedogsuchasaGermanshepherd.
Convincingflesheatingcatsanddogstogovegetarianforthesakeoftheplanetisanonstarter,theValessay.Insteadtheyrecommendkeeping“greener”,smaller,andmoresustainablepets,suchasgoldfish,chickensorrabbits.
Thebook'splayfultitle,andserioussuggestionthatpetanimalsmaybeusefully“recycled”,bybeingeatenbytheirownersorturnedintopetfoodwhentheydie,maynotappealtoanimalfans.
Annoyingastheideamaybe,thequestionisvalidgiventheplanet'sgrowingpopulationandlimitedresources,RobertValesaid.
“Issuesaboutsustainabilityareincreasinglybecomingthingsthataregoingtorequireustomakechoiceswhichareasdifficultaseatingyourdog.It'snotjustaboutchangingyourlightbulbsortakingaclothbagtothesupermarket,”hesaid.
“It'saboutmuchmorechallenginganddifficultissues,”headded.“Onceyouseewherecatsanddogsfitinyouroverallbalanceofthings,youmightdecidetohavethecatbutnotalsotohavethetwocarsandthethreebathroomsandbeameateateryourself.”
1.Theauthorsgavetheirbooktheplayfultitleto________.
A.makeitamusing
B.createavividimage
C.showwritingskills
D.arousepeople'sconcern
2.InParagraph3thewritermainlywantstotellus________.
A.theamountofconsumedland
B.theneglectedecologicalimpact
C.somefamiliarexamples
D.someactualfigures
3.Whomaynotliketheideaof“recycling”petanimals?
A.Manufacturers.B.Drivers.
C.Animalfans.D.Theauthorities.
4.Whatdotheauthorsthinkoflivingasustainablelife?
A.Challenging.B.Inspiring.
C.Inviting.D.Touching.
答案与解析:
RobertVale和BrendaVale写了一本名为TimetoEattheDog:
TheRealGuidetoSustainableLiving(《该吃狗了:
永续生活》)的书,书中提到了一种绝对新鲜的观点——吃掉宠物,或者“回收”宠物。
1.D 推理判断题。
RobertVale和BrendaVale写的书名非常有趣,从全文可知,他们这样写的目的在于吸引读者的眼球,引起人们环保的意识,所以答案选D项。
2.B 推理判断题。
通过第三段建造和驾驶吉普车一年需要的土地的量和种植、生产一条狗的食物所需要土地的量的对比,我们不难发现第三段承接第二段第二句而写的,主要告诉我们“被忽视的生态影响”,所以答案选B项。
3.C 细节理解题。
从第五段的maynotappealtoanimalfans可知,“回收”宠物的观点不受那些宠物爱好者的欢迎,所以答案选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。
从最后一段中的It'saboutmuchmorechallenginganddifficultissues可以知道,书的两位作者认为过环保的生活是非常有挑战性的,而且也是很困难的事情,所以答案选A项。
D
(2011·天津卷,C)
AnideathatstartedinSeattle'spubliclibraryhasspreadthroughoutAmericaandbeyond.Theconceptissimple:
helptobuildasenseofcommunityinacitybygettingeveryonetoreadthesamebookatthesametime.
Inadditiontoencouragingreadingasapursuit(追求)tobeenjoyedbyall,theprogramallowsstrangerstocommunicatebydiscussingthebookonthebus,aswellaspromotingreadingasanexperiencetobesharedinfamiliesandschools.TheideacamefromSeattlelibrarianNancyPearlwholaunched(发起)the“IfAllofSeattleReadtheSameBook”projectin1998.Heroriginalprogramusedauthorvisits,studyguidesandbookdiscussiongroupstobringpeopletogetherwithabook,buttheideahassinceexpandedtomanyotherAmericancities,andeventoHongKong.
InChicago,themayor(市长)appearedontelevisiontoannouncethechoiceofToKillaMockingbirdasthefirstbookinthe